Google Cloud Speech-to-Text API (Chirp) + Gemini 2.5 Flash Non-Thinking. Treat it as a searchable index of what was broadcast, not a quotation record.
00:00:01heaven,
00:00:05under your mantle,
00:00:08I'm
00:00:10quality and on the issue of not afraid,
00:00:14full of grace,
00:00:17Hail
00:00:18Mary,
00:00:22today I offer
00:00:27a law, well, this is not contemplated in my whole to start life to you.
00:00:33Hail Mary, full of grace, the Lord is
00:00:36proposal for a law that what with you, blessed are you among all
00:00:39women, and blessed is the
00:00:46but also to preserve the theme of systems to enter fruit of your womb, Jesus. Holy Mary, mother of God, pray for us
00:00:48sinners, now and at the hour of our
00:00:52death. Amen.
00:00:55the humanization of
00:00:56been able to enter Let us pray.
00:01:00May your help, Lord, always accompany us who feed
00:01:05quota and demand, quality of on your sacrament, so that through them and our own life we may receive the
00:01:09fruits of redemption,
00:01:12through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen. Well, always remember that
00:01:15God is a friend who accompanies us, who is by our side, who is always
00:01:19close to our needs and also
00:01:22accompanies us in our moment of happiness, so may this
00:01:26new week that begins encourage you and may we find our strength in him.
00:01:32stage, with the resources of due to the issue of sanctions. and The Lord be with you and with your spirit and the blessing of Almighty God, Father,
00:01:36Son and Holy Spirit, descend upon you, upon your
00:01:39family and accompany you always. Amen. With the
00:01:43joy of participating in this celebration, you may go in
00:01:46peace. Let us give thanks to God. Have a happy week, God
00:01:50bless you.
00:01:55As you walk through life.
00:01:57you are alone,
00:02:02and that is still pending in with you on the
00:02:05debate and how will they be path, Saint Mary
00:02:09goes,
00:02:11come with us
00:02:13adoption of the Universal Declaration of to walk,
00:02:16Saint Mary,
00:02:17come, come with us
00:02:21to walk, Saint
00:02:25Mary,
00:02:27come, Saint Mary.
00:02:43training, and the to keep students in
00:02:59for the honor of God is news,
00:03:02voices that awaken, my heart is with
00:03:06open doors, today there is
00:03:08news from
00:03:10this complexity, seeing the issue of above, God speaks to you firm as a jump,
00:03:29I know.
00:03:37to manage the issue of
00:03:50Next, situational analysis, a mixed
00:03:53program, informative and opinion with elements of
00:03:57language, health, sex and
00:03:58already left the top 10, the top 20 of violence, systems engineering, social communication for all audiences,
00:04:02a national independent production program, certificate
00:04:05number
00:04:0627,389.
00:04:15Banco de Venezuela, because your greatest
00:04:19value is you, they present, what's happening in the
00:04:23country, trends in national
00:04:26events, situational analysis.
00:04:31Welcome to situational analysis,
00:04:34remember, it's not enough to be informed, it's necessary to
00:04:38analyze the situation, a deep,
00:04:41intelligent, plural,
00:04:44academic training of democratic analysis of what is happening, the trends, the
00:04:47scenarios,
00:04:50today we are joined by the Minister of University
00:04:54that we can improve the quality of Education, Ana María San Juan, she is a psychologist, she
00:04:58is also a coordinator. of the peace and democratic
00:05:01coexistence program,
00:05:04for 20 years
00:05:06working on all the issues of student housing she was director of the center for peace, a center dedicated
00:05:09among other things to research on peace and human
00:05:12rights, Minister, how are you? Very
00:05:16well, thank you very much for the invitation, I really
00:05:20appreciate your presence and being able to talk
00:05:23about higher education and
00:05:26other related topics that are
00:05:29of great interest at this time, well, very
00:05:32well, how have you felt as Minister after being dedicated to
00:05:36research, university teaching, well very well
00:05:39it's another thing of course, but it's very interesting.
00:05:42because the university sector always shows many
00:05:46challenges, it has a lot of movement and
00:05:49we have decided to have a management for
00:05:51students, mainly to dedicate ourselves to ensuring
00:05:55that they are in the careers they want to study, that
00:05:59universities perform at their best
00:06:02and that they can graduate and be part of the
00:06:06professionals that the country needs at this moment of its
00:06:08development. What is the situation of the university sector?
00:06:12In general, quotas, gap between
00:06:18education, material conditions for the
00:06:21exercise of the university profession, what can
00:06:24you tell us about the situation of the sector, how can we describe it? The
00:06:28Venezuelan university sector is a sector that has gone through a complex
00:06:32period due fundamentally to the entire
00:06:35process of underfunding that occurred in many
00:06:39sectors of the state
00:06:42the coercive unilateral measures,
00:06:46so like
00:06:49other sectors of the country, this underfunding
00:06:53has had significant repercussions on its infrastructure,
00:06:56student dropout,
00:06:59and professor migration. And at this
00:07:03moment when the country is in a process of
00:07:06evolution in economic and social
00:07:08matters, one of the priorities is also
00:07:12to support the strengthening of universities.
00:07:16So at this moment, the national
00:07:19admissions system process is just ending. On
00:07:23this occasion, 397
00:07:26students registered,
00:07:29and for a number of available spots of
00:07:32363,971,
00:07:36so here begins
00:07:39one of the problems. The Venezuelan
00:07:42state has created numerous universities to
00:07:46territorialize education to the
00:07:49most remote places from the
00:07:53center. How many universities have been created? We are at 61 universities, 61 universities
00:07:56in the last 20 years, no, the universities
00:08:00started to be created, well first the central university
00:08:04300 years ago and so on,
00:08:07from the 70s of the law of the university reform law,
00:08:10the experimental universities
00:08:13began to be created and since 1999,
00:08:16the university colleges became
00:08:20universities and those are the
00:08:23universities this and the polytechnics
00:08:26also universities in these last 20 25 years during the revolution
00:08:30exactly exactly so we have 61 institutions of
00:08:33higher university education
00:08:35and to address one of the main
00:08:39challenges of third-level education. which is
00:08:43coverage, so we have adequate geographic
00:08:46coverage, we have and the other two issues that are
00:08:50also important which are equity in access to the
00:08:53system and quality are two
00:08:56functionalities that at this moment
00:08:59constitute our main challenge to work on.
00:09:03How is equity translated into concrete terms? Equity
00:09:06is that
00:09:10equity has many, there are many ways to see it, but equity is
00:09:13that all sectors have access to university
00:09:16education, so
00:09:20that there is no bottleneck because they come from a less
00:09:24favored social sector and that, on the contrary, they have
00:09:28all the help that is required to be able to
00:09:31develop a profession in any university,
00:09:34the quotas, well, there I am,
00:09:38that's what we are working on regarding the quotas, the issue of quotas is a
00:09:41complex issue in Venezuela throughout history. There are fewer quotas than
00:09:45demand, not at this moment, there are fewer,
00:09:48the state in the entire university system
00:09:50offers a number of quotas that
00:09:54can meet demand, the issue is
00:09:57that the demand is concentrated in the quotas in
00:10:01certain universities and in certain careers, so there
00:10:05we have a problem because, for
00:10:07example, to study medicine at the central
00:10:11university, there were 90,000 applications,
00:10:14the one with the highest demand, no, the highest demand for a career, which was the most
00:10:18demanded career, and the possibility of places at the central
00:10:22university for medicine are 300. So
00:10:26there is a very significant disparity, it is a
00:10:29disparity, it is very important, and for example,
00:10:33at a total level,
00:10:36the applications to study at the Central University of
00:10:40Venezuela were
00:10:41244,128,
00:10:44and the Central University of Venezuela had
00:10:48available, has available
00:10:5011,947 places,
00:10:53so that's a problem, how to solve it
00:10:56eh,
00:10:58we have to solve it together with the universities, we have
00:11:01to, moreover, this has generated great frustration because the career
00:11:05of medicine requires very high levels of academic
00:11:09performance, so exclusive
00:11:11dedication, not only but also students who have
00:11:15had 19 between 19 and
00:11:1819.9 have not
00:11:21the career because
00:11:24of circumstances and also because
00:11:27it does not have the
00:11:30other conditions such as, for example, the quota
00:11:34assigned to OPSU, of those 300 quotas that the
00:11:37faculty of medicine has, OPSU was assigned
00:11:4155, so
00:11:44there is greater arbitration by the central university in the management of
00:11:48quotas and in general in all universities
00:11:52that is happening, so the student's perception is
00:11:55that even having made an effort, the student's
00:11:59family to make that brain,
00:12:02that little brain of the family reach the
00:12:05university with the best grade, that has been
00:12:09frustrated in large part here,
00:12:12so we have made an appeal, 1300 students
00:12:16with grades between 19 and 19.99
00:12:20were left out of the options they chose as first
00:12:23to study. So we have asked all the rectors of all the
00:12:27universities to please those students who applied with
00:12:30those grades to be able to enter the universities, there are some
00:12:34universities that have said no, that they are very full,
00:12:37but I think we will continue negotiating so
00:12:41that at least those who have that record of 19 in
00:12:44all, in all high school can
00:12:47enter, if you get
00:12:4918 two times in the
00:12:535 years of high school. Your average drops to 19,
00:12:57just like those who got 20 in all
00:13:00high school, if they got 19 twice, the average
00:13:03grade dropped, so that's an effort that
00:13:07not only that guy or that
00:13:11girl made, it's an effort that the family made, it's a family
00:13:14pride, and I think that we have to sit down,
00:13:17universities, state, students,
00:13:21and Venezuelan society to talk about how we change
00:13:25that equation, how we make the state
00:13:28expand the quotas in those universities that people have a greater
00:13:32preference for, not only because the majority of the population is in
00:13:35this coastal northern corridor, but also because
00:13:39we have other universities with that
00:13:43capacity for quotas so that
00:13:46they are considered by students as valued to
00:13:49be able to enter, what are the careers with the highest demand in addition to medicine,
00:13:53the careers with the highest demand? 20 more careers,
00:13:56even how
00:14:02meritocracy which in the end is also an unfair, somewhat
00:14:05inequitable system, but please answer me when we return to the
00:14:08commercials, we'll be
00:14:09right back,
00:14:12what's happening in the country,
00:14:15trends in national events, situational
00:14:19analysis.
00:14:32Jurassic Land, the land of dinosaurs,
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00:14:59foreign currency account balance, make your international payments plus the corresponding
00:15:02commission in just seconds, access, pay and enjoy
00:15:05instantly a world of possibilities with your international card from
00:15:09Banco de Venezuela because your greatest value is you. Do you know what
00:15:13the word that most hinders your desire to travel is?
00:15:16Budget. Well, from today we are going to forget
00:15:20about it. In Venetour you can travel all over Venezuela
00:15:23paying for your trip. comfortable installments, so stop doing
00:15:27numbers and start packing your bags, the great
00:15:30savanna, the beaches of the east or the Andes are waiting
00:15:33for you, in Venetur live Venezuela.
00:15:37your way do you need to change your glasses,
00:15:41now you can do it quickly with Optica, send your
00:15:45visual formula via WhatsApp and they will advise you with the best
00:15:47option, they serve nationwide and have their physical
00:15:51store here in San Cristobal, in San Antonio next to
00:15:54Octica Verlot so you can see you, you and
00:15:57you
00:16:01The following is a public service message
00:16:03broadcast in accordance with the provisions of
00:16:07Article 10 of the Law on Social Responsibility
00:16:10in radio, television and electronic
00:16:13media.
00:16:16Fuel restrictions in Europe and the
00:16:20historic heatwaves demand
00:16:23attention from the entire planet. Recent
00:16:26blackouts in industrial powers
00:16:29show that global electricity grids
00:16:31are at their limit, it is the structural
00:16:35reality of an energy crisis that knows
00:16:39no borders. Power outages affect
00:16:42millions of
00:16:45homes around the world today. The climate
00:16:48crisis is a global
00:16:51reality.
00:16:53Today, Sunday, at 8 p.m., situational
00:16:57analysis, I will talk with the Minister of University
00:17:00Education, Ana María San Juan, about
00:17:04the situation of higher education and the new
00:17:09artificial intelligence, I believe that all universities have to agree
00:17:13and set out in a law what the use will be, not only the
00:17:17moral use or the use
00:17:21from the perspective of humanity, but the
00:17:24factual use of artificial intelligence,
00:17:28go back to situational analysis,
00:17:31Sunday at 8 p.m. on
00:17:33Globovisión.
00:17:46What's happening in the country?
00:17:48Trends in national events, situational
00:17:52analysis.
00:17:55What are the careers with the highest demand, where are the opportunities? What
00:17:59challenges does the university have to respond to the
00:18:02profound needs of
00:18:04professionals and brains in the country? for
00:18:07economy and society,
00:18:10Ana María San Juan is
00:18:13answering, she is the Minister of Higher
00:18:17Education in the country, what were you
00:18:21saying, well, here I am reviewing the most
00:18:24demanded careers, and I made a mistake,
00:18:2890,000 places for medicine were not requested
00:18:31at the university, but in total in the
00:18:34country, that is, 90,000
00:18:37students opted for
00:18:40medicine, and the satisfaction of that
00:18:43demand was only covered by 15-20%
00:18:47in all seven faculties or possibilities
00:18:51of studying medicine in the country. The second most popular career has been
00:18:54administration, the third is physiotherapy,
00:18:57which is highly demanded everywhere, law
00:19:01appears as the fourth option, it was one of the favorite, favorite
00:19:05medical careers. medical careers.
00:19:12now with this it's impressive, it's one of the categories that has grown the most in the
00:19:15last two or three years, incredible, so,
00:19:18then psychology,
00:19:22public accounting, mechanical engineering,
00:19:25nursing, computer science, tourism,
00:19:28civil engineering, industrial engineering,
00:19:3220 years ago it was one of the favorites, it has
00:19:36the demanded careers, well, I think also because
00:19:39people now think that they can communicate without
00:19:43having to go through school because you can be an influencer without
00:19:47being a social communicator,
00:19:50right? So, but it's not among the 20
00:19:54most demanded, so the issue we have is
00:19:57that we have a concentration of applications
00:20:01in 10 universities and
00:20:04we have the course capacities due to the proximity. I imagine
00:20:07also, no, no, there are still many students
00:20:11from the regions of the country who want to study
00:20:14at the central university, and well, the central university is an emblem of the country
00:20:18for 300 years, and so
00:20:21it has, let's say, a symbolic history, it is
00:20:24in the Venezuelan
00:20:27idiosyncrasy, now the problem we have is that we have
00:20:30requests from students, the state has worked on fulfilling
00:20:34the issue of coverage
00:20:37this and now
00:20:40we have to find how we reorganize that
00:20:44coverage so that we can serve those students who want to study a
00:20:47career in a certain place.
00:20:50in a certain university and we have to focus with
00:20:53great, with great enthusiasm, I ask
00:20:57you on the issue of
00:21:00equity, so we have equity,
00:21:04meritocracy, how do we combine that, well, that is a
00:21:07challenge because you told me before that
00:21:10in some careers only those with the highest
00:21:14qualifications enter, not even that, I mean, the problem is that
00:21:17neither does meritocracy some clubs. it's difficult to
00:21:20enter, and the idea is
00:21:23that
00:21:25there is, this generates, this generates a lot of debate in all countries of the world, in
00:21:29Latin America we have several
00:21:32universities, we have the systems
00:21:35that, countries that each university manages admissions,
00:21:39for example, in Mexico, at UNAM, there was a problem two months
00:21:43ago because the admission exam was
00:21:46leaked by artificial intelligence, so they asked the
00:21:50secretary of the university, let's say some complex things in
00:21:54Argentina, which has a very high quality of universities,
00:21:57it is always among the first places, it has what they
00:22:01call the common basic cycle, all of them enter the
00:22:04careers that they are going to enter,
00:22:07they spend a year and it is like a kind of a long
00:22:10propaedeutic with an exam that allows them to stay or
00:22:14leave there and well like that in other countries in
00:22:18Europe it has a lot of weight.
00:22:20A lot of weight, the student's academic record, they reward
00:22:23the student's perseverance
00:22:27during their secondary education, so
00:22:30the question is, was there an admission exam here? There was no
00:22:34admission exam, this, now there is an admission exam,
00:22:38although they are prohibited in some
00:22:40faculties of the country, so the question is
00:22:44how do we guarantee students
00:22:47access to university education that is
00:22:51fair, that respects meritocracy, that is
00:22:55inclusive for a quality university,
00:22:58eh, they are not contradictory
00:23:01things, we don't have to say that
00:23:05equality does not
00:23:08accept meritocracy because
00:23:11those who have entered universities
00:23:14this year, those who were assigned,
00:23:1790% have grades between
00:23:2015 and 20 points, only 2% have
00:23:24between 10 and 10.99,
00:23:27so I believe that there is an effort by families
00:23:32secondary education, which is a space where there is always
00:23:35an exception, well, because adolescents are growing up, some want to drop out, some
00:23:39are forced to drop out due to the economic situation,
00:23:43so the effort of a Venezuelan family
00:23:49their child graduating from university, is something that
00:23:52we want to protect and something that we want to strengthen,
00:23:56so that is why, let's say, seeing
00:24:00the complexity of financing,
00:24:02seeing how universities compensate for the
00:24:06lack of resources that we don't know well
00:24:09how the resources are,
00:24:12they charge tuition fees, so
00:24:16in the end there are some charges in which they are gradually
00:24:20imposing impediments due to grades, with
00:24:23impediments with the tuition
00:24:26fees, so I believe that it is time to
00:24:30have a new university law that allows
00:24:33discussion and seeking consensus in
00:24:37the National Council of Universities about what university
00:24:40model Venezuela needs in this
00:24:43conjuncture that is so particular,
00:24:47so unprecedented, we come from a January 3 that
00:24:50had severe impacts on sovereignty
00:24:53and everything else, on politics, on the economy, on
00:24:57common sense, on common sense, so I think this is the time
00:25:01for us to sit down and be able to move forward in a
00:25:04process that in the end
00:25:07safeguards the constitutional right of young
00:25:11Venezuelans to a public and quality education,
00:25:15I want us to delve into the issue of the university
00:25:17law later on.
00:25:22and return now to the issue of careers and quotas,
00:25:25this, but what are the country's
00:25:28priorities, where should efforts be concentrated in the professional
00:25:34young Venezuelans, well what we
00:25:37have been seeing during this period
00:25:40that we have been in the ministry, which has been
00:25:43accompanying the entire process of economic opening and
00:25:47all this and all this challenge that we now have. in oil
00:25:50matters, there has been a requirement
00:25:54for more engineers, countries develop
00:25:57with engineers and that career is
00:26:01very important for everything. to support the type of development that we
00:26:05are committed to having, so there
00:26:09is another issue, students at
00:26:12this time of fast-paced life that is lived
00:26:15very, very intensely in a short time,
00:26:19students want short careers, that is another challenge, they don't want
00:26:23to spend 5 years in university studying, so we
00:26:26can't, they can't, some who can get
00:26:29bored and others can't. So a bit of what
00:26:33we've been thinking about is making a kind of training nodes, so that
00:26:37a student can enter, graduate as a
00:26:40technician, leave, re-enter, not have to do it again.
00:26:44process and that you can continue if you want to become an engineer, if you want to do a
00:26:48specialization, a master's degree, up to a doctorate, that implies
00:26:52harmonizing the offers, so that we have equivalent
00:26:55offers in all universities so that
00:26:59a student can move around the country. Now there will be much more mobility in the country because
00:27:03we have all these developments that are not in the north
00:27:06but rather further inland in
00:27:10the country, Monagas state, Bolívar state, etc. So, if
00:27:13we can have a student who can graduate
00:27:17with high quality, they can enter the industry
00:27:21or the labor market in the area they choose
00:27:24and if they want to continue training, they have the options to
00:27:28do so. That will help us a lot with what we were talking about now, artificial
00:27:31intelligence, which also allows for mobility
00:27:35and greater capacity
00:27:37to be in several places in the training process. However,
00:27:41that requires agreements also on what
00:27:44will be the country's regulations regarding artificial intelligence, and
00:27:48in which I believe universities are
00:27:51called to be, shall we say, the main
00:27:54contributors
00:27:57to the substance of what that law should be. That
00:28:01means a great challenge for the country,
00:28:04the National Assembly. Engineering is therefore one of the
00:28:08most necessary careers, most necessary for this new
00:28:11development model. And what about
00:28:14humanist careers? What presence do they have today
00:28:17in this territory? But
00:28:21please answer me when we return from the commercials. We'll be
00:28:24right back.
00:28:27What's happening in the country?
00:28:29Trends in national events. In situational analysis.
00:28:46Thundernet, the most economical mega-plan on the
00:28:49market, invites you to watch
00:28:53Primera Página.
00:29:21This Sunday we will be talking with Gabriel
00:29:24Montiel, an artificial intelligence expert, whom we ask:
00:29:28in a few years, will artificial intelligence replace
00:29:31humans? Yes, it will undoubtedly
00:29:35replace it, but it's not necessarily because a robot will come and
00:29:38take your job and do everything for you, but because another human will use the
00:29:42tool, and right now what we have to think about is how to adopt and understand this
00:29:46tool for one's productivity. Don't miss this
00:29:49and other topics. Jesus asks
00:29:52Sunday 6:30 p.m. on
00:29:56Globovisión.
00:30:02More than 20 years analyzing in depth the
00:30:05most impactful events on the international
00:30:08agenda, the journey through international
00:30:11scenarios, with the clash of images and the power of
00:30:14words, pioneers in providing a space for
00:30:18understanding within the framework of diplomatic relations
00:30:21and current
00:30:24Julio César Pineda shows the cardinal points
00:30:28of the events that transcend our
00:30:31borders. International Compass
00:30:34from Monday to Friday at 2 p.m. and Embassies and
00:30:38Ambassadors Sundays 7:30
00:30:42p.m. on Globovisión.
00:30:57What's happening in the country?
00:31:00Trends in national events. In situational
00:31:03analysis, engineering is one of the
00:31:07priority careers for national development, but where
00:31:11do humanistic careers stand, especially because
00:31:14there is an increase here, and perhaps more so in other
00:31:17countries, in the demand for careers such as
00:31:21philosophy, sociology, psychology in this hyper-digitalized
00:31:24world? What can you tell us, minister? Well,
00:31:28psychology is among the top 10 most
00:31:32requested careers. It has increased a lot this year. This also has
00:31:36to do with social media where psychologists
00:31:39do therapy through
00:31:41networks, addressing specific issues. Nobody
00:31:45knows if they are psychologists or not. I mean, one should be cautious about
00:31:48that. But well, I believe that the
00:31:51harshness of all labor issues, of all technical
00:31:55issues, also requires philosophy,
00:31:58literature, this, but, well, that's a
00:32:01battle that students have to fight sometimes in their homes. If they tell their mom or
00:32:05dad that they're going to be a philosopher, well, yes,
00:32:08a philosopher, what's that, what do you eat with that, and how are you going to eat? Or if they want to study
00:32:12music, if they want to study anything
00:32:16else that means giving
00:32:18breath to that sensitive part of the soul that we all have and that we all
00:32:22should have. Anyway, we have in the university sector
00:32:26offers for all these types of careers,
00:32:29philosophy, literature, before they were highly demanded,
00:32:32now they are less so. Well, well, before, when we were in the
00:32:35Renaissance, everyone studied philosophy to understand the world.
00:32:38Now people understand it in another way. This,
00:32:42but well, these are options that students have to be
00:32:45and they have many possibilities, spaces, and there are
00:32:48spaces, there are quotas, there are quotas and there
00:32:52are also quotas in this unfortunately, in literature, they didn't open
00:32:55the school of literature this year at the central university,
00:32:58but but there is an offer for the student who wants to study that.
00:33:02Anyway, the number of applications for admission to engineering
00:33:06careers has increased in this
00:33:10call because it has
00:33:13been, and it seems to us that it has to do with all
00:33:17the announcements that are being made in economic matters, the
00:33:19university
00:33:22law, how is it contributing
00:33:26or the debate that is going to open about a new university
00:33:29law, how can it contribute to the development of
00:33:32university education, to the service of the country? Well, I think
00:33:36in many ways. I think that the
00:33:39university, the legal framework we have since
00:33:421970,
00:33:44the world has changed
00:33:4670 times,
00:33:49since then, the country has also changed a lot.
00:33:52Young people have other
00:33:55expectations regarding their professional
00:33:58model of
00:34:01university that we have, which is a victorious
00:34:04model after hundreds of years, is a model that is
00:34:07subject to many challenges precisely because of artificial
00:34:11intelligence. There are countries like China where there are no
00:34:14professors, where they have classes, students go to classes,
00:34:17through cameras, they take attendance,
00:34:21who was in class, who was attentive, etc., and they
00:34:24take the exam and it's verified that they didn't cheat. That is,
00:34:28that is a very important challenge, which we have to
00:34:31think about, how to use it positively for
00:34:35learning, for teaching, and I think
00:34:38it is a good time to do it, because we also have
00:34:42challenges, as all public universities in the world have, regarding
00:34:46financing. In Venezuela, the right to
00:34:49free education is guaranteed by the
00:34:52constitution. But we have very expensive
00:34:55careers in universities. For example, medicine requires very
00:34:59very high investments. That's why the Venezuelan private sector has never
00:35:03created medical faculties due to the costs
00:35:07they have. But nevertheless, we
00:35:10have to look not only at the costs there, but also at the costs of engineering
00:35:14laboratories, of chemical engineering, of chemistry, of
00:35:17physics. So, it is a
00:35:20time to reflect on that, not only on
00:35:23financing but also on the relevance of some
00:35:26options. We have 6,700
00:35:29study opportunities at the undergraduate level and
00:35:322,700 at the postgraduate level. Are so many
00:35:36options necessary? Do we need more
00:35:39options for students? Do we need fewer? Do we need to
00:35:42concentrate knowledge? We need to
00:35:45transversalize it and have cooperative knowledge. How
00:35:49to expand the possibilities is through
00:35:52digitalization, exactly. That's what we have,
00:35:56because we have, for example, multimodal education, but we have
00:36:00institutions that do not have the capacity to have
00:36:03that training capacity from
00:36:07their institution, and we also have many limitations for some young people
00:36:11to be able to access that education. Has that
00:36:14segment grown, right? Quite a bit. Yes, it has
00:36:17grown, but it has grown, in our opinion, with many of the
00:36:21warnings from students, it has grown
00:36:24with serious quality problems. So I think
00:36:27there are no rules.
00:36:31There is a regulation, but I believe that as
00:36:35time passes and regarding artificial intelligence, I believe we should
00:36:38modernize that regulation through the law. The
00:36:41system, since the law has not changed since
00:36:431970, has been governed by 2,500
00:36:47decrees. So
00:36:50decrees, since we don't have
00:36:54the law, this is not resolved, because we cannot make the
00:36:57law, we issue a decree. I think it's time to
00:37:01leave the 2,500 decrees and provide ourselves with
00:37:04a new law that we are
00:37:07proposing to be approved and
00:37:09discussed by the National Council of Universities. I would like us to
00:37:13delve into this project or this idea around
00:37:16a change in the university law, but once we return to
00:37:19commercials. We'll be
00:37:21right back.
00:37:24What's happening in the country?
00:37:27Trends in national events. Situational analysis.
00:37:43Banco de Venezuela, because your greatest
00:37:47value is you, invites you to watch
00:37:50Globovisión Sports
00:37:52News.
00:38:29September 15 was declared by the
00:38:32United Nations Organization in 2008 as
00:38:36International Day of Democracy, in
00:38:41Democracy by the Inter-Parliamentary Union in
00:38:441997,
00:38:46a topic now more relevant than ever with the changes that
00:38:50are occurring in the current global geopolitical
00:38:54recomposition. In Venezuela, Democracy Day
00:38:58is celebrated on January 23 in memory of the
00:39:01fall of Pérez Jiménez's dictatorship that day in
00:39:041958. This was the analysis on the table.
00:39:20This podcast talks about our roots, our essence,
00:39:24and being Venezuelan. We need to market folklore
00:39:28to make it attractive and friendly for new generations. I believe that Venezuelan
00:39:31music, especially Llanera music, needs to raise its level. The
00:39:35Llanero has always sung about his lyrics, his delivery of poetry
00:39:38has always been focused on nature, love, heartbreak. I
00:39:42am very proud to be Juan Vicente Torrealba's granddaughter. I am dedicated to
00:39:46talking about his beautiful work. I have had that challenge, to show that there is something
00:39:50beyond the Torrealba surname. He also sings a joropo, as it is sung in the
00:39:53plains, a tonada, or whatever song you want, countryman,
00:39:57that the Venezuelan spirit gallops in my blood.
00:40:00Subscribe now and discover a new way to communicate.
00:40:17What is happening in the country?
00:40:20Trends in national events. Situational
00:40:24analysis.
00:40:27Why is a new university law so necessary and
00:40:30urgent? Today we talk with the Venezuelan
00:40:33Minister of Higher Education, Ana María
00:40:36San Juan. What can you tell us? Well, we have
00:40:39several issues that are important to
00:40:41address in a new institutional and
00:40:45legal framework. One of them is the
00:40:47quotas, the admission process, how to make an
00:40:51admission process more equitable and that respects
00:40:54meritocracy and the effort of young people in
00:40:58high school, how to make a process
00:41:00of accompanying
00:41:04high school students on vocational issues,
00:41:06that is, this famous crisis,
00:41:10famous because we have all experienced it at home with our children, or we experienced it as
00:41:13teenagers: what am I going to
00:41:16study? So mothers would say: no, you are good
00:41:20at engineering, you are good at math, you are good, you
00:41:23are good at talking, so you can be a lawyer like your father, or you have to follow in your
00:41:27father's footsteps. So, having a robust vocational guidance
00:41:30system that accompanies entry to
00:41:33university, that's regarding entry. Then we have
00:41:37what are the mechanisms that we have for the approval
00:41:40of subjects or careers or core subjects or
00:41:44universities. That is a mechanism
00:41:47that,
00:41:50besides the 2,500, 800 decrees, is there
00:41:54so that every time we create something, we create a regulatory
00:41:57path to be able to create it. So the idea is
00:42:01exactly where we want the university to go
00:42:04in this country in the next 30 years,
00:42:07how we preserve the universality
00:42:11of knowledge and at the same time how we respond
00:42:15to the challenges of the country's development. So not to
00:42:18lose one thing for another, that is, not only to open
00:42:22thousands of engineering options,
00:42:26the universality of knowledge where philosophy has a place, where
00:42:28literature, arts, everything,
00:42:32the whole system, knowledge,
00:42:35humanity, exactly. The system,
00:42:38we also have everything about financing. Public
00:42:41financing can have limits in relation to
00:42:45universities, but how do we finance them so that it doesn't exactly
00:42:49depend on students, because students have the right to public
00:42:52education guaranteed. So how do we equip ourselves with mechanisms
00:42:56of resolution
00:43:00and work with the possibilities that universities
00:43:04have to generate their own income? Now we have a myriad of
00:43:07options in which each faculty
00:43:10produces its own fees for
00:43:13postgraduate studies. We have postgraduate studies that are free in relation
00:43:17to what is charged. So there are many disparities in the
00:43:20prices of postgraduate studies, which is an important option if we
00:43:24want more robust specializations in terms of
00:43:28professionalization. So,
00:43:30we have all the issues of postgraduate studies, we have all the issues
00:43:34of multimodality. We have to guarantee
00:43:37that it is a very solid
00:43:41system so that we can guarantee
00:43:45the student who wants to study through these
00:43:48technological platforms that this platform is of
00:43:52quality, that this platform does not have leaks, etc.,
00:43:56etc. So there are many issues, there are all the issues, there are all the issues
00:43:59and they require, well, to see how other countries are doing,
00:44:03what is being done, how we
00:44:07recover this time from the economic
00:44:10crisis that affected universities more
00:44:14quickly with the resources of artificial intelligence. I
00:44:17believe that all universities have to agree and put into a law what the
00:44:21use will be, not only the moral use or the
00:44:25use from the perspective of
00:44:28humanity, but the factual use of artificial
00:44:31intelligence. The programs are
00:44:34one of the challenges of the new law, it is one of the challenges of the private
00:44:38sector. There is talk of a mixed economic model with different forms of
00:44:41ownership, of an alliance between workers, the state, and
00:44:45capital.
00:44:48What role can the private sector play in these
00:44:51reforms and in the possibilities of a better university
00:44:55education? A lot, a lot, a lot. It has a very
00:44:58important role, it has a very important role basically
00:45:02because the private sector of the country is the place
00:45:06where the innovation that corresponds to
00:45:09university research can be developed. Here
00:45:12thousands of projects are developed
00:45:16in laboratories in universities where the field of
00:45:19application is in the private sector. So now there is
00:45:23much more relationship between
00:45:26both sectors. There is a lot
00:45:29of demand, there is awareness in the private sector that
00:45:33universities can be their main ally
00:45:36in a medium-term or long-term
00:45:40project, its economic
00:45:42specialty. What other points do you think are key in
00:45:46this new university law?
00:45:49Quality, accreditation. We don't have
00:45:52universities in the only country in Latin America where their universities are not
00:45:56accredited, not even internally, and
00:45:59only a few externally. In the
00:46:02university rankings, we appear in a
00:46:05place where we
00:46:08could be higher, and that has to
00:46:12do with research issues. So that's why
00:46:15we are currently preparing a program for
00:46:18strategic research that will be developed from universities
00:46:22on the most complex
00:46:25issues of the current geopolitical
00:46:29and political economic context so
00:46:34universities, and that will be allowed by the law. In the context of
00:46:381970, when the renewal took place, the
00:46:40economic world was different, and technological challenges
00:46:44did not exist in the way they do
00:46:47now. That's why it's so important that we can above all reach a
00:46:51consensus because the debates about the
00:46:54law have been characterized by unnecessary
00:46:57infighting, mainly the ideological
00:47:01burden, the ideological burden and the
00:47:04political burden too, no, let's not forget
00:47:07that the reform of the 1970 law was to
00:47:10liquidate autonomous universities with experimental
00:47:13universities, exactly. That fortunately
00:47:16happened. So I think it's time for us to be able to
00:47:20try in a mature way the entire university
00:47:23sector in working groups, a
00:47:28we are proposing is that this be the law that we
00:47:32have by consensus in the National Council of Universities that we take to
00:47:36the National Assembly for its approval, hopefully
00:47:39unanimously by all
00:47:41parliamentarians. Progress is already being made in that regard, right? We are
00:47:45just proposing it. First we started with
00:47:49creating 12 commissions in the National Council of Universities.
00:47:52To address each of these issues that we have been talking
00:47:56about here, the issue of fees, the issue of quality, the issue of accreditation,
00:48:00the issue of how to reorganize the entire
00:48:03approval system for new careers, the new
00:48:06demands, how to do that, and these 12
00:48:09commissions are, let's say, the initial point, in my opinion,
00:48:13that each of their conclusions will be
00:48:16collected in the new law. Whatever is missing, well,
00:48:20it will be done. But it has already started, at
00:48:24least it's on the agenda, it's on the table, it's
00:48:27it's on the table, it's on the table, the most
00:48:31important issue for Venezuelans, the economy, university
00:48:35dropout rate is
00:48:38high, surely explained
00:48:42by the economic situation, by the economic difficulties. But we also
00:48:46have another fundamental issue, which is the salary
00:48:49of university professors. How
00:48:51does it fit into this debate, these material
00:48:55demands, how do they fit into this
00:48:58resolved outside or in parallel with the debate on the new university
00:49:02law? But please answer me when we return from the
00:49:05commercials. We'll be
00:49:07right back.
00:49:10What's happening in the country?
00:49:12Trends in national events. Situational
00:49:16analysis.
00:50:29If there are good and bad people in the world, the bad ones
00:50:32are bad because they made themselves bad, but the
00:50:36good ones are only good with the help of
00:50:39God. José Gregorio Hernández,
00:50:43an example of
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00:50:47After a long 18-year pause, the emotion
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00:51:57What's happening in the country?
00:51:59Trends in National Events.
00:52:02Situational analysis.
00:52:06The university and economy, the university and the material
00:52:09conditions of existence of students, of professors,
00:52:13is a super important topic. What can
00:52:17you tell us, minister, that for us this topic is very important, the
00:52:20big topic, the big topic, the most difficult
00:52:24one too, and the most difficult one due to the situation we are in. But well, we
00:52:27started, we started a trajectory
00:52:31rebuilding the teaching career, and
00:52:35we are currently redistributing in the
00:52:38income according to the professorial
00:52:42category in the hierarchy with a corresponding
00:52:45bonus called academic responsibility bonus. It's
00:52:49a single bonus, it's a single bonus because it has to
00:52:52do with the scales. We
00:52:55have proposed that this be the
00:52:58re-start of the reconstruction of the teaching
00:53:01career, and we have
00:53:05several proposals. We have to strengthen teaching
00:53:08capacities in universities, well, because many professors
00:53:11are not in the country. So
00:53:14we have proposals to incorporate professors.
00:53:17retirees to return to be active because some
00:53:20retirements were also early at 25
00:53:24years old, which is when a person is also at the zenith of
00:53:28their eh theoretical
00:53:30proposal if it's a researcher at the Central
00:53:33University. So at the Central
00:53:37University because then what we have is eh eh
00:53:40contemplated eh not
00:53:43only eh to strengthen the
00:53:46income of the professors eh
00:53:50also that of the rest of the university community and open some
00:53:53research options that
00:53:56allow them to be complementary in the income of the professors
00:54:00who participate in it and with that strengthen the research process in
00:54:04Venezuela. So we are going to open those possibilities very soon,
00:54:07we are designing them together with the Ministry of Science and Technology
00:54:11in order to make the
00:54:13capacity very attractive,
00:54:17for professors to participate and we are
00:54:20also proposing that several universities
00:54:23work together so that there is more collaboration between institutions and more
00:54:26complementarity, so that young professors are incorporated
00:54:30to train young researchers as well and
00:54:34and in a way that we also incorporate professors who
00:54:37are outside Venezuela researching so that they
00:54:40enrich from their institutions and from
00:54:44their universities in the projects that are developed
00:54:48here, we also want to incorporate meritorious students from
00:54:51abroad so that they also maintain a link with
00:54:54Venezuela and participate in these investigations which they
00:54:58will enrich in a substantive way, the
00:55:02living conditions of students, there are many who do not pursue a
00:55:05university career, who drop out in the fifth year of high school due to
00:55:09the urgency of subsisting, of economic
00:55:13subsistence, what plans are there, what ideas are there
00:55:16to somewhat alleviate the material burden of
00:55:20students and for them to continue their university studies, not
00:55:23abandon them permanently,
00:55:26they talk about young people in qualitative studies of interfaces, they
00:55:30talk about a pause, I have an economic urgency, then
00:55:34I start
00:55:39Well, we are proposing now
00:55:42and it will be announced this coming week,
00:55:45we have a proposal for a
00:55:48very robust scholarship program in which
00:55:51half of the scholarships will be assigned
00:55:55by socioeconomic situation, one
00:55:58quarter of the scholarships will be given for academic
00:56:01merit and another for those. before
00:56:05they start to be preparers to enter the teaching
00:56:08career, we think in this scholarship
00:56:12program to increase the scholarships that are now have arrived, they are
00:56:15$5, so now we are going to reduce
00:56:19a bit and we are going to make a scholarship call, we are strengthening the
00:56:22dining halls in the universities so that students have the
00:56:26option to eat at the university, at least those
00:56:30who need it most, we are
00:56:32working on the recovery of all transport, which is another
00:56:36activity, eh, another expense that students
00:56:39have and that not always the half student ticket is
00:56:43recognized, so we are trying that in the
00:56:46universities that are further away, for example, in Simón
00:56:49Bolívar, we were there the day before yesterday in Simón Bolívar reviewing part of the
00:56:53infrastructure that is being recovered, this has problems of
00:56:57access for students who do not have cars to get to the
00:57:01university, so we are creating attention
00:57:04to transport. Attention to dining halls, reinforcement of
00:57:08scholarships, we are
00:57:11and residences, that is, a set of measures
00:57:15that will support the student, we are also thinking about
00:57:19all the orientation issues, because in the third semester
00:57:23everything happens, students stop liking their career, they have an economic
00:57:27urgency, eh, they want to
00:57:30change and they don't know where eh, because it seems very challenging and they
00:57:34want something that takes less
00:57:37time if they are working, that is, eh,
00:57:40to look for eh a set of
00:57:43measures and support for students that
00:57:46allows them to continue at the university, eh, we have to
00:57:49improve retention, we have to improve the number of graduates,
00:57:53because at this moment it is not as high as we
00:57:57should have for the number of students we have
00:58:00inside the universities, as a
00:58:02psychologist, what,
00:58:06where, what do you observe regarding the social
00:58:10and cultural impact on youth, including the
00:58:14social networks are having,
00:58:17well, and what impact do they have on teaching, the
00:58:20learning processes at the higher level? Well,
00:58:24they have a lot of impact, even in many universities it has already
00:58:27been decided not to finish subjects
00:58:30with written assignments but with oral exams to
00:58:33certify the learning of students,
00:58:36no, that on the one hand is a challenge for
00:58:40issue and for young people it has a big issue
00:58:44e the anxiety it generates.
00:58:47The expectations they generate and that is why we see this search to study
00:58:51psychology, we see the searches to have
00:58:54meditation, to do yoga, it is one of the
00:58:57most widespread options for rest among
00:59:01university students, exactly, from social
00:59:03networks, which spontaneously are
00:59:07developing the same societies and yes, of course, and also because it's not something you
00:59:10can't control, I mean, I think the first challenge of adult
00:59:14control things.
00:59:18of your life, no, you stop being the son of your
00:59:21parents or your mother or whatever, and you start to make
00:59:25of the things about social networks inhibit decision-making
00:59:29due to the multiplicity of options that exist for everyone,
00:59:32even in thought, in the position eh regarding a
00:59:36social event, etc., so eh it is very
00:59:39important here, we have not studied it despite
00:59:42the fact that social networks were one of the battlefields of politics, it was all about
00:59:46communication. And all about social networks and all about social media
00:59:50and that is one of the topics that we will also
00:59:54call for study because in the background there is an attempt to
00:59:57reprogram societies of citizens, a
01:00:01reprogramming of identity and common
01:00:03sense. Minister, thank you very much for this
01:00:07situational analysis, I think many issues were very
01:00:10clear, a very didactic way to explain to people
01:00:14what the situation of university education is, thank you very
01:00:18much. Really, much success, I hope to see you here, when
01:00:22you deem it appropriate, thank
01:00:25you very much, no, thank you, thank you for the invitation, very interesting, we will
01:00:29see you in a next situational analysis by Globo
01:00:32Visión, free, independent,
01:00:35responsible and truthful journalism. See
01:00:38you soon.
01:00:57This program.