Google Cloud Speech-to-Text API (Chirp) + Gemini 2.5 Flash Non-Thinking. Treat it as a searchable index of what was broadcast, not a quotation record.
00:00:00the Islamic State hidden in Bossaso has agreed to
00:00:03testify, but to remain discreet, he cannot
00:00:06be seen with us. We spoke on the phone, his
00:00:09words are
00:00:11repeated,
00:00:14"I'm hiding, I'm afraid he'll find me and kill me because I
00:00:18dared to run away.
00:00:21I can't go home because if the police find me, they'll
00:00:24arrest me."
00:00:30Arriving in Bossaso after several days on the road, I had come
00:00:32from Ethiopia.
00:00:36I was looking for work and apparently to find it in this
00:00:38country,
00:00:41I went to a mosque every Friday and after
00:00:45several weeks, a Yemeni came to see me to ask if I
00:00:48wanted to join an organization to defend a strong
00:00:52Islam. This man entrusted me with
00:00:56packages to take to different neighborhoods. I wasn't allowed to open them.
00:01:00but I knew very well what was inside, it was weapons.
00:01:03Then one day I was told that I had to leave Bossaso, that I was going
00:01:07to the mountains, and that's when I really understood who I was
00:01:10dealing with. This man was from the Islamic
00:01:12State.
00:01:17There were many foreigners, there were Syrians, Turks,
00:01:20Moroccans. They gave me a weapon and taught me how to use it.
00:01:24Several times I had to shoot at soldiers.
00:01:27One day one of the leaders selected me, he said:
00:01:30"You're going to drive a car and you're going to have to blow it up at an army
00:01:33checkpoint." That's when I understood that I couldn't
00:01:36stay anymore, and I managed to escape.
00:01:38Today, do you still believe in the Islamic
00:01:42State program? I don't
00:01:45know.
00:01:51Its presence in Somalia is a ticking
00:01:53time bomb.
00:01:55It's impossible to know if it won't take up
00:01:58arms again one day." Like him, many recruits are
00:02:01foreign,
00:02:04so the police are now investigating all migrants.
00:02:18for the intellectual autonomy of the
00:02:25the place where it was said, where you come
00:02:27from.
00:02:53freedom and institutional
00:03:30These are people we don't see, who
00:03:32its allies, from hide and ruin our
00:03:33lives.
00:03:41His last catch happened thanks to an error by the terrorists.
00:03:46will attack with them one of the last ISIS
00:03:54Crimea by
00:04:03In their home, here, there was a hole due to
00:04:05fighters, the the explosion of one of the bombs they were preparing, they lived there
00:04:08with their families, their furniture, their belongings, they also prepared
00:04:12their explosives there.
00:04:21example, a conference by the
00:04:24there are funds that totally escape state control.
00:04:26In Somalia, telecommunications
00:04:30companies are private and they have their own
00:04:34relations, but it is true that we regulations, especially concerning money
00:04:36transfers, there is
00:04:38military eliminated 25 members of no limit on the amount, they can send 2 or 3 million dollars
00:04:42in one go, no one controls these transactions, and
00:04:46that's what they exploit here, if there was no easy money to manage, they
00:04:49wouldn't invest in this
00:04:51not mean the end of country.
00:04:54According to local authorities, the Somali faction supplies the
00:04:58different branches of ISIS around the world.
00:05:02It has gained considerable importance in a few
00:05:04years.
00:05:08We're going to take a tour of the Bossaso checkpoint, it's a barrier
00:05:11outside the city, on the road that goes towards the capital Mogadishu.
00:05:37We are looking for ammunition, explosives leaving the
00:05:41city.
00:06:04We have found many things passing through there, transported in large
00:06:07trucks, hidden in fruits and
00:06:10vegetables.
00:07:23Other bombs could be hidden, but the soldiers must still
00:07:26use this
00:07:27track.
00:07:32That day, the officers are summoned to a nearby
00:07:35village.
00:08:13that our people have been
00:08:14hurt.
00:08:21When you eliminate members of Daesh, they reappear elsewhere, it's a virus.
00:08:25They can spread in Africa, in Asia, in
00:08:28Europe, America,
00:08:31everywhere. We must
00:08:34fight them all. We need air support,
00:08:38transport means, we need weapons,
00:08:42we need equipment for our demining teams. We tell the world
00:08:45to remain careful about them, we must help all those for whom they are a problem and us
00:08:49here too. The minister informed them of a new
00:08:53phase of the offensive, in a few days American commandos
00:08:58bases. How are you? Did you prepare
00:09:02dinner? Potatoes, they make
00:09:05us strong, it's good food,
00:09:08rich in protein. The mountain
00:09:12diet, Ali and his team are waiting for their food, they are freedom
00:09:18men who liberate the country.
00:09:21We've been here for a year, we
00:09:27are convinced that this is our land, that we have
00:09:31liberated it and that we will never leave it.
00:09:34Some have died, some have been injured, but for those who remain, we
00:09:38are ready to die and be injured for this...
00:09:42We are ready.
00:09:44A few
00:09:47days later, the
00:09:51the Islamic State during the joint operation with the
00:09:54Americans.
00:09:57The noose is tightening on Daesh in Somalia, but a military
00:10:00victory will the
00:10:03threat.
00:10:28It hurts me a lot that no one can even directly call Julia my
00:10:31partner, only. Julia and
00:10:34Natalia are engaged but cannot get
00:10:36married.
00:10:40Poland is one of the last European countries not to have legalized either marriage or civil unions of the same
00:10:43sex. Only homosexual marriages concluded abroad are administratively
00:10:46recognized.
00:10:49for several years and now we can say that we have support from family and
00:10:52loved ones.
00:10:57As you know, we are engaged and I proposed to
00:11:00Natalia, so I prepared a beautiful trip to Norway, which
00:11:04was a surprise, everything was wonderful, there were waves, there was a lighthouse,
00:11:07we were alone, the weather was beautiful, it was a beautiful
00:11:11winter, it was wonderful, I swear, can you imagine
00:11:14an engagement, that's it, and I normally set up the phone,
00:11:18we're recording, we're rushing, and then when she started recording, I was completely
00:11:22like, we have this recording and my heart was
00:11:26pounding, because I was convinced that this was the moment, well, I was full of dread,
00:11:29because I had left the ring in Gdansk, so
00:11:33I knew that nothing would happen in it, I was simply recording beautiful shots,
00:11:36eventually it happened when we had already landed in Gdansk,
00:11:39my friends were there and we got engaged at
00:11:42Neptune.
00:11:47Since we got engaged in Norway, we would really
00:11:51like to have the wedding in Norway, although
00:11:54it is known full marital equality in
00:11:58Poland, recently the Sejm adopted a law on the status of a close person
00:12:02and it is known, if it passes further, we will certainly
00:12:06use it and here I do not hide the fact that
00:12:09then we will use such legal frameworks and such legal solutions as
00:12:13we can, however, this is not a satisfactory
00:12:15law for us, it hurts me a lot that no one can even directly
00:12:19call Julia my partner, only a
00:12:22close person, wife, wife. Well, that's
00:12:25actually some level of
00:12:40same-sex relationship, but is afraid. I would say that now, despite all these difficult
00:12:42comments and often strange glances,
00:12:46unpleasant situations, or the fact that some people think that
00:12:50I am not human, that I am a perversion, ultimately.
00:12:53I return to a home where I feel safe, that is more valuable to me than anything anyone could say to us,
00:13:00Hello and welcome to Face to Face on France
00:13:2024. Our guest this week is Louis Vassi, he is the director of the Institute
00:13:24of Political Studies of Paris, known as Sciences Po. He
00:13:27has been director since October 2024. Thank you very much for being here.
00:13:31You are a former ambassador to the Netherlands, former chief of staff at the
00:13:34Ministry of Foreign Affairs. As a diplomat and as the
00:13:38director of an institute that prepares future
00:13:42ambassadors, one thing now seems clear: the multipolar
00:13:45world has had its day and Donald Trump is perhaps not
00:13:48an accident of history but perhaps an indicator of what
00:13:52is happening. Emmanuel Macron spoke
00:13:56of the carnivores, the United States, China, Russia, even
00:14:00India, who are there and Europe doesn't really
00:14:02know what to do, it has really changed its tune. Yes, I think everyone
00:14:06has understood that we have changed our tune, and to be honest, it has changed its tune for
00:14:10a long time. Is it in 2001, is it in
00:14:132004, in 2008 with the financial crisis, is it in
00:14:162014 with the invasion of
00:14:19Russia? Of course, it has changed
00:14:22its period and basically... uh it's true that it's something I
00:14:26observed firsthand in my previous diplomatic
00:14:29functions when I started at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs
00:14:32in 2004 it was still a world where multilateral texts were negotiated where
00:14:35we believed in the ability
00:14:38to collectively govern the
00:14:41world through cooperation even if wars existed, tensions existed and
00:14:45and this way of doing things has eroded over the
00:14:49years and today we see that that power essentially
00:14:53expresses itself more. It has always been structuring in international
00:14:59believed in the 90s, at the beginning of the 2000s that we had entered a different
00:15:02era, and essentially we are finally returning to what the
00:15:06world is, that is to say
00:15:09a scene very organized by power dynamics. Does
00:15:13Europe not suffer all
00:15:16this, does it have a little bit the impression that Europe, which was built to no longer wage
00:15:20war, doesn't really know what to do while war has returned
00:15:24to its soil and perhaps to our borders? That
00:15:27is a fact, I don't think we should regret it, Europe
00:15:31completely, it just needs to be lucid, but Europe turned its
00:15:34back or wanted to turn its back
00:15:37on centuries of permanent civil wars. Europe was in a
00:15:41state of almost continuous war for
00:15:445, 6 centuries until 1945 and obviously with
00:15:47the immeasurable tragedies of the 20th
00:15:50century, it wanted to turn its back through
00:15:53regional integration, continental integration on this
00:15:57reality. The difficulty, I think, that it is
00:16:00facing is that Europe is an empire like the United States
00:16:04or China, but a different empire where...
00:16:07the other great powers project their imperial power outwards,
00:16:11Europe is more like the Holy Roman Empire, it tries
00:16:15rather to manage
00:16:18conflicts between its parties in a certain way, and I believe everyone
00:16:22understands now that it must also be capable of projecting power
00:16:25at least to protect itself, and Europeans have
00:16:29become aware of this, many say it, seek to
00:16:31become stronger too, there are the reports produced by Mr. Letta,
00:16:35by Mr. Draghi, this questioning is...
00:16:37present, but it is true that we come from a history that is one of divisions
00:16:41to which we are trying to turn our backs and this is not totally absurd,
00:16:44let's say. So this geopolitical climate and especially
00:16:48what is happening in the United States, in American universities,
00:16:52saw the battles between the Trump administration, the great
00:16:55universities, Harvard, Columbia and others,
00:16:58has a concrete impact at Sciences
00:17:01Po, we see a very notable arrival
00:17:05of American students, even of American university professors
00:17:08at Sciences Po and in other European
00:17:12universities, and on the other hand, a clear
00:17:15desire of students not to go to the
00:17:18United States anymore. Yes, well, that's perhaps a
00:17:21bit excessive as a presentation, but it's true that there's a reconfiguration of international
00:17:25student flows, it's a reality. The New
00:17:29York Times, when it talked about Sciences Po a few weeks ago, described us as a
00:17:33refuge, and it's true that at
00:17:36a time when, basically, these international
00:17:40fractures are occurring, many students are trying to figure out
00:17:43where it's good to go, especially since a study project is a project for
00:17:474, 5, 6 years sometimes, and so you need to have some certainty about how it's
00:17:51going to go. What we offer at Sciences Po, and I
00:17:55think more broadly in Europe, but it's true that we are very well placed due to our
00:17:58internationalization over the past 25 years, is in fact an
00:18:02atmosphere of freedom, and basically, the university
00:18:05is above all else... freedom of expression, academic
00:18:09freedom, freedom to debate, freedom to have different points of view, and then
00:18:13obviously, the fact of doing it in an atmosphere of intellectual
00:18:16excellence. This has a very clear consequence for
00:18:20us, as you said, a very notable increase in the number of foreign
00:18:23applications, plus 33% in the first year, and if we look specifically at American
00:18:27students, it's plus 50% for first-year
00:18:31applications. If we take all our programs combined, for the first time in our
00:18:34history, we have exceeded 100 American applications. To give you an idea,
00:18:38that's twice as many as the second nationality, which is Germany, a little over
00:18:41500. So yes, there's a very large flow of American
00:18:44students to Sciences Po, but in fact of students from all over the
00:18:48world, and especially from Southern countries. But
00:18:51on the other hand, as I said, there are also fewer French or European
00:18:55students who want to go to the United States, and we can still
00:18:59think that the political climate in general, and particularly on campuses,
00:19:03doesn't really make them want to go there, whereas it was traditionally seen as the
00:19:06Holy Grail. That can play a role. It's true that in a few months, the
00:19:10United States went from being the most sought-after destination by our students for
00:19:13their year abroad. You know that at Sciences Po, all students spend their
00:19:17third year studying abroad, it's very specific. I think we are the only
00:19:20university in the world to operate in this way. And so we observe what the
00:19:24demands are, and it's true that the United States has fallen back a lot, by 50% in
00:19:28fact, and Asia, on the other hand, is increasing
00:19:32enormously, not just China, by the way, it's also Southeast Asia, Japan,
00:19:35Korea, which are attracting a lot of our
00:19:37students. So, when you arrived at Sciences Po
00:19:41almost two years ago, it must be said, the school was
00:19:44in crisis, already at the level of its leadership, but also because
00:19:48of the demonstrations most often linked to the war in Gaza. You
00:19:52had taken precautionary measures against students, you called
00:19:56on law enforcement, you banned, for
00:19:59far-left Euro-MP Rima Hassan, and
00:20:02you stated that calm had returned, but it remains
00:20:06tense. In April, there were again incidents, the
00:20:10police were called. The
00:20:12majority of the faculty professors denounced your
00:20:16use of the police, a repression, unilateral
00:20:19governance. What is your response to these criticisms
00:20:23of your operating mode since your
00:20:26arrival? I think that basically what we need is above all to have
00:20:29substantive debates, and that's basically the most interesting thing in a university. The substantive
00:20:33debate we're talking about here is how we define freedom of
00:20:36expression. My point of view is that freedom of expression is
00:20:39total at Sciences Po, and in fact anyone who comes
00:20:43here walks around the campus to note that it's
00:20:47unique. There are 2,800 events per year
00:20:51at Sciences Po, the vast majority of which are organized by students, and many
00:20:54are on difficult political topics. There is absolutely no
00:20:57stifling of debate, we can talk about geopolitics, we can talk about the Middle East
00:21:01obviously at Sciences Po, and we can hold even frankly radical
00:21:04positions. What we cannot do obviously is block the institution because
00:21:08by definition, for this freedom of expression to exist, the
00:21:11spaces must be available to everyone,
00:21:15otherwise it's a capture, if you will, by some of the spaces at the expense of
00:21:18others, and I am the guarantor ultimately
00:21:22of this possibility for everyone to express themselves. Freedom of
00:21:24expression, there are those who like it except that of others, if you will, they
00:21:28like their freedom of expression but not that of others. I am the somewhat
00:21:32neutral guarantor of the freedom of expression of everyone, and by definition that means
00:21:36that the spaces must remain open to everyone. Now, I wouldn't say that
00:21:40honestly it's the normal operating mode at Sciences Po.
00:21:43There was indeed on April 14th this
00:21:46event, it was the first time in a year and I hope that... it
00:21:50will remain, if possible, I would like that to not happen again because
00:21:53indeed, it's never pleasant to have to
00:21:56react, but on the other hand, it's still
00:22:00extremely sporadic. The atmosphere on campus is objectively
00:22:03excellent and I hope that will last because it's
00:22:07also good for students to have this flourishing, if you will, of
00:22:11ideas and debates. So more broadly,
00:22:13how do we preserve both academic
00:22:16freedom and freedom of expression in institutions
00:22:20like yours? To talk about the United States again, we saw
00:22:23the Trump administration accuse Columbia
00:22:27University of antisemitism, pushing
00:22:30it, including with a kind of financial blackmail, to
00:22:34make reforms. Could that also happen
00:22:38in France and for Sciences Po, which
00:22:41also depends on public authorities?
00:22:44Well, I think that's a fascinating question, and it's true
00:22:47that traditionally in France there are
00:22:51many people who know universities
00:22:53who actually support a system entirely
00:22:57financed by the state. I say be careful because in a
00:23:01way it is still a risk, including
00:23:04financial, but in fact above all
00:23:08university. So what I fundamentally believe is that autonomy,
00:23:11there are those who talk about freedom and those who organize it. I am
00:23:15more in the category of doers than talkers,
00:23:19let's say. And so what I'm trying to do is to reduce
00:23:23our dependencies as quickly as possible and as much as possible to anyone,
00:23:26and so it's true that I'm working on an economic
00:23:30model that reduces our dependence on public
00:23:33funds, first because the budgetary situation of France being what
00:23:36it is, I think it's reasonable financially, but also because I believe that behind it is a question of
00:23:40intellectual
00:23:43autonomy. So today, for the first time, we have fallen
00:23:47below 30% of our budget coming from the state, we are at 29
00:23:50%, and I intend to quickly reach 25 and then
00:23:54continue to develop our autonomization because
00:23:57political power, as happened in the United States, has changed and it could
00:24:01also change in France and that could become more complicated, but I don't
00:24:05rely on hypotheses, on maybes
00:24:08and so on, but what I mean is a bit like international relations, you
00:24:11see your dependencies,
00:24:14it's the day you have a problem that you realize them, you see
00:24:17the American administration cut off the whole world, including
00:24:22access to the latest developments in
00:24:26finally LLM of Anthropic.
00:24:29Up until then, we didn't really see the problems of dependence, and so that's the
00:24:32problem of letting these dependencies occur, it's that you
00:24:36only realize their problematic
00:24:39nature on the day there's a crisis. So if we
00:24:42want, I think the intelligent thing to do is to anticipate
00:24:46and rather de-risk, as they say, and try to be less dependent. We
00:24:50never know what the future holds, and in any case, we clearly
00:24:54see that the budgetary situation in France being what it is, it's reasonable for Sciences Po
00:24:58to depend less on public funds, and that's a way
00:25:01of being financially reasonable and intellectually
00:25:04autonomous. Louis, thank you very much for answering the questions of
00:25:08France 24, and thank you for watching this
00:25:11program on our channels.
00:25:13Thank you.
00:25:24Welcome to all of you, with Judith, personalities
00:25:27revisit their destiny, that moment when their life changed. I was not
00:25:31destined to become the Green candidate in
00:25:35every election that came up. I never
00:25:37had this fantasy, this dream of going behind the camera. The
00:25:41Me Too movement, the liberation of speech is an extraordinary
00:25:45movement, it is a cultural revolution. We
00:25:47bought millions of masks. But the next crisis might not be a
00:25:51respiratory
00:25:52virus.
00:25:57with Judith exclusively on the France 24 YouTube channel
00:26:00and all podcast platforms.
00:26:05Watch the weather with Tramier, an extra virgin
00:26:08olive oil without pesticide residues to take care of
00:26:12yourself and your loved ones. Tramier, transmit the
00:26:15true taste.
00:30:0724, thank you for choosing our channels to keep informed, here are the headlines of this
00:30:11news: several people killed by gunfire in Thailand, the
00:30:14young man responsible for this shooting was 14 years old, he had
00:30:18clearly planned his attack according to the Prime Minister, before
00:30:22opening fire in his high school, the young man first killed
00:30:25his own grandparents.
00:30:28We will also
00:30:31stop in this news on this defense agreement signed by
00:30:35Pakistan, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, while the war between the United States and
00:30:38Iran is redrawing the balances in the region. What commitments have been
00:30:42made, what does this pact contain? The analysis of Mélina Uet to
00:30:46follow in this edition.
00:30:49And then in Colombia, the inauguration this evening of the far-right president elected last
00:30:53June, Abelardo de la Espriella says he is determined to
00:30:56fight the guerrillas and drug trafficking.