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00:00:07It's 9:30 PM in Paris and it's now time to dine with
00:00:11François
00:00:11Hepp,
00:00:19this is our new column dedicated to gastronomy. Good evening François,
00:00:22good evening Marion, you are a journalist on France 24, a connoisseur of
00:00:26gourmet cuisine and regularly you will visit us
00:00:30on Saturday evenings to present the different players in this field,
00:00:34tonight, your guest is Blandine de Briller Manoncourt,
00:00:37co-owner of Château Fijac in Saint-Émilion in Gironde, good evening to you
00:00:42the technical managers, and welcome, good evening, good evening Blandine, so first we're going
00:00:44to locate where Château Fijac is,
00:00:48so it's in Saint-Émilion in Gironde, we're going to, I've prepared a
00:00:51small identity card of the
00:00:54Courant. Removed from château so that we can understand a bit what it is about,
00:00:57so the appellation is a Saint-Émilion Grand Cru. in the
00:01:00Libournais wine region, we'll come back to that in a few moments, Marion, the classification and the
00:01:04first Grand Cru Classé A since 2022, the
00:01:08planted area of 41 hectares of vines on 54
00:01:12hectares belonging to the total estate, and the volume produced,
00:01:16we are between approximately 100-12500 bottles per
00:01:19year. We ask a first question, what is the specificity of Château
00:01:23Fijac? So the specificity of Château
00:01:27Fijac is that it is a property that is perhaps large. and
00:01:30family-owned, that becomes a specificity, and then
00:01:34it has characteristics
00:01:37that give it its personality,
00:01:40which are the gravel soil, which are
00:01:43pebbles, quartz, flint,
00:01:47arranged in three gravel hills,
00:01:51the case of so like three piles of stones brought by a river and underneath, you have blue clay and
00:01:55then the other specificity for
00:01:59me would be
00:02:01history. the grape varieties, only 30% Merlot
00:02:03and 35% Cabernet Sauvignon and 35%
00:02:07Cabernet Franc, this balance is
00:02:10unique, yes, so you were talking about the
00:02:14Libournais wine region, so there's a map, we'll be able to understand a bit
00:02:18better what that entails, Marion, the
00:02:21wine region in Bordeaux, there's the left bank which is located west of the Garonne
00:02:25are right, welcome to your African and the Gironde, characterized by the Médoc, the Graves, you were
00:02:28talking about them, and the Sauternes. the right bank to the north and east of the Dordogne in
00:02:32Gironde with the Libournais like Château Fijac, the Blaye
00:02:36or the Bourge and then the Entre-Deux-Mers between the Garonne and the Dordogne
00:02:39with mainly white wine. We're going to ask another
00:02:43essential question for this column, Blandine, that many people ask, what
00:02:46is a good wine?
00:02:49It's a wine you love, it's a wine that is
00:02:52euh that isn't
00:02:56disguised, in short,
00:02:59it's well made, well made and
00:03:03above all it's the one you love, so it can be good for
00:03:06different people, I mean, there are so many kinds of
00:03:10wine, and if I talk about organic wine, is that something that ruffles your feathers or
00:03:13do you attach importance to it? Oh yes,
00:03:17organic wines are good. So, at
00:03:21Château Pijac, we are not organically
00:03:24certified, but environmental
00:03:27concern is constant. However,
00:03:30we don't want to be confined to a set of specifications
00:03:34with which, on
00:03:37some points, we are not necessarily in agreement,
00:03:41and then, we will instead make every
00:03:46perished. The causes of possible effort to be virtuous, if we can say so.
00:03:49So, we will work
00:03:5295% organically, and
00:03:56then there are 5% which will be, for example, biocontrol.
00:04:00Or products that are organic in
00:04:03Germany and not in France. If you're here tonight,
00:04:06it's also because your domain obtained three Michelin "grapes" at the
00:04:10beginning of the month. First of all, congratulations and François,
00:04:14remind us what these famous Michelin "grapes" are. Absolutely, this is
00:04:17the reason for Blandine's invitation, not only because
00:04:20the grape harvest is ending, we'll talk about that in a few moments, but there was
00:04:24this Michelin Guide ceremony that awarded the grapes to the
00:04:27wine estates in Bordeaux. Last September 7th at the Cité du Vin in Bordeaux,
00:04:3083 estates were distinguished in the following way:
00:04:34nine châteaux were awarded the Holy Grail, including
00:04:37Château Filjac, congratulations also, as Marion said, 16 châteaux obtained
00:04:41two grapes, 37 one grape, and
00:04:4521 châteaux were selected
00:04:48during this ceremony. You
00:04:52en route, according to the aviation spoke, and something struck me and I found it very
00:04:55powerful: you emphasized the importance of not being stuck in time, of serving
00:04:59properties, and of being agile. According to you,
00:05:02can you explain what it means to be agile in the wine world? To be
00:05:06agile, I think in my mind, it's about
00:05:10Category" published by being able to adapt very quickly to situations. A small
00:05:13example, we had our first day
00:05:17of harvest on August 25th this year, and we had to be super
00:05:21agile to find
00:05:2330 people overnight that we
00:05:27needed for the 25th, even though
00:05:30everything was organized to start around September
00:05:331st. Yes, because the harvest, when do you decide
00:05:37it? Is there a day when you say, "Now's the time, let's go!" and
00:05:40we have the teams?
00:05:42Which we didn't have, as you said. So, it's decided by
00:05:46tasting, meaning we have teams
00:05:49of people who are a bit technical, and then
00:05:54of the company who will tour the vineyard
00:05:58and taste. It's not an easy exercise
00:06:02because they're going to taste the grape berries, but
00:06:05especially the seeds. So, a whole
00:06:09morning spent chewing seeds when... at the
00:06:12end you say, "No, it's not ripe yet," it's quite
00:06:16difficult. And then with time, the seeds
00:06:19will have a nutty , crunchy,
00:06:23flavorful side, it's good, it's good, and then we're getting close, and
00:06:27then there are also the skins, and these are elements
00:06:30far beyond an analysis because we do
00:06:34laboratory analyses, but there's human experience, and
00:06:38so we're going to say, "Well, this, yes, well,
00:06:41this in 2 days it'll be ready to harvest," and there's a
00:06:45relatively narrow window, so you can't mess up. We're going to continue talking
00:06:49about the harvest, explain to us a little bit, François, the process,
00:06:52what are the different steps? Absolutely. First of all, there's the harvest
00:06:56date, so the figures, as you mentioned, Blandine, they monitor the ripeness of the
00:07:00grapes to choose the ideal moment to pick them. Then we move on to
00:07:03picking, which is done either by hand to preserve the bunches or with
00:07:07machines called straddle tractors to go faster. Then we move on to
00:07:11sorting and destemming. The grapes are sorted to remove leaves, damaged fruits, and to
00:07:15separate them from their stems, which we call the "rafle". And then comes pressing and
00:07:19fermentation. The juice is extracted then transformed into wine
00:07:22through alcoholic fermentation. You
00:07:25tell me, can I say something? Absolutely. Just for us, pressing
00:07:29happens after, okay. It depends, I think, on the
00:07:33methods. We all have our little tricks, from one property to
00:07:36another. And so with pressing, it
00:07:39comes towards the end. In any case, you had to
00:07:43adapt this year for an earlier harvest,
00:07:46is it because you, like many, are affected by climate change?
00:07:50Yes, no one escapes it, I think no one escapes it.
00:07:54It tends to give us
00:07:57a multiplication of extreme phenomena,
00:08:01but basically there is a warming that means that harvest
00:08:05dates will be disrupted, but all the working methods in the
00:08:09vines are also disrupted. Where before we could
00:08:12and... pay for the grapes to be exposed
00:08:16to sunlight for as long as possible
00:08:19during the ripening period,
00:08:23this year we didn't defoliate,
00:08:27we did it very sparingly. Where
00:08:29normally we prune the vines to limit their
00:08:33growth, this year we
00:08:36avoided pruning so as not to encourage
00:08:40a call for... water by
00:08:44the vine. That's also agility, these are also
00:08:47examples of agility. And then also, Marion, you're talking about
00:08:51early harvests, there's also international competition
00:08:54today, particularly in China, in the Ningxia region,
00:08:57where wines are made that are quite good and
00:09:01competitive with Bordeaux. Do you in Bordeaux see
00:09:05this as a threat today? How can you mitigate
00:09:08that? I don't know if it's a
00:09:12threat. As far as Château Fijac is concerned,
00:09:15not really, I don't think so, as far as we're concerned, because your clientele is well
00:09:19established, because we have
00:09:22a China has never been a very
00:09:25important market for us, it hasn't gone beyond
00:09:295, 7%. The
00:09:33main market for us will be Europe, so
00:09:36there you go, China on their
00:09:39territory, we're not super present.
00:09:43And after China sends us its wines, I'm
00:09:46not sure that will really happen,
00:09:49no, for now, no. So French
00:09:53wine doesn't have too much to worry about, it's doing well, that's what you're telling us,
00:09:57uh, compared to the competition, global
00:10:01competition is much more important today than it was 30
00:10:05years ago, that's for sure, no, no, you have to be good,
00:10:08only in Bordeaux has it never
00:10:11made so much delicious wine at reasonable
00:10:14prices, but that's at all levels, whether it's the very
00:10:18great wines or, but the very great wines, we're not going to drink them every day. With
00:10:22three Michelin grapes, are you safe for now? Is it a
00:10:25distinction that assures you, no, no one
00:10:28is safe. I think no one is safe, we are
00:10:32always looking for improvement and
00:10:35adaptation
00:10:37to both the market and production conditions.
00:10:41A big thank you to Blandine de Briller Manoncourt for coming to this
00:10:45set to talk about vineyards and wine. Thank you, François,
00:10:48you're welcome, Marion, I hope we've clarified all of that, and we look forward
00:10:52to seeing you again for a new gastronomy column in... one of these
00:10:55upcoming Saturdays. Stay with us on France 24. Thank you, right
00:10:59now we're moving on to African news with Fatima
00:11:02Tawan.
00:11:09As the history of our world is in constant change, as the flow
00:11:13of information is constantly increasing, we are there
00:11:16on all topics, we verify, we commit ourselves on the
00:11:20ground in all circumstances to anticipate the
00:11:23future by understanding the present. We are with you
00:11:2724/ 24, 7 days a week. France
00:11:3124, another perspective on current events,
00:11:34liberty, equality, current events.
00:12:03good pulsation of the world, an immersive show dedicated to
00:12:07the musical news of the five continents to be found on
00:12:10rfi, rfi.fr and on all platforms.
00:12:36Leon 14, papal visit to France,
00:12:40to experience on France
00:12:4124.
00:12:46You are on France 24 and you
00:12:50news tonight, the death of two
00:12:53senior Congolese army officials, as well as 12 other
00:12:56people, all died in a plane crash whose
00:13:00causes are not yet known. The investigation is
00:13:03ongoing, explanation to follow at the beginning of this
00:13:06newscast.
00:13:08We will also talk about the disappearance at the age of 81 of the former Prime
00:13:12Minister of Guinea, Siddy Atoure. He was twice a presidential
00:13:16candidate and lived in exile in Paris since
00:13:192021, where he passed away tonight.
00:13:21And then our focus this
00:13:25Saturday evening: how has the foreigner become a scapegoat
00:13:28in Africa when most African labor
00:13:32migration takes place within the
00:13:35continent? Rejectionist discourses are gaining ground: unemployment, poverty,
00:13:39access to public services, but also political
00:13:42instrumentalization. Why does the person who was welcomed yesterday become
00:13:46a rival today? We will discuss this with the Ivorian
00:13:49anthropologist Alfred Babo. He is a specialist in migration and
00:13:53social conflicts
00:13:55in Africa.
00:13:59We open this news report by going to the DRC where two senior Congolese army
00:14:03officials died in a plane crash this
00:14:06Friday. 12 other people, members of the delegation and the crew, also
00:14:11the accident are not yet known. An investigation is underway, with
00:14:14details from our correspondent Aurélie Bazarraki
00:14:17Bangoula. The plane, a small commercial
00:14:21aircraft, had left Kinshasa for the Kango province
00:14:25for a service mission, but it was on its return journey between Ilebo and
00:14:29Kiquit that the aircraft reportedly encountered difficulties in the sky,
00:14:32according to several witnesses. The plane allegedly tried
00:14:36to find a place to land in Kengue, a
00:14:39city that does not have a runway, before
00:14:43crashing. So on board were two senior officials of the
00:14:47military justice, Lieutenant General Likulia, Auditor
00:14:51General of the Congolese army, and Lieutenant General
00:14:54Katalaï, President of the High Military Court. 12
00:14:57members of their delegation and the crew also died
00:15:01in this crash. So, in a statement, the Congolese authorities
00:15:05paid tribute to the members of this delegation and
00:15:08announced the opening of an investigation to determine the
00:15:12causes of this accident. An investigative team is already
00:15:17investigation bureau.
00:15:20another disappearance to report, that of the former Guinean Prime
00:15:24Minister Sidiatoré. He died tonight
00:15:27in Paris, twice a presidential candidate in exile
00:15:30since 2021 following a military coup in Guinea,
00:15:34the opposition figure never managed to see his country again. He was
00:15:3781 years old, Nina
00:15:39Maçon.
00:15:42A political life marked by exile until his last
00:15:45breath. After spending more than 30 years at the forefront of Guinean
00:15:49political life, Sidiatoré died without having been able to see Guinea
00:15:53again, a country of which he was nevertheless Prime Minister for nearly
00:15:573 years in the late 90s. Before
00:16:00being an opponent, Sidiatouré was first a technocrat,
00:16:04long established in Côte d'Ivoire where he was born, he became
00:16:07chief of staff to Alassan Wattara, then Prime Minister. In
00:16:111996, Lanssana Conté called him back to Conakry.
00:16:15Guinea was then emerging from a military mutiny and its economy was
00:16:19in ruins. Sidia Touré undertook reforms, reconnected with donors,
00:16:22and notably improved access to
00:16:25electricity, an action that earned him a famous
00:16:29nickname, Sidia
00:16:32the premiership in 1999, he moved
00:16:35into opposition and took over the leadership of the Union of Republican
00:16:38Forces the following year. Then came two presidential candidacies in
00:16:412010 and in 2015, which he lost
00:16:45both times. After the coup d'état of 2021, his relations with
00:16:49the new authorities deteriorated. Forced to leave
00:16:52his home in Conakry, then settled in Côte d'Ivoire, he
00:16:56finally saw the UFR dissolved, like all opposition
00:16:59parties. Until the end, Sidia Touré
00:17:02hoped to return to Guinea. The former
00:17:05prime minister finally passed away in Paris, ending his life as
00:17:09he had begun it, far from his
00:17:11country.
00:17:15On this September 26, Senegal remembers that the Joola boat,
00:17:19which provided the connection between Ziguinchor in
00:17:22Casamance and Dakar, capsized off the Gambian coast.
00:17:261863 people died or are missing, according to the official
00:17:30toll; only 64 survived,
00:17:33one of the most deadly maritime
00:17:36disasters in
00:17:39In Kenya, foreigners in the
00:17:43informal sector have 3 months to obtain a work
00:17:46permit. This follows a week of tension in Nairobi when
00:17:50William Ruto stated that
00:17:54foreigners doing small jobs should give way to
00:17:57Kenyans. This notably caused panic among many Burundians who
00:18:01rushed to their embassy to obtain a travel
00:18:04document to return to their country,
00:18:08a report by Bastin
00:18:09Renouille.
00:18:14For more than a week, business has been slow for this Burundian
00:18:18carpenter. Half of his employees no longer dare to come to
00:18:21work. President Ruto stated that small
00:18:25businesses should be reserved for Kenyans, some
00:18:29have decided to take justice into their own hands. These are
00:18:32young people who threaten us a lot, they, they accuse
00:18:35us of taking their
00:18:39jobs and
00:18:43I cannot also leave Kenya just
00:18:46like that, because it's been 11 years since I've been here in Kenya, I've built my whole
00:18:50life here in Kenya. Nationals of member
00:18:53states of the East African Community can
00:18:56work in Kenya provided they obtain a free
00:18:58permit. For the Bar Association, the announcements that targeted
00:19:02all workers are illegal.
00:19:06If the president thinks that... These foreigners are here illegally, he has two
00:19:10options: regularize their status or prosecute them,
00:19:13accuse them before the court of justice of having violated a specific
00:19:17law, but he cannot unilaterally condemn a whole group
00:19:20of foreigners residing in Kenya and order them to
00:19:24leave. In this market in the capital,
00:19:27Congolese, Burundians and Kenyans rub shoulders daily.
00:19:31Here, no one understands the anti- foreigner
00:19:33rhetoric.
00:19:37Let's
00:19:47go further on this focus
00:20:05this Saturday on xenophobia in Africa. A paradox, on a
00:20:09continent where circulating, trading, and settling in a neighbor's country are part
00:20:12of a history much older than current borders, and
00:20:16yet from Côte d'Ivoire to South Africa, passing through Kenya,
00:20:20the foreigner can become, in times of crisis, the one accused
00:20:23of taking jobs, land, businesses, or saturating
00:20:27public services. To discuss this, we are joined by Alfred
00:20:30Babo, you are an anthropologist, a professor at Fairfield
00:20:34University in the United States, specializing in migration,
00:20:37social conflicts, and land issues in Africa. You
00:20:41are notably the author of "The Foreigner in Côte d'Ivoire, Crisis and
00:20:44Controversy around a Social
00:20:47L'Harmattan. Thank you for joining us on the JTA.
00:20:51I'd like us to start with this paradox: in many African
00:20:54societies, the foreigner, the traveler, the one who comes from elsewhere, is
00:20:57traditionally welcomed. At what point does this foreigner stop
00:21:01being an "other" to become a rival, or even a
00:21:05threat?
00:21:08Thank you, uh, it must be said that this is part
00:21:11of African traditions to have a
00:21:14stranger at one's door and to open that door to
00:21:18the stranger, because generally... and in the, in
00:21:21the, uh, traditions, the stranger
00:21:25embodies a bit uh, the ancestor,
00:21:28the ancestor who, who is no longer with
00:21:32us and the bearer of good news. So, generally
00:21:35it's the foundation of uh, of the tradition
00:21:39uh, of hospitality.
00:21:41Uh, so we make the effort to welcome
00:21:45and integrate this foreigner, particularly through
00:21:49alliances. And that's how one of the strongest alliances
00:21:52remains marriage. And beyond marriage, you have other
00:21:56possibilities like the
00:21:59gift of a portion of land so that this foreigner can support
00:22:02himself. So these elements, which are the elements of the border,
00:22:06feeling well-received, these elements enter into crisis precisely
00:22:09when there is a feeling of saturation
00:22:12of these elements of the border which
00:22:16then take on a cost, and the foreigner becomes
00:22:19then the one who
00:22:22rivals the local. So, is it the economic crisis that
00:22:25causes this shift, or should we look much further
00:22:29into, let's say, the construction of states, or even
00:22:33national identities?
00:22:36I think we have to look for both, especially in
00:22:41Africa. Uh, it must be said that the
00:22:44construction of modern states
00:22:47was accompanied by the
00:22:50translation of belonging to an
00:22:53entity such as a state with
00:22:57civil status, meaning that you cannot just cross the
00:23:00border, be resident in a state without
00:23:03seeking to regularize your situation from a legal
00:23:07point of view, obtain an identity document, whether
00:23:11from your country of origin or the host
00:23:14country, which can be in the form of a resident
00:23:17card or a residence permit. All of
00:23:20this, these practices which are purely
00:23:24ordinary practices of population displacement will become a little more
00:23:27complicated with the foundation or the formation of modern states
00:23:31that populations have not fully followed. So you have people who have been
00:23:34settled in certain countries for a long time, or
00:23:38for a long time without ever having had
00:23:42the need to declare themselves to
00:23:45obtain any paper because that was...
00:23:48possible, it was possible and
00:23:51so that's why it didn't create any problems
00:23:55until the time of the economic crisis
00:23:59and people started looking at who
00:24:02has a right to what economic resources, whether it's employment
00:24:06or small businesses on the streets or
00:24:10driving taxis and other things. At that point, people
00:24:13start saying, "But exactly, who has a right to what?" Yes, who has been
00:24:16here since when and what papers does this person have to justify
00:24:20their belonging to the national community? To the national community,
00:24:24we see it on this economic question, we see it particularly in South
00:24:28Africa when unemployment, poverty, the failure of public
00:24:31services become massive, the foreigner is accused of taking jobs,
00:24:35housing, you spoke of all these small jobs, so to speak,
00:24:39but why does the, let's say, migrant
00:24:42become such an effective scapegoat
00:24:46for politicians, for politicians? Well, it must be said that scapegoating
00:24:52is not a completely new phenomenon in many
00:24:55societies, particularly in countries
00:24:58of the of
00:25:01strong migration,
00:25:04and the foreigner becomes always the fuse that
00:25:08allows to discuss or rather to
00:25:11I would not say to mask the policies or the weakness of
00:25:15migratory policies or the policy, the weakness of a
00:25:18migration policy that is not
00:25:22euh that is not well forged and at that
00:25:25moment, in times of crisis, the
00:25:28foreigner becomes the fuse that must be blown to make
00:25:32euh valid or to give to meet the
00:25:35present needs of national
00:25:38populations who are starting to claim a certain number of things.
00:25:41So it's it's it's a practice that
00:25:44unfortunately uh is a bit uh that
00:25:48continues on fertile ground because there are
00:25:51many African populations that are still under-literate and who
00:25:55continue to believe that uh when there is a problem
00:25:59whether political or economic, it is first:
00:26:02the foreigner, since the political elites
00:26:05indicate to them that it is the foreigners who are guilty of the
00:26:08problems from which uh the indigenous
00:26:12population suffers. So very quickly, that's a bit of the subject. Yes, so
00:26:16very quickly, uh this issue of
00:26:19displacement, it is also a test or at
00:26:22least a test for pan-Africanism.
00:26:26Uh can we truly build an economically
00:26:29integrated Africa if Africans themselves cannot
00:26:33move around without sometimes being considered foreigners uh
00:26:36precisely in these areas, is that
00:26:39possible?
00:26:41Obviously it becomes difficult, I would not say it is impossible, but
00:26:45we all notice that it is a difficulty and
00:26:49from the 60s until today, neither
00:26:53at the regional level, that is to say the regional groupings such as the
00:26:57CDAO or the CAC, the CAC, have not
00:27:00truly succeeded in... operationalizing this
00:27:04principle of freedom of this
00:27:06principle of free movement of populations and their goods,
00:27:10so you have for example
00:27:13difficulties for populations to pass for example from Ivory Coast to Ghana or
00:27:17from Benin to Togo because we still have borders, barriers that are
00:27:21there and obviously he doesn't have these
00:27:25provisions, these devices exist well in
00:27:28the in the conventions, in the treaties that have been signed.
00:27:38But yes, but he doesn't have any practical measures or a practical element that allows populations to truly
00:27:42experience what free movement
00:27:45is and
00:27:48free establishment. It's the application that poses a problem absolutely at
00:27:52the continental level, at the super-regional level. Unfortunately, we have reached the
00:27:55end of this focus. Thank you very much Alfred Babo for coming for your
00:27:59insights. You will certainly come back because this topic is fascinating and
00:28:03I think our viewers have appreciated this focus. This is the
00:28:06end of this news broadcast. Thank you to all those who followed us around the world
00:28:10and this evening in particular from Ziguinchor to Kinshasa, passing through
00:28:13Conakry. Stay with us because the news continues on
00:28:16524.
00:28:22Good evening and welcome to politics. Every
00:28:24week, Roseline Fèvre receives editorialists and
00:28:28discusses with them the major political themes that make the news of the moment. You
00:28:32have noticed that there is still a real revolution, it is the French model
00:28:35that is at stake. Politics, your show to watch on France 24.
00:29:08France 24, economy every day.
00:29:12Liberty, equality, actuality.
00:30:09It's 10 p.m. in Paris, you are watching the essential on France 24, good evening to
00:30:12all, on the front page tonight, Pope Leo XIV's prayer for France, at
00:30:16the Grotto of Lourdes, the sovereign pontiff continues his visit to
00:30:19France, he was earlier in the day in Paris to celebrate a
00:30:23large mass in the Place de la Concorde, some 80,000 people
00:30:26had made the trip to attend the service. Also in the
00:30:30news, the rejection by the United States of the Iranian plan to open
00:30:33the Strait of Hormuz, it had been submitted yesterday in Washington, for the
00:30:37American president, it is an admission of weakness on the part of the Iranian
00:30:40authorities who are, I quote, losing.
00:30:44Finally, Bangkok under water, after 48 hours of torrential rain, many
00:30:48roads are flooded, 21 provinces of the country are
00:30:52concerned.