Google Cloud Speech-to-Text API (Chirp) + Gemini 2.5 Flash Non-Thinking. Treat it as a searchable index of what was broadcast, not a quotation record.
00:00:00that they are possibly acting in good faith
00:00:01the main leading laboratories to or are they fueling a kind of fear marketing?
00:00:05And all of this, well, it's up to us to be vigilant somewhere. This
00:00:08fear marketing, as has been said previously, is something that
00:00:12can be favorable at a given time, which is
00:00:15precisely the one we are currently experiencing in the generative artificial intelligence markets.
00:00:19That is to say, when the actors move from what
00:00:23we call an emerging market phase to enter a growth phase, and where it is a matter
00:00:27of securing the investments that have been made in this
00:00:30sector in order to be able to appear sustainably as
00:00:34actors who are capable of dominating the competition and eliminating the
00:00:37others. Then very often we see actors
00:00:42different logic of AI in these markets calling for more regulation and very often they have to resort to
00:00:44fear marketing by saying somewhere regulate me because
00:00:48if you don't regulate me we will face
00:00:51big catastrophes and obviously when they take this
00:00:54approach with the
00:00:56speech, her State of the Union speech, regulator they try to incite the regulator to put in place
00:01:00mechanisms that are favorable to the technology, to the standardization of the
00:01:03technology on which they have bet a lot and when we know that
00:01:07today indeed there is a big competition on two very different visions
00:01:11both technologically and ultimately on what can be done with
00:01:14artificial intelligence between what is the taste between two imperialist blocs, which is the American
00:01:18bloc on one side and the Chinese bloc on the other
00:01:21hand, who have made different technological choices and who consider very
00:01:25differently because at the American level we are really on
00:01:29the edge of... border where at the Chinese level we are
00:01:32more on it as a kind of common good and well if I put
00:01:36in place a regulation that is favorable to my technological
00:01:39choices, not only do I protect myself but I also
00:01:44the phenomenal amount of exclude de facto actors who have made other technological choices and notably the Chinese
00:01:47IPO at this point in actors, so indeed this fear marketing can be
00:01:50savagely used for this purpose. These are therefore giants who pretend to be afraid
00:01:54because they know how to pilot drones with to call for tailor-made regulation
00:01:57to block any form of competition. Well,
00:02:00personally, I don't agree with this interpretation. Both
00:02:04Dario Amodey, the CEO of Anthropic
00:02:07and Sam Altman, the one from Open, had
00:02:11mentioned years before founding their current company that the
00:02:15greatest danger humanity faced was the development of AI and
00:02:18uh when we talk about
00:02:23that artificial intelligence when we talk about these developments uh I don't think it really
00:02:26makes sense for them to slow down. Anthropic is the company that...
00:02:30in the history of capitalism has grown the fastest, they have grown from
00:02:33a revenue of 10 billion at the beginning of the year to 60 billion, it's unprecedented, but it took
00:02:37years and years to do the equivalent, so I don't think they
00:02:41have an interest in slowing down their
00:02:43growth. He says
00:02:46precisely
00:02:48they pretend to want to stop and ask for tailor-made regulation
00:02:51for but if it slows them down it slows down growth
00:02:57no, I'm sorry, excuse me, but I wanted to tell you anyway that I'm afraid. But I'm not afraid of
00:03:00AI, I'm afraid of what Mrs. von der Leyen declared, we'll come to Mrs.
00:03:04von der, that's in the 3rd part, I'm afraid that we don't have AI in Europe and I think
00:03:08that's what they are doing today, keeping our heads underwater by installing a
00:03:12governance piloted by the United States which will hinder the
00:03:15development of AI in other countries of the world and by the way, it's we can draw a parallel with
00:03:18sustainable development, for a long time the developed countries kept the heads of
00:03:22underdeveloped countries underwater with environmental
00:03:25regulations and the countries of the south said but let us grow, it's a
00:03:29debate we've seen... for almost 30 years and well we're going to witness the same debate today, except that today the
00:03:33underdeveloped countries in terms of AI are us and so I think the real subject
00:03:36of this debate is not American because we are talking about an
00:03:40economic and political debate in the United States, it is a global
00:03:43debate on global governance, perhaps tomorrow we need to
00:03:46imagine for AI and certainly not American. No,
00:03:50it's good for you to react, yes, but in the end,
00:03:53uh, you never talk about the people, about the citizens who watch this. I started
00:03:57with that, I talked about techno-shock, I talked about civilization.
00:04:00Excuse me, I think the real subject, however, is
00:04:03how we are going to protect people and make them more intelligent in the face of these machines, we must
00:04:07educate, who talked about education there, no one, we talked about regulation.
00:04:11I think we have a card to play anyway, because the Chinese and the Americans
00:04:14slow down and somehow don't agree on what needs to be done, it's a cold
00:04:18war and we will need counter-powers, we will need people capable
00:04:21of evaluating and having AI tools perhaps for
00:04:24security, before perhaps talking about this clash between China and the United States and
00:04:29behind, most of the then about Europe. Sam Altman proposes a system for reporting incidents inspired by
00:04:32aviation with
00:04:34Wednesday in her State of the Union mechanisms comparable to those of
00:04:36voilà, agents who are supposed to verify this in the
00:04:40United States, is it the right way? It's a good way, but it must
00:04:43be external people because they themselves said at the same time
00:04:47West, China has about yes that he proposed their own
00:04:50tool. From the beginning I've been ethical, excuse me, you
00:04:54are completely naive, madam, the public affairs and communications departments
00:04:58of these companies employ thousands
00:05:00of people, among the best lawyers in the world, the best
00:05:02paid.
00:05:06I think that this regulation that is proposed
00:05:09warning, AI has an enormous part of factualism in this approach. I think this regulation is
00:05:13useful, that's what perhaps differentiates us, not if it comes from them, but
00:05:17that's what I'm saying too, we must not let, however,
00:05:20we must not let the Americans propose their own
00:05:23regulation, otherwise what do they do, the tools, the regulation and the insurance,
00:05:27they will manage everything, so that's certainly not what should be done, they have China opposite them who disagrees
00:05:31who will fight against them, that's where we perhaps have a role to play, saying attention, we need
00:05:35an outsider, they asked for outsiders,
00:05:38the Americans proposed, Altman and Dario asked
00:05:44exactly and the problem they have is that currently the administration is completely
00:05:47anti-regulation and I will propose a summary point between my two
00:05:51colleagues which is that I completely agree that the subject of Europe is
00:05:55extremely important, Europe must accelerate and the reason why Europe does not appear
00:05:58in the speeches of Dar mode of Samman is that Europe currently
00:06:02is years behind, we will
00:06:05talk about it, it's simply not finished, but Europe has a regulation, absolutely, but don't
00:06:08worry, we will talk about it, we have time to talk about it, I just want to tell you that
00:06:12artificial intelligence also feeds an immense
00:06:16financial speculation, valuations are soaring, investments are
00:06:20multiplying, announcements are coming one after another, OpenAI
00:06:23also announced last weekend that it had postponed its
00:06:26IPO, Julien Pillaot, was the
00:06:30moment
00:06:31ill-chosen?
00:06:35Is there a good time to launch an IPO? If
00:06:39we knew, if we could demonstrate it scientifically.
00:06:43Uh, the fact remains that indeed at OpenAI today there is still a problem
00:06:46which is that they cannot demonstrate the profitability of their
00:06:50models, while Anthropic has managed to reach this profitability
00:06:53threshold in the last two quarters, so
00:06:57launching an
00:07:00history when you have your main competitor
00:07:03today who is preparing his IPO
00:07:06at an interval and who, he exact, can have an
00:07:09IPO, thank you Karina for correcting me. Uh,
00:07:13but he, well, has fundamentals that seem, from the investors'
00:07:16point of view, perhaps a little more solid, this would be a little bit subsidiary and
00:07:20so OpenAI made the decision, it seems to me, quite
00:07:24reasonable to postpone this IPO to a little later
00:07:27in order to perhaps make up for its delay on the path to profitability. Nevertheless,
00:07:31the investments
00:07:35companies, and especially what we call the Magnificent Seven,
00:07:39these are the seven biggest American artificial intelligence companies, continue
00:07:43to increase year after year to reach dizzying amounts. We will
00:07:46probably be at the end of 2026 at more than
00:07:49750 billion of cumulative investments in artificial intelligence in
00:07:53infrastructure and model training, it's
00:07:56colossal and it can outline the contours of a bubble about
00:08:00which we can ask ourselves whether it can burst or whether it will perhaps deflate in the coming months
00:08:04or years and what is your diagnosis on that? Will this bubble burst
00:08:08Julien Piot?
00:08:10There, similarly, if I were tomorrow that would be and
00:08:14probably I would take stock market orders that would allow me to bet
00:08:18on the future that I do not know, but no
00:08:21no, joking aside, obviously, uh, my
00:08:24current diagnosis is that there are obviously
00:08:28risk factors for the bursting of the bubble and notably the lack of profitability of many
00:08:32models among actors who are specialized in generative artificial intelligence who have
00:08:35difficulty making their models profitable, but there are also factors
00:08:38that make this bubble quite robust
00:08:42in fact to be able to somehow resist for a certain time and
00:08:46among these factors there is one that I particularly follow which
00:08:49is the circularity of investments in artificial
00:08:53intelligence. Behind this somewhat technical term, what is there? There is the idea that
00:08:56all these major artificial intelligence actors are all
00:09:00interdependent because they all have either stakes in the
00:09:03companies or cross-investments with the
00:09:06companies or supplier-customer partnerships with the
00:09:10companies and so there we could see actors like
00:09:14Google, like Microsoft, like OpenAI, like Nvidia, as being
00:09:17competitors, in truth, they are rather competitors, these
00:09:21are companies that compete on certain market segments, but in
00:09:25truth they are all jointly engaged in a kind of community of
00:09:28destiny, because they have cross-investments, and these
00:09:32companies, which are the ones that have the most interest in artificial
00:09:35intelligence becoming profitable and sustainably profitable, are also
00:09:39the ones that are most interested today in the valuations of the companies they
00:09:43own also increasing, so for the bubble to deflate, these actors
00:09:47would ultimately, somehow, no longer believe in it themselves, and there is
00:09:50little chance of that. This
00:09:53interdependence is very improbable, do you agree? It prevents
00:09:56the bursting of this bubble. It sells these chips to
00:10:00people who make models, so they have to make models to buy the chips, basically it's a loop like
00:10:03that. On the other hand, for the gold rush, it was those who made the picks and shovels who won,
00:10:07so Nvidia will always win, the others will pass and now
00:10:11they have reached a size that... too big to fail, as they say, what we said
00:10:14at the time of the subprime, of the real estate loans, the bubble had
00:10:18burst at the time, if they burst there, it's the whole American economy
00:10:21that collapses, the 2 % of American growth. Two of the
00:10:25percent of American growth are the data centers invested in the
00:10:29United States, there are still two points on which I wanted to draw your attention, I agree with what has just been
00:10:33said, the first is the extraordinary hubris of these bosses, they have
00:10:36created brilliant companies in a very short time from nothing, that incites a form of
00:10:40madness I think, in any case a surpassing of oneself and it's quite human, I can
00:10:44understand it and it has been seen in the history of economics a thousand times from Rockefeller
00:10:47to uh Steve Jobs, well there you go. And the
00:10:51second point is that the two phenomena that were predicted to us in 2022,
00:10:55massive job destruction and productivity gains that were supposed to
00:10:58happen very early for jobs and a little more recently for
00:11:02productivity, did not happen. So what major groups observe, we can
00:11:06think so, but for now no, what major groups who are clients of these AI solutions
00:11:10and notably of those from Anthropic observe is that they haven't, they have pilot projects, they have tested
00:11:14deployments, they have created new products but they have not had the expected
00:11:17productivity gains. This I think is a major parameter, this
00:11:21might change with robotics that is advancing full throttle. I have done a lot of
00:11:24robotics. Affective, social, etc., the Chinese show great
00:11:28strength, you see people on TikTok folding laundry or doing
00:11:31sewing machine robots, there are robots that will replace workers, that's where
00:11:35the blue-collar school will build them for textiles for example and it's in India and
00:11:39China, they will have a flood, we are talking about 70% at the world forum,
00:11:43but for how long, how long will it take to have a few
00:11:46years, by then the bubble, by
00:11:49then you no longer have, you have a bubble necessarily in the middle because these investments. except
00:11:53that there is a moment of market clarification before the arrival of robotics, that's
00:11:57it, that's my feeling. but you want
00:11:59to react?
00:12:01No, indeed, just to add a small
00:12:04nuance to what has just been said, do we realize
00:12:09capital needed, of materials needed and energy needed to
00:12:12replace all human labor, blue-collar or white-collar, with
00:12:16machines? So indeed, at some point, there will still be conflicts
00:12:19of use that will appear and will slow down
00:12:22the progression of this phenomenon that
00:12:25has been described, that's it. To what extent will it
00:12:28slow down? The story remains to be written, but it's true that there are always forces that pull
00:12:31back, and those who predicted the
00:12:34replacement of one in two workers just
00:12:383 years ago when generative intelligence appeared in
00:12:42certain sectors today can look back at their words and say, "Well,
00:12:45in truth, it didn't work as expected," simply because
00:12:49the productivity gains weren't there, because there are forces pulling back in the market that make it
00:12:53not necessarily possible, and because it turned out to be much more expensive than we
00:12:57thought in use, or there's more to it than that, because we're not going to replace tasks,
00:13:01so we saw very well, for example, with Geoffrey Hinton, a Turing
00:13:04Award winner, who said 6 years ago, a mathematics prize in
00:13:08physics, in physics perhaps, to clarify, because the Turing Award
00:13:12is a computer science award, but there is also the Nobel Prize in
00:13:14physics, and he had predicted 10 years ago, in
00:13:182016, that radiologists would disappear from the planet because
00:13:21we knew how to detect early cancers on X-rays.
00:13:25However, the opposite happened, not at all, there is even a shortage of
00:13:29radiologists in the United States, it is a profession where they have been able to use these
00:13:33tools in their expertise, because it was just a task,
00:13:36it was reading X-rays, but when you are a radiologist, you welcome
00:13:39patients, evaluate what the machine says, whether it is correct or not, re-examine
00:13:43other images and so it is much more and it is perhaps 1/5th
00:13:47of their profession and so in the profession it will be necessary to understand for everything that
00:13:51concerns everything that is about white-collar and gray-collar.
00:13:55It will be necessary to understand the limit well, that is, not to replace
00:13:58humans because we need humans in the loop and not just for security
00:14:01problems, and that is the human-machine relationship
00:14:05and I think we don't work enough on that, in any case, it's said and thank you for this clarification,
00:14:09meanwhile, Donald Trump, he wants to continue, he wants the
00:14:13United States, as you said earlier, to maintain its lead.
00:14:17Uh, can American AI giants really slow
00:14:20down in this competition, notably
00:14:23uh with China?
00:14:26One, there are two problems from the point of view of companies, there is a legal
00:14:30problem that companies in the United States
00:14:33are subject to antitrust laws which are
00:14:36anti-competition laws that mean they cannot
00:14:40voluntarily and legally decide to coordinate to
00:14:44slow down, that's why they asked for American intervention, and then there is
00:14:47obviously the subject of China. The subject of
00:14:50China is delicate because China has extremely high engineering
00:14:53skills and very great manufacturing
00:14:57skills, but China still has two very
00:15:00big disadvantages, the first is that of export
00:15:04controls, namely that the computing units called
00:15:07GPUs that are mostly developed in the
00:15:1220 times less if we count in performance than the
00:15:15United States, and so they are still playing with a very very big disadvantage and
00:15:19the second is that China currently is a little bit
00:15:22uh the image that... I like to keep in mind is
00:15:26the United States is the tow truck and China is the car
00:15:29behind, in the sense that it is much easier
00:15:32to develop models by copying a little
00:15:35bit, by challenging. Not being a leader exactly, using existing
00:15:39models to develop a model that is
00:15:42similar, it comes from a mechanism called distillation, which is the
00:15:45training of a model on the results
00:15:49of another model, so you use the results of ChatGPT to train a model
00:15:53that approaches this competence, I think what
00:15:57you say is very true, but we need to put it simply, uh, it's a
00:16:00race for AI between China and the
00:16:03United States, Europe does not exist. Mensch also says not
00:16:06to. Here, we are talking about
00:16:08China. China absolutely wants to win this
00:16:12battle, it is determined to do it with open source models
00:16:16that paralyze the Americans because it is a
00:16:19distribution, that's what it is, which is very
00:16:23aggressive, uh, they have a different way of functioning, they
00:16:26do not have this scrutiny from the media and markets
00:16:29on their developments, they can offer AI free of charge to allied
00:16:33countries, thus forming coalitions, uh, so I think it's a battle, uh,
00:16:37uh, I want to say definitive and ultimate, because if there's one
00:16:41use of AI that doesn't suffer from dispute, it's war. Today,
00:16:44Thales has just announced that it is releasing a competing system to Palantir's
00:16:48for massive targeting of targets, so to go from 100 targets to 100
00:16:52targeted targets in a day, that's what Palantir allows the
00:16:56American army today. NATO has just become a client of Palantir. The question tomorrow is
00:17:00who will have the best weapon systems to pilot their drones, their planes,
00:17:04etc. So it's a battle to the death, I want to say, between the two blocs. It's a
00:17:07cold war, you have a very small problem too anyway, which is that open source allows for
00:17:11enormous criminality. So not only will it
00:17:14help with war and they will beat everyone and China, that
00:17:18gives the information because you can do anything with that. There are even
00:17:22now warriors, whether they are in Russia or Ukraine, who sell
00:17:26themselves for a lot of money in Mexico to go help drug cartels
00:17:31AI. We will find that everywhere in the hot spots of the planet
00:17:35with mercenaries capable of piloting that. So all the hackers,
00:17:39really, by leaving these objects open, I think we are creating
00:17:42a serious problem and China will have this problem.
00:17:46If Donald Trump and Xi Jinping are to meet at the end of the
00:17:49month, we imagine that artificial intelligence should
00:17:53be on the agenda of their discussion. What can we expect from this face-to-face?
00:17:56What is delicate is that on Trump's side he announced very
00:18:00clearly that he really didn't want
00:18:03to slow down AI so
00:18:06he will probably... try to do as
00:18:09little as possible. Uh on the Chinese side too, they
00:18:12think for them it's an, as my
00:18:16colleague said, it's existential and if
00:18:18Anthropic or OpenAI are first, they see it as an existential
00:18:22threat to their national sovereignty and therefore
00:18:25uh my hope is that there will be
00:18:28discussions on these issues of potentially
00:18:31slightly slowing down the development but I don't expect as much from
00:18:35it quickly. There are signs that show that the
00:18:39Chinese president is adopting the verbiage of Anthropic and so on, saying
00:18:43that he would like to have external
00:18:46committees to verify what AI is doing, which is still
00:18:49a sign of listening. Julien Pillot, I hear you
00:18:53react very briefly, please. Briefly, no, but today there is little
00:18:56reason to think that
00:19:00investments and the AI race can slow down when you have two imperialist
00:19:03blocs clashing like the United States and China.
00:19:07Simply because it outlines the game of a prisoner's dilemma where
00:19:11neither has an interest in slowing down if they are not certain that
00:19:14the other will also slow down, at the risk of shooting themselves in the
00:19:18foot, and where there is a second phenomenon that is added on top, called the tragedy
00:19:22of horizons, that is to say that currently, and it has been
00:19:25said earlier, investments in AI support
00:19:28American growth and to a lesser extent Chinese growth, so these are
00:19:32important and short-term gains that are certain and the risks that
00:19:36exist are more distant, vague,
00:19:39uncertain, so when you combine these two reasons,
00:19:43there is little hope that the states, whether they are
00:19:46the United States or China, will ask their AI champions to
00:19:52stop the fun, but it's very important that they talk about it and we start a debate
00:19:56on it, because Europe has something to play in this
00:19:59diplomacy between these two great states that do not want to
00:20:02regulate. So, precisely, Europe, as we said, is
00:20:06AI models are... designed by the United States and China,
00:20:11address, the President of the European Commission once again insisted on
00:20:15the regulation of artificial intelligence,
00:20:17listen:
00:20:21the AI Act is of course a crucial element for putting in place
00:20:25safeguards, and it puts Europe in a position to shape global
00:20:28efforts to address this challenge. We will therefore
00:20:32intensify our efforts alongside our like-minded partners such
00:20:35as Canada, the United Kingdom,
00:20:38and others. We want to join forces on
00:20:42model evaluation, verification, early
00:20:47security, and much more, and I would invite
00:20:51discuss how we can support current industry efforts
00:20:55to moderate the race for
00:20:57innovation,
00:21:02so everyone wants to react very briefly, no I find these comments
00:21:04inadmissible,
00:21:07she represents us, she is Europe, she should say exactly the opposite, she should
00:21:11say our regulations have not worked, the AI Act has been half
00:21:14applied, there is a consensus to say that today it is no longer relevant, it has
00:21:1811 directives and 50 rules. the European Union on AI and data protection,
00:21:21of which a good half are obsolete and the other half are blocking our businesses
00:21:25on the ground, she should say: my God, let's catch up, and then she tells us
00:21:29we need to slow down because maybe it presents a risk,
00:21:32honestly, I find that the call for regulation and
00:21:36caution and deceleration and countering with the
00:21:39countries that shared our values, she didn't say we were decelerating I think, she said we need to
00:21:43curb the development of AI, it's in her
00:21:46but she has no power over what others decide to do. We
00:21:50can distinguish two elements, which are the frontier and Europe, Europe is so far behind the
00:21:53frontier that indeed we need to accelerate the 600 billion in capital, I don't know
00:21:57how much it is but it's 10 billion maybe, and so Europe clearly needs to
00:22:00accelerate but also I think that we need a
00:22:04discourse and at the same time where
00:22:07we both move forward, we accelerate in Europe, we make
00:22:10better laws on what allows us to
00:22:13build data centers, so for example
00:22:16permitting, building permits, etc.
00:22:20we allow financial engineering similar to what has been done in the
00:22:24United States and at the same time we need to have an appropriate discourse on
00:22:28the risks on the frontier and on regulation. Laurence de Viller, is Europe
00:22:32in a position to shape global regulatory efforts, can
00:22:36we regulate a technology that we don't produce for now, no we don't know
00:22:40how to do it, we need research and research is the poor relative, so the economy wants to play
00:22:43all by itself, the day when AI will be even smarter and no one will be able to
00:22:47know what is really happening, we will be well advanced. We need measures for
00:22:51evaluation, for example I have PhD students who work on benchmarks,
00:22:54these are test sets and on which
00:22:58we test AI and often it has already ingested it,
00:23:01so when it answers it's not by reasoning but it's by copy-pasting in its memory somewhere,
00:23:04so we need measures everywhere to effectively
00:23:08find where the real pitfalls are and manage to
00:23:12evaluate correctly, we need audits, we need insurers and it shouldn't
00:23:15only be the United States doing this and that we are also in the loop. Julien
00:23:19Pilot, does Europe impose its standards on the rest of the world as it
00:23:22did for example with data
00:23:24protection?
00:23:28In the case of AI, it will be complicated because indeed, to be able to impose what
00:23:32is called a "Brussels effect", that is to say to impose normative power on the rest
00:23:35of the world, two things are needed: a market that is absolutely essential
00:23:39for us to use the depth of this
00:23:42market to pressure foreign actors to adopt the standards
00:23:46and comply with the notes, we are still a little bit and then also we need to...
00:23:50see beyond beautiful laws, beautiful rules, the ability to enforce them by
00:23:53engaging in a power struggle with the most powerful states and/or companies
00:23:57of the states in question, and these last few years have rather shown some signs
00:24:00of weakness at this level because in fact we are extremely dependent on what
00:24:04the states or companies we are talking about can provide us elsewhere, if only
00:24:08to think of Starlink today which has become absolutely essential on the Ukrainian
00:24:12front line, well that somewhat slows down the desires we
00:24:16might have regarding Elon Musk on certain matters and
00:24:19certain. compliance issues that certain matters could have, especially regarding
00:24:22the DSA for X, so here we are, today we are a bit in a weak situation
00:24:26because our dependency schemes are such technologically that we are afraid
00:24:30in truth to follow what is called a kill switch, that is, that
00:24:33foreign actors deprive us of access to
00:24:36certain services that have become absolutely essential for us, yes in our
00:24:40daily lives, listen, that will be the last word, thank you very much to all four of you,
00:24:44Laurence Devillaire, professor in artificial intelligence and ethics at the Sorbonne, Julien
00:24:48Pilot, you were remotely. researcher at linesc
00:24:52Edouard Filali, co-founder and CEO of Jean, communication agency and
00:24:56digital strategy specialist, Simeon Campos,
00:24:59you are an entrepreneur in AI, thank you for following us,
00:25:03the news continues on France 24.
00:29:33They are Kurdish people who live between fear and uncertainty,
00:29:36waiting for
00:29:38the unknown.
00:29:41has been organized to give them clothes.
00:30:07It's 1 p.m. in Paris, welcome, we are together until 2 p.m., you
00:30:11are watching Paris Direct, I had a doubt, we will talk about Germany in
00:30:14this edition, two regions are voting today, the stakes are such that the Chancellor
00:30:18canceled his departure for New York, he called an emergency
00:30:21meeting, the AFD could make new gains after its
00:30:24victory in Saxony, even if the far left is very mobilized in
00:30:28Berlin. Facing the latest developments in Yemen, Donald Trump
00:30:31cut short his weekend. The Houthis are increasing pressure on Saudi Arabia and
00:30:35are advancing eastward, how far do they want to go, what is the kingdom's
00:30:38ability to stem their advance, we will discuss this with David
00:30:42Rigolet Rose who will be with us in a
00:30:44moment.
00:30:46It's effervescence in Paris and not only, 5 days before the Pope's
00:30:50arrival, the enthusiasm is strong, it was necessary to extend the security perimeter for
00:30:53the open-air mass that will be celebrated on the Place de la Concorde,
00:30:5760,000 people are expected.