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00:00:06You are on France 24, thank you for being with us, Paris direct continues, here
00:00:10are the main headlines for this Saturday, new strike in Ukraine, once
00:00:14again, Kyiv, the capital, has been targeted by Russian ballistic
00:00:18missiles, resulting in three deaths. On the diplomatic front, Volodymyr
00:00:22you everywhere in the world and at any time of Zelensky visited Serbia to try, he says,
00:00:25to detach Belgrade from Russia's
00:00:27camp. Fragile relations between Spain and
00:00:31Italy after the Ceuta migratory crisis,
00:00:34Rome has decided to re-establish border controls between the two countries, and in
00:00:37retaliation, Madrid has decided to do the same from midnight
00:00:41tonight. The Sanchez government denounces an infringement of the principle of free
00:00:45movement in the Schengen area.
00:00:49Drones, the new weapons of Turkey to fight against
00:00:52forest fires, a France 24 report to follow which shows
00:00:56the effectiveness of these flying machines in detecting early
00:01:00fire outbreaks, a precious aid for firefighters, allowing them to intervene more
00:01:04quickly. And we will talk about adaptability in the face
00:01:07of fires and climate change with our guest on
00:01:10Paris direct, Marc André Solos, a biologist at the National Museum
00:01:14of Natural History, who will answer all our questions. See you soon.
00:01:23ceremony of the new Colombian
00:01:31New echoes, daily echoes of the war in
00:01:34Ukraine, a ballistic missile alert sounded last
00:01:37production this year simply
00:01:38coast. A small night in Kyiv, a dozen explosions sounded in the
00:01:40capital of Ukraine, according to Ukrainian authorities, these were
00:01:46reverted to orange Russian strikes that killed three people, including a child, on the outskirts of the
00:01:48city. These strikes occur at a time when Volodymyr Zelensky
00:01:52is in Serbia. For the Ukrainian president,
00:01:55it is about convincing one of Russia's historical allies.
00:01:59Emmanuel Chaz is in Ukraine for France
00:02:0124. This is Volodymyr Zelensky's first visit
00:02:05as president to Belgrade, this is the first visit also since the large-scale
00:02:09invasion of Ukraine by Russia, and it is true that
00:02:13Belgrade has
00:02:16maintained a rather precarious balance of
00:02:20neutrality since 2022, trying not to alienate
00:02:23Moscow while also providing humanitarian aid to
00:02:26Ukraine, let's not forget 6,000
00:02:31euros since 2022. However, it is
00:02:34true that Serbia has stayed away from certain European
00:02:37decisions, such as sanctions against Moscow, but Alexander
00:02:41Vučić, the president,
00:02:43visited Kyiv this
00:02:46July. He did not sign the declaration
00:02:49that had been made at that time by other Southern European
00:02:53countries in
00:02:57relation to the support offered by these countries to Ukraine, but he declared
00:03:00himself dissatisfied with what
00:03:03Serbia was providing. So we expect
00:03:06discussions, in any case, that is what Volodymyr Zelensky also wants,
00:03:10of the Indian Minister of he says he is ready to be constructive with Belgrade, and since we are talking about
00:03:14the war in Ukraine, there could be a consequence, a drone exploded
00:03:18in Bulgaria, the deflagration occurred
00:03:21near the border with Romania 1 km from the
00:03:24Trans-Balkan gas pipeline, the pipeline that connects Turkey to
00:03:28Ukraine. According to the Bulgarian Prime Minister, the explosion
00:03:32caused no casualties. Completely different
00:03:35now, tensions are rising between Madrid and Rome, Spain has decided
00:03:39to implement border controls for flights and
00:03:42boats coming from Italy, measures effective
00:03:45from midnight tonight and a reaction from the
00:03:47Sanchez government in response to similar measures decided by the
00:03:51Meloni administration. Relations between the two countries have
00:03:54seriously deteriorated since the Ceuta migratory crisis a few days ago.
00:03:58Explanation Alice. and Simon Mauritz.
00:04:02New skirmish between Madrid and Rome on the migratory
00:04:05issue. Travelers from Italy will be checked
00:04:09on arrival in Spain at ports and airports, starting
00:04:13Saturday at midnight and until September 7. Madrid thus
00:04:17mobilized and work tirelessly. The claims to want to face the persistent irregular migratory pressure suffered by
00:04:20Italy, a way of passing the buck to Rome, which
00:04:24used the same argument to implement border controls
00:04:27for travelers coming from Spain. Last
00:04:30July 31, the far-right Italian Prime Minister Georgia
00:04:33Meloni announced the suspension until August 15
00:04:37of the Schengen agreement for free movement with this
00:04:39country. This measure was taken after 72,000 migrants
00:04:43crossed the border between Morocco and the Spanish enclave of Ceuta in
00:04:47North Africa last week. According to the Spanish
00:04:50government, 7,000 migrants have now returned to
00:04:54History, author of Morocco, but hundreds of unaccompanied children have remained in
00:04:57Ceuta. Some are... being registered with the
00:05:01Spanish police, Morocco says it is ready to cooperate with
00:05:05Spain for their repatriation. The
00:05:08figure I can communicate to you at this stage is that 1342
00:05:12boys and girls have been registered and integrated into the
00:05:15reception system, the process continues of course,
00:05:18the situation has been complex due to the volume of
00:05:21arrivals and a certain overpopulation, but things
00:05:25are gradually returning to normal. According to the
00:05:28Minister of Youth, some minors will be transferred to less
00:05:32saturated reception centers in the Spanish peninsula in the coming
00:05:35weeks. He says he is deeply
00:05:38honored in the United States, Todd Blinch has been confirmed as
00:05:42Attorney General. Since last April, he has been acting in this
00:05:46position, which is the equivalent of the Minister of Justice,
00:05:49a close confirmation, the vote in the Senate was very close,
00:05:5350 votes for, 49 against. The Democratic opposition
00:05:56strongly opposed the nomination of this close associate of Donald Trump, to
00:06:00the point that he was the billionaire's personal lawyer before
00:06:04his return to the White House, but the personality of Todd Blinch also divides
00:06:07within the Republican camp for his alleged role in
00:06:10the disclosure of documents.
00:06:13The case of Washington's substantial and generous aid
00:06:17to Colombia, the United States has announced
00:06:20that it will grant financial aid of one billion dollars
00:06:24to the Colombian authorities, a package to finance the economic and
00:06:28security policies of Abelardo de la Espriella, an ally of Donald
00:06:31Trump, an announcement that came only a few hours after the inauguration
00:06:36head of
00:06:36state.
00:06:40The Colombian president has barely been inaugurated when Washington
00:06:44materializes its support for the new administration in Bogota.
00:06:48Friday evening, the US State Department announced one billion
00:06:51dollars in aid to support security policies and the
00:06:55Colombian economy, subject to Congressional approval. In
00:06:58a statement, the State Department expressed its delight at being able to soon
00:07:01work in close cooperation with the new
00:07:04presidency to ensure the security and prosperity of the
00:07:08United States, Colombia, and our hemisphere. After the
00:07:11profound.
00:07:42the new far-right president has promised a strong approach to the
00:07:46guerrillas financed by cocaine trafficking, of which Colombia is
00:07:49the world's leading producer. Abelardo de la Espriella
00:07:53intends to bury the disarmament negotiations with the guerrillas initiated by
00:07:57his predecessor and to launch bombings against the armed groups'
00:08:01camps. He has promised to relentlessly combat what he calls
00:08:04narcoterrorism with the support of the
00:08:07Trump administration, itself engaged in its anti-drug
00:08:10war.
00:08:12In India, Generation Z is in the authorities' crosshairs. A few
00:08:16days ago, mobilized by the People's Party of the Kafars, thousands
00:08:20of demonstrators obtained the resignation
00:08:23Education. Since then, persecutions have multiplied,
00:08:26incessant threats on social media, against dozens of female and male
00:08:30protesters, malicious disclosure of personal
00:08:33data online. A new battle now begins for this Indian
00:08:37youth, that of the courts, a France 24 report by
00:08:41Navodita Kumari.
00:09:13They also warned us, if you meet the CJP or if you make the
00:09:17slightest noise, we will prosecute you under the strictest national security
00:09:20and anti-terrorism laws. After a night
00:09:23of intimidation, he was abandoned 250 km
00:09:26from Delhi, an experience that still haunts
00:09:30him today. On July 20, the large
00:09:33demonstration organized in the capital was violently
00:09:36repressed by the police, but according to the organizers, the
00:09:39repression of the movement has not stopped since. They denounce a witch
00:09:43hunt, in the courts, but also on
00:09:46social media, these young people are lost, it is our duty to show
00:09:50them the right path. Content creator Shrada Sing
00:09:54filmed several humorous videos at the demonstration site, videos
00:09:58that quickly reached over a million views, the
00:10:01beginning of a wave of online hate.
00:10:05Some people talk to me quite normally, but others have gone too
00:10:08far, they used such obscene words, so vulgar that I... can't
00:10:12even repeat them on camera, or even tell my friends, they
00:10:16also insulted my mother, then I started receiving threats of rape
00:10:20and death threats.
00:10:23Two weeks after the end of the movement, the messages of insults and threats
00:10:27continue to flow, but the young woman refuses to give in to
00:10:30intimidation,
00:10:33if they manage to break me, they will feel empowered to attack
00:10:37other women and stifle their determination too,
00:10:40I will not be intimidated, I will not delete
00:10:43my Instagram account and I will not harm
00:10:46myself. For
00:10:49human rights defenders, this harassment campaign is a coordinated
00:10:53strategy, its objective is to scare
00:10:55protesters into not returning to the streets.
00:10:57We must not forget that doxing can
00:11:02have very real consequences, it can lead to threats of physical
00:11:06violence or actual violence. I also think that placing
00:11:09protesters in detention without any offense being
00:11:12attributed to them before releasing them afterwards was a
00:11:16strategy of harassment aimed at weakening the
00:11:20movement. If the protesters
00:11:24won their battle, many still have to face
00:11:27legal proceedings. The protesters denounce
00:11:30a smear campaign led by far-right groups that does not
00:11:34weaken. Typhoon Dolphine has struck
00:11:38the coast of Okinawa Island in Japan. Dolphine is the name of this typhoon
00:11:41accompanied by winds of over 160 km/h and gusts exceeding 200
00:11:45km/h. Six people, sorry, have been
00:11:48injured, 50,000 buildings are without electricity in Japan. As a precautionary
00:11:51measure, China has suspended its port activities
00:11:55and interrupted ferry traffic in anticipation of the storm's
00:11:59arrival on its
00:12:03victory on the fire front in
00:12:06France. If Gironde has
00:12:11alert for fire risk,
00:12:15that of Var is now contained. Starting
00:12:18from Pontevès on July 21, the Gros
00:12:21Baillon fire, as it is called, has been brought under control after several reignitions,
00:12:25a fire described as unprecedented first by its
00:12:28duration of 18 days, also unprecedented
00:12:32by the mobilization of more than 11,200 firefighters from
00:12:35France and Europe, it covered in total some 6300
00:12:39hectares and caused the evacuation of 6000 people, the flames damaged
00:12:4370 houses of which 41 were
00:12:46totally destroyed and since we are talking about fires, here is the
00:12:50new weapon of Turkey against forest fires, drones allow
00:12:54authorities to detect fire outbreaks very early, which allows
00:12:58rescue teams to intervene more quickly, a report by our
00:13:01correspondent on site, Genoubra with Adria Rocha
00:13:04Cutilier.
00:13:09In this control tower, fires are mainly
00:13:12detected by the human eye, essential monitoring
00:13:15work because when it comes to forest
00:13:18fires, every minute counts. In the
00:13:22Mugla region, the dominant tree is the red pine, a species very
00:13:25vulnerable to fires. We are therefore in an area where the fire
00:13:28risk is high.
00:13:31Turkey is now relying on its fleet of drones, one of the most
00:13:34developed in the world, to strengthen the control of its
00:13:37forests. It allows fires to be detected at their first
00:13:40sign and to intervene more quickly.
00:13:44Mustapha Hulkudur has his eyes glued to the screens.
00:13:48At the Moula Forest Directorate center, he constantly monitors
00:13:51images transmitted live by
00:13:55drones operated remotely from
00:13:57Ankara.
00:13:59The drone has become an indispensable tool in our fight against
00:14:02fires. Look at the screen at the top left, under the smoke, it is impossible to see
00:14:06the embers with the naked eye, but as soon as we switch to the thermal camera, what we call
00:14:09infrared, look, the image appears in a few moments. You see
00:14:13now the lower part of the screen, the heat source is much better
00:14:16detected.
00:14:21Technology now allows us to save precious time, but
00:14:25on the ground, firefighters remain on the front line against the
00:14:28flames.
00:14:31Honestly, it's difficult, it's a demanding job, we remain ready to intervene
00:14:35at any time, as soon as an alert is given, we leave immediately with
00:14:39the teams, six teams have been
00:14:42day after this fire, Hulkudur takes to the skies
00:14:46to assess the damage. With increasingly
00:14:50hot summers, protecting these forests can sometimes seem like a never-ending
00:14:53task, but this... This time, the threat has been
00:14:56contained.
00:14:59Fires in Turkey, fires in Greece, mega-fires in France. So,
00:15:03how do we adapt to these climate
00:15:06changes, how do we anticipate the
00:15:09adaptability of our forests? We will talk about it with Marc
00:15:12André Solos, who is a biologist, mycologist, professor
00:15:16at the National Museum of Natural
00:15:19Biodiversity as a Humanism, a book
00:15:23published by Editions du Seuil in 2016. Hello Marc Andres,
00:15:27thank you for being with us. First of all, we all have in mind these
00:15:30images of mega-fires, but these giant fires, were they foreseeable?
00:15:34Well,
00:15:37first of all, we must have a word for all those who lost
00:15:41their possessions or all those who courageously fought against these
00:15:45fires, but in a way it's
00:15:47expected, there's no surprise. Climate
00:15:51change means that today a certain number of plants are no longer adapted to their
00:15:54environment, that they are very dry, both because the
00:15:58heat evaporates a lot and because it doesn't rain enough for the soils to be filled
00:16:01with water, so these fires are in a way something that is predictable and what
00:16:05happened in Canada in recent years or in Australia is happening
00:16:09to all of Southern Europe, you know that there was a monumental fire
00:16:13at the gates of Madrid also and that like France,
00:16:16Spain has just burned, if I dare say so, its record of burnt area, it is not
00:16:20unexpected, and it is true that for anticipation,
00:16:24well, it's not great, yes. So we will come back to this
00:16:27anticipation, we are talking about hectares burned, damaged
00:16:31or even completely destroyed houses, but beyond the images
00:16:34of immediate devastation, what
00:16:38are the long-term damages to expect?
00:16:41Well, there are very long-term economic damages, I
00:16:45heard that for example the pine wood market in Les
00:16:49Landes will be shaken for 4 to 5 years, so the consequences will be
00:16:53very long economically, ecologically there are things that will
00:16:56regrow quite quickly even if there are soils that are very damaged and will have lost a lot of their
00:17:00fertility, I remind you that a small detail is that in fires
00:17:04nitrogen volatilizes in the form of nitrogen oxides and so...
00:17:07there are ecosystems that still have phosphorus but not enough nitrogen for things to grow
00:17:11well, so if you like,
00:17:14ecologically we will have a resilience that is that of the forest over 30 years,
00:17:18economically we will have consequences over the next
00:17:205 to 10 years, it will be a very
00:17:23very slow process, we must think about not repeating the mistakes of
00:17:27yesterday, especially a mistake which is to have a continuous
00:17:30forest with an flammable species, we must
00:17:33diversify species, we must also diversify the landscape,
00:17:36that is to say diversify economic activity because if you like, there is greater
00:17:40resilience when there is a little agriculture, a little
00:17:43silviculture, a little bit of tourism and
00:17:46it is also increased resilience against fires because their spread is
00:17:50interrupted in areas where there is no forest so we must both adapt
00:17:54the content of the forest but also create landscapes more adapted to the climate
00:17:57of tomorrow and especially to fire prevention, yes, so you mentioned
00:18:01the pines in Gironde, we specifically point
00:18:05to the intensive monoculture. of
00:18:08maritime pine which represents 75% of the
00:18:11areas, but in the face of fire, are there really species of
00:18:15trees that are more
00:18:17resistant?
00:18:20Well, no, if we take into account the fact that with climate change, we
00:18:24have to bring species from the south that will be species from Mediterranean
00:18:28ecosystems where it is more flammable, in fact, I would say there is a
00:18:32kind of fatality when there is less water, the wood is drier
00:18:35and so what is... adapted to drier and warmer
00:18:39climates burns better, but I would like to come back to the
00:18:42past of Les Landes because you know, it's something that has been completely forgotten, you know that Les
00:18:46Landes was a swamp with shepherds on stilts grazing
00:18:50sheep in the 19th century, and then this
00:18:53forest was planted which would pump water and lower the water
00:18:56table, we also drained, and somehow
00:18:59it's the history of Les Landes, it's the history of the destruction of a wetland
00:19:03that becomes a forest that can burn, that means that
00:19:07tomorrow we may need to plug these drains, we may need to have
00:19:11less forest so that the water table rises and have an
00:19:14ecosystem that is more resilient to fire, I mean that the forest that
00:19:17burns and which is a monoculture of pine, look at these images, it's finally
00:19:21made to burn, it's a creation
00:19:24of man and that also means positively that man can create
00:19:28tomorrow landscapes where water is more retained and
00:19:32where species, well, certainly they may burn more but the
00:19:35landscape is organized so that the fires spread less.
00:19:38So how, in what
00:19:41way
00:19:44have these fires impacted
00:19:47the life of the soils because you have worked a lot on the ecosystems of what happens
00:19:50under our feet, can we
00:19:53hope that it will recover quickly or
00:19:57not? Well,
00:20:00there are three components: there are plants, well, they are burned, there is no one asking the question, the animals that could escape, you know they are
00:20:04not saved because they arrive in a place where there are other animals with whom they will compete,
00:20:07there will be deaths, there will not be enough food for everyone, and then at
00:20:11the soil level, especially when we see clearly
00:20:15in these images that the soil has burned, because sometimes only the surface burns, but
00:20:18when the litter, the organic matter of the soil has burned, it already releases nitrogen,
00:20:22it kills a lot of soil microbes that are vital for plants and
00:20:26it delays the recovery of life in the
00:20:30soils, so it will return, the real problem is
00:20:33that we must absolutely avoid the repetition of fires and then we
00:20:37must also understand that these episodes are coupled with
00:20:40pollution by pesticides by microplastics
00:20:44and these are things that ultimately mean that the life of the soils
00:20:47is confronted with several pressures at the same time, each one is
00:20:51not that serious, but the cocktail is deadly, and if I may say so,
00:20:55all these are details, these are really details, the real
00:20:59problem is that the climate is changing, these are greenhouse
00:21:02gas emissions, because we can try
00:21:06to adapt, if it is to adapt to a climate in 10
00:21:09years that will have changed in the meantime, it will be
00:21:13pointless, I mean when there is a flood at your home, you don't start by
00:21:16mopping up before plugging the hole, plug the hole, greenhouse gas
00:21:20emissions are the mother of all battles, yet our
00:21:24governments are doing the opposite, today in
00:21:27Europe there are setbacks on the legislation, on imported
00:21:30deforestation that should normally prevent, but it has not been voted, to import
00:21:34wood that deforests, that is to say that destroys without there being
00:21:37forest regeneration, places that are carbon sinks, we
00:21:41are easing carbon quotas for European companies under the pretext
00:21:45of increasing their competitiveness, in fact we are
00:21:48digging our own grave and the presumption of fires,
00:21:52excuse me, it's not the water bombers, it's not the species
00:21:54we plant, it's fighting greenhouse
00:21:58gases urgently, urgently,
00:22:01by modifying also
00:22:04the agricultural sectors in what way?
00:22:07Well, yes, you're
00:22:10right that in the short term, we'll have to adapt, but once again, let's not
00:22:14separate adaptation from solving the causes. So the agricultural
00:22:18sectors are indeed affected, farmers have a lot of problems, even livestock
00:22:22farmers have lost between 3 and 5% of poultry
00:22:27because the animals died of heat in the sheds, so there are
00:22:31big problems and we need to adapt our sectors. So, if you like, scientists
00:22:35here, and ecologists in particular, are not just burdens, we don't just say
00:22:38it's horrible, we also propose solutions. There are
00:22:42new crops, pistachio in the south of France, guayule, which is a plant that
00:22:45produces latex and can replace rubber with fewer ecological
00:22:49impacts. There are plants that can be adapted to extreme
00:22:53drought in certain parts of southern France, and there are actually
00:22:56solutions everywhere, but what we need is to change. For example, maize
00:23:00requires too much water in many regions, it should be replaced by sorghum, and
00:23:03we need to do that quickly, why? Because we also
00:23:07need to change the downstream sectors, it's not just about planting
00:23:10something else, we need an outlet, and that's where we see that there's a lack
00:23:14of anticipation among governments of all countries, by the way, it's not just a French
00:23:17problem, it's that we need to closely accompany the evolution of
00:23:21sectors and especially not fight to continue doing as we always have. forward by digging
00:23:24basins, by diverting water that can be used for nuclear
00:23:27power plants or to supply water courses to
00:23:30agriculture, we absolutely must adapt our sectors because tomorrow what grew
00:23:34yesterday will no longer grow, that's for sure, the only thing
00:23:37that's not yet sure is whether what will grow tomorrow will grow
00:23:41or not, that depends on how we act on climate change, Marc, in a word this
00:23:44week Sébastien Lecornu, the French
00:23:47Prime Minister, launched a mission. reconstruction and adaptation of
00:23:51territories, objective to pilot the reconstruction of affected
00:23:55areas, is this a good response, what do you
00:23:58expect from it?
00:24:01So it's like when Emmanuel Macron talked about rebuilding the Fontainebleau forest, I
00:24:05agree, it's necessary, but we must do it in consultation and finally listen to
00:24:08scientists, which we don't do at all when he talks, for example, about pesticides or fire
00:24:12prevention, we need to listen to scientists and each
00:24:16territory must be the subject of a consultation so that we don't impose
00:24:19what the agriculture, the landscape,
00:24:23the forest of tomorrow will be, but that it is built in consultation,
00:24:26it is urgent to build society because in the case of water, for example, we can clearly see that
00:24:30conflicts are beginning to emerge. Thank you very much, Marc-André Sélosse,
00:24:34I remind you that you are a biologist, mycologist, professor at
00:24:37the National Museum of Natural History, the title of
00:24:40your latest book, De la biodiversité comme un
00:24:44humanisme, published by Éditions du Seuil, thank you for answering our
00:24:47questions, we will conclude with this...
00:24:50France 24 exclusive, an investigation to discover
00:24:53on our website france24.com. Jessica Lemasurier
00:24:57was able to consult an audit conducted by the UN last year, a document
00:25:01which reveals the
00:25:03organization's concerns regarding the use of biometric
00:25:06data from the World Food Programme by Palantir
00:25:09uh the UN would nevertheless be about to
00:25:13renew its contract with Palantir uh to read on
00:25:16France24.com as I told you, this is the end of this newscast. Thank you for watching,
00:25:20stay with us, the news continues on France
00:25:2324.
00:25:29The economy is at the heart of our lives, you want to know the right
00:25:32things to do to protect our planet, encourage consumers to resell
00:25:36their products that are lying in a drawer and serving no purpose, the economy is on the front lines
00:25:40to stop the damage, come and meet those who are creating new
00:25:44ways of producing and consuming, they will be with me in
00:25:47Plan B, the economy otherwise. managed to
00:25:50make this plastic without using a petrochemical
00:25:54polymer, their ideas will help us act, there is no
00:25:58planet B, but there are plans B and that's every week on France 24.
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00:26:46Watch the weather with Tramier, an extra virgin olive
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00:29:08France 24, the economy daily,
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00:30:05You are indeed on France 24, thank you for being with us, Paris direct continues, here are the
00:30:09headlines for this Saturday: new strike in Ukraine, once
00:30:13again, Kyiv, the capital, was targeted by Russian ballistic
00:30:17missiles, three dead. On the diplomatic front, Volodymyr
00:30:20Zelensky went to Serbia to try, he said, to
00:30:24detach Belgrade from Russia's camp.
00:30:28Icy relations between Spain and Italy after the migratory
00:30:31crisis. From Ceuta, Rome has decided to re-establish border
00:30:35controls between the two countries and in retaliation, Madrid has decided to
00:30:38do the same starting tonight at midnight. The Sanchez government
00:30:42denounces an attack on the principle of free movement in the Schengen
00:30:46area. Drones, new
00:30:50weapons from Turkey to fight forest fires, France 24
00:30:53report to follow which shows the effectiveness of these flying
00:30:57machines in detecting fires as early as possible.