Google Cloud Speech-to-Text API (Chirp) + Gemini 2.5 Flash Non-Thinking. Treat it as a searchable index of what was broadcast, not a quotation record.
00:00:30congratulated the world of artificial intelligence and considered this success to be a sign
00:00:33of the rightful place of young Iranian talents in the most
00:00:37important fields of science and technology. Our country's Artificial Intelligence Olympiad team
00:00:40had won four colorful medals in this Olympiad.
00:00:44The head of the National Tea Organization announced
00:00:44the payment of 75 percent
00:00:51of the tea growers' dues and said that this year,
00:00:5589,000 tons of green tea leaves have been purchased
00:00:58from tea growers in Gilan and Mazandaran. The spokesperson of the Guardian Council announced
00:01:02that the plan to support agricultural production
00:01:09and increase resilience in providing food needs in wartime and crisis conditions,
00:01:12which was sent by the Speaker of the Parliament to the Guardian Council
00:01:16in late June, was reviewed and commented on by this council.
00:01:20According to Mr. Tahani, the Parliament has amended
00:01:24the shortcomings of the plan and it will soon be on the final agenda
00:01:27of the Guardian Council. The head of the Statistics Center of the Ministry of Agricultural Jihad
00:01:30announced
00:01:40that 57 percent of the country's water resources
00:01:43are full. According to Mr. Ahani, the situation of water reserves
00:01:47has increased by 17 percent compared to the same period last year.
00:01:50Simultaneously with the Meteorological Organization's warning
00:01:52about the intensity.
00:01:57The Strait of Hormuz depends on these issues being compensated
00:02:20by America. According to Mr. Araghchi, Iran acted on its commitments
00:02:23in Article 5 of this memorandum and it was supposed that within a month
00:02:27the conditions of Hormuz
00:02:30would return to normal in such a way that
00:02:34in two weeks the traffic volume reached 60% of normal conditions.
00:02:37The Foreign Minister said that despite this, America was seeking
00:02:41to create new routes for traffic in the Strait of Hormuz and,
00:02:45despite Iran's warnings, tried to hinder Iran's management of this strait.
00:02:49Mr. Araghchi also said that negotiations between Iran and Oman
00:02:52to determine a new route for ship traffic in the Strait of Hormuz
00:02:56are underway and the two sides are close to an agreement.
00:03:00Due to the technical and legal complexities,
00:03:03a temporary route will be determined
00:03:06in the first stages.
00:03:12The heads of the three branches of government and military and civilian officials , in separate messages, congratulated
00:03:16the journalists on their day and appreciated the efforts and endeavors
00:03:20of media professionals in the two recent imposed wars. The Ministry of Intelligence also, in a message, emphasized
00:03:23that journalists play a prominent role in preserving and increasing the resilience
00:03:27of all members of society, its cohesion, and
00:03:36its failure. The Speaker of the Islamic Consultative Assembly, emphasizing that journalists
00:03:39are warriors whose trench is awareness and their weapon is truth,
00:03:43wrote that the children of this land will not allow the enemy to build
00:03:47its imaginary victories on public opinion. Mr. Qalibaf also referred
00:03:50to the third imposed war and stated that news people
00:03:54narrated the farewell of the martyred leader. 160
00:03:58nights of the powerful presence of the blessed nation
00:04:02in the streets became global with their narration, and in fact,
00:04:05they displayed a part of the national power of this land. The head of the judiciary
00:04:09also, in a message, emphasizing that a committed journalist
00:04:12is a comrade-in-arms of the fighters behind the launcher,
00:04:15wrote: "Committed journalists of the country, in the most difficult
00:04:19days of the past year, with courage and responsibility,
00:04:22guarded the borders of public awareness and national cohesion."
00:04:25Hojjat al-Islam wal-Muslimeen Mohseni Ejei, referring to the enemy's cognitive warfare,
00:04:29described the pen of a united journalist as an arrow in the bow
00:04:33of national authority and emphasized: "We consider
00:04:36responsible and humble accountability to journalists
00:04:40in the judiciary as our duty."
00:04:43The First Vice President also, in his message, emphasizing
00:04:47that today civilized Iran is the haven of transformation seekers
00:04:51and those tired of the modern slavery system and global oppressors,
00:04:54called journalists the true heroes of the narrative battle
00:04:58and emphasized: "August 8th, the anniversary of the martyrdom of Martyr Mahmoud Saremi,
00:05:02is a day to remember the truth that journalism is not a job;
00:05:06it is a historical call for knowledge, courage, and freedom."
00:05:09The Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces and the Khatam al-Anbiya Central Headquarters
00:05:13also, in a message on the occasion of Journalist's Day,
00:05:16while honoring the memory of the exalted martyrs of the media and paying tribute
00:05:20to their honorable families, praised the endeavors of media professionals
00:05:23as an important part of the national power system
00:05:26and the defense of society's psychological security. The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps also,
00:05:30while congratulating all the warriors of the awareness front
00:05:34who have preserved the trench of narrative and truth, reminded
00:05:38that journalists and committed media in the recent imposed war,
00:05:41by focusing on accurate and timely narration, countered the enemy's psychological operations
00:05:44and media attacks, and recorded lasting images
00:05:48of the glorious history of this sensitive and valuable period.
00:05:51The Army of the Islamic Republic of Iran also, in a message,
00:05:55while commemorating August 8th, Journalist's Day, called media activists
00:05:58the commanders of the hybrid war against the enemies and emphasized
00:06:02their decisive role in strengthening public insight.
00:06:06The Ministry of Defense and Armed Forces Logistics
00:06:10also, in a statement, while commemorating the martyrs of the media
00:06:13in the two recent imposed wars, emphasized that in the conditions
00:06:17of hybrid warfare and enemy psychological operations,
00:06:20the honest narration of truth, responsible demanding,
00:06:23and safeguarding public opinion are part of the national power
00:06:27and deterrence of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The head of the Islamic Propagation Coordination Council
00:06:30also, referring to the third imposed war of the American-Zionist enemy
00:06:34against the Iranian nation and the media efforts
00:06:37of the Arrogant Front to create fear and despair,
00:06:41wrote: "The Iranian nation and media professionals, by being present in the field
00:06:45and recording and narrating the truth, once again showed that the reality
00:06:48of the field cannot be changed by media operations."
00:06:52The spokesperson of the Guardian Council also wrote in a message:
00:06:56"Journalists are trustees of truth and honest narrators
00:07:00of history, a voice that does not fall silent
00:07:03in the most difficult days." The head of the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting
00:07:06also, in a message, congratulating the arrival
00:07:10of August 8th, emphasized: "From the days of the Sacred Defense
00:07:14to national events, from cultural and social arenas
00:07:17to difficult fields, our colleagues in the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting
00:07:21have striven to convey the voice of the Iranian people,
00:07:24the honor and independence of this nation, and the truth of the steadfastness
00:07:28and cultural life of Islamic Iran to the world."
00:07:31A very extensive media organization called the National Media and IRIB
00:07:35really should expand the definition of a journalist
00:07:38a bit. That is, the work of a journalist
00:07:42is not only what is in the written or
00:07:46press field. The work of journalism in IRIB
00:07:50is much wider and more extensive. We say, were you a journalist
00:07:54or not? We should say, did you work in news or not? Let's see,
00:07:57in the bombing
00:08:00of the glass building, which happened last year, the dear one
00:08:04who was martyred was a news editor, the chief editor of the news, Mr. Rajabpour.
00:08:08And Ms. Azimi was also in the support areas.
00:08:11This set of factors, in front of the camera,
00:08:14behind the camera, journalist, editor,
00:08:17chief editor, editorial director.
00:08:21These are the ones that, in my opinion, the definition of a journalist
00:08:25should include all of them.
00:08:29And the end of August is the last deadline for registration for the third
00:08:33Technology Olympiad. The course covers 6
00:08:36technology areas, including cybersecurity.
00:08:40It will be an online competition for creative,
00:08:55innovative, and technological individuals. Registration started in June
00:08:59and continues until the end of August. It includes
00:09:02a preliminary training section, a preliminary competition
00:09:05that is held online,
00:09:08and the final competition that will be held
00:09:12at Pardis Technology Park, God willing. The Technology Olympiad
00:09:15is an international program that, in addition to Iranian technologists,
00:09:19also allows participants from various other countries.
00:09:22So far, more than 200 people
00:09:26from 14 countries, besides Iran, have registered.
00:09:30Stay with us. In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
00:09:32O Allah, bless Muhammad and the family of Muhammad and hasten his reappearance. Hello to our dear viewers,
00:09:35welcome to the Lebanon
00:10:19program. Today, I invite you to stay with us until the end of this program
00:10:22with the presence of the program's experts, Dr. Mohammad Shams,
00:10:26a political expert, and my colleague, Mr. Seyed Mohammad
00:10:29Hosseini. Dr., let's start from the end of the negotiations,
00:10:33the seventh round in Rome, and that finally,
00:10:35after the conflicting statements that came out of the negotiations,
00:10:39the President of Lebanon spoke and said
00:10:42that we had made progress in the prisoner and border demarcation
00:10:46file, but we had not reached anywhere regarding
00:10:50the experimental areas and ceasefire. Was the main story,
00:10:53the main concern of the people of Lebanon these days
00:10:57this, or was the main issue
00:11:00war, ceasefire, and withdrawal? Well, the atmosphere in Lebanon
00:11:04after the seventh session of the seventh round of negotiations
00:11:07between Lebanon and the Zionist regime was one of frustration.
00:11:11Lebanese government officials, even the negotiating delegation,
00:11:14returned to Lebanon saying that their atmosphere was one of frustration
00:11:18because the goals of the seventh session
00:11:21or the seventh round were not achieved. The ceasefire issue was not raised.
00:11:25Israel's withdrawal from southern Lebanon is also not an issue,
00:11:28but rather the Israelis' protocol that should govern
00:11:31in the future, guarantees
00:11:35for Israel to remain in southern Lebanon
00:11:38and they made a new request from the Lebanese government,
00:11:42from the negotiating delegation, that the areas south of the Litani River,
00:11:45north of the Litani River, from individuals
00:11:48and Lebanese hamlets there, they should check
00:11:52their identities and 40% of Lebanese houses
00:11:55north of the Litani River, which is not occupied,
00:11:59they should inspect their houses. Of course, the Lebanese army
00:12:03has not accepted this, meaning the Israelis' request
00:12:06is still the same: the Lebanese army should enter Lebanese houses,
00:12:10which is illegal. The constitution does not allow it.
00:12:12They want to see what they can do to enter the houses
00:12:15to arrest and detain Hezbollah members wherever they are,
00:12:19if there are weapons or Hezbollah members there, or to discover weapons if they are there.
00:12:23Of course, I heard that the Americans
00:12:25have asked the Lebanese government to show flexibility
00:12:28regarding the constitution and house searches.
00:12:32Yes, of course, many of these American factions
00:12:36in Lebanon, especially the Minister of Justice, said that this legal problem
00:12:40does not need to be solved because it is a wartime situation
00:12:43and the army can do this. A
00:12:47try to legalize it, but the Lebanese army
00:12:51has not yet accepted it, but they agreed on 40% in Rome.
00:12:55Well, regarding the Rome negotiations, Mr. Joseph Fan said
00:12:58that we have made progress in the prisoner and border demarcation
00:13:01discussions, even though these issues
00:13:04are not what the Lebanese are requesting. Lebanon wants a ceasefire,
00:13:08withdrawal and departure of Israelis. Border demarcation,
00:13:12of course, he didn't explain where they made progress
00:13:15in border demarcation, especially
00:13:19this Israeli request. Israel now believes
00:13:22that Lebanon is weak at the moment
00:13:25and we can impose the border demarcation
00:13:29that we want on Lebanon, and the Americans
00:13:33agree. Therefore, now
00:13:36the negotiation atmosphere and the atmosphere in Israel
00:13:39and America regarding
00:13:43negotiations is suspended,
00:13:46meaning everyone is in a state of anticipation. We will follow up here,
00:13:50so we are back to square one. It is clear that the Lebanese government
00:13:53and the President of this country
00:14:26have given all their authority to America.
00:14:29When they abandoned the legal authority
00:14:33of the Lebanese government and the sovereignty of this country,
00:14:36therefore, they have nothing left to rely on.
00:14:40And the Lebanese resistance
00:14:42has a problem, and it does not even negotiate.
00:14:46This goes back to the fact that
00:14:49in these circumstances, it is America
00:14:53that decides
00:15:00for the Lebanese government. And contrary to what Mr. Joseph said,
00:15:04that Donald Trump is my friend
00:15:07and will secure Lebanon's interests, the Americans said
00:15:10that we for Israel
00:15:13Therefore, what happens is that
00:15:16the situation in southern Lebanon will also be assigned
00:15:20to Israel's request in the security, military,
00:15:23and political attachments,
00:15:27based on a scheduled timetable and Israel's priorities.
00:15:31America, as a supporter of Israel,
00:15:35must oversee the agreement
00:15:37that, according to Mr. Nabih Berri, the Speaker of the Lebanese Parliament,
00:15:41was stillborn. That is,
00:15:44not even one percent of what the President of Lebanon had promised
00:15:48in this agreement, which was supposed to be implemented
00:15:50for the benefit of Lebanon, this
00:15:54will announce the death of the negotiations and there will be no withdrawal.
00:15:57Now, what does this American general want to do when he comes?
00:16:00That is, in direct meetings
00:16:04with the Lebanese government,
00:16:16no agreement was reached. The American general
00:16:20here should
00:16:23oversee the implementation of an agreement if it is reached.
00:16:26When there is nothing, Lebanon has not gained
00:16:30any concessions. So what
00:16:33does he want to oversee? Now the Israelis are reviving
00:16:37very old files
00:16:38that are long dead.
00:16:41The discussion of Ronald and a number
00:16:44of other individuals who are from the Jews or Zionists
00:16:46in Lebanon. We had it, it's not even a point of contention,
00:16:50except for the Shebaa Farms.
00:16:53If there is anything in the border issue that is a point of contention,
00:16:56Lebanon's demands must be taken into consideration,
00:17:00as in 2000, when
00:17:03the Israeli withdrawal took place, the Lebanese demanded 13 points,
00:17:37saying that our Lebanese territory is further,
00:17:40it must be returned to Lebanon. You see,
00:17:44they said that what is happening in the negotiations
00:17:47between Lebanon and the Zionists is a negotiation
00:17:51between two parties, one Zionist
00:17:53and one even more Zionist. That is, the Zionist regime
00:17:57is negotiating with a delegation that is more Zionist than the Zionists.
00:18:01They have given all their authority to America.
00:18:04When it gives all its authority, there is nothing left
00:18:08to demand. Of course,
00:18:12amidst the news these days, one issue
00:18:15received less attention. And that is that
00:18:19it was in the news that the US representative in Greece
00:18:22advised the Lebanese Forces representative not to engage with Hezbollah.
00:18:25For the information of the viewers, I must say that the Lebanese Forces
00:18:29are the extremist Christian faction led by Geagea,
00:18:32and their animosity towards the resistance front is well-known.
00:18:36Why did he give this advice, Dr.? Yes, before that, I wanted to point out two important things.
00:18:39First, the head of the Maronite Christian Church in Lebanon,
00:18:43Bishop al-Rahi, met with Joseph last night,
00:18:46and the President confirmed to him that the negotiations were very excellent
00:18:50and had progressed, and that "we support you,"
00:18:54and he said that all Lebanese are behind him.
00:18:57This indicates that the failure in the negotiations required
00:19:01the head of the Maronite Church of Lebanon to come and support Joseph
00:19:05because there was a lot of criticism. The second point is Mr. Suleiman
00:19:08Frangieh, a prominent Christian minister
00:19:12in Lebanon, and he was also a presidential candidate.
00:19:15He criticized the negotiations and said, "Mr. Joseph,
00:19:19you made a mistake by going to negotiations without guarantees,
00:19:23and that America is the guarantor of these negotiations."
00:19:26He said, "This is a joke. America, which guarantees its own interests
00:19:30and Israel's interests, cannot secure Lebanon's interests."
00:19:34And the important point he said was that the Lebanese government
00:19:37now has the Lebanon file in America's hands,
00:19:40and they are using it in negotiations
00:19:44with the Islamic Republic of Iran. That is, a weakness
00:19:48in the resistance front that America
00:19:51is exploiting this card of the government
00:19:55that is in the hands of the Lebanese government.
00:19:59The discussion of the Kataeb or Phalanges,
00:20:03Samir Geagea, well, they started military training
00:20:06a long time ago. Their forces in Cyprus
00:20:10are receiving military training by the Americans.
00:20:13This number of about 3,000 troops
00:20:16has been prepared for conflict with Hezbollah,
00:20:19and this is always brought up. Even Samir Geagea himself
00:20:23once said that we have 15,000 troops, but he exaggerated.
00:20:26The statistics and what has been revealed or unofficially said
00:20:29is about 3,000. American achievements in Lebanon,
00:20:32especially the current Lebanese government, are considered an important achievement.
00:20:36And don't mess this up again. This is what we want.
00:20:39Yes, and Tombrak told Netanyahu,
00:20:43the US special envoy to Netanyahu, that we have
00:20:46a great achievement. Until now, there was no such thing
00:21:20in the history of Lebanon. The Lebanese government
00:21:23is cooperating with us, with America, and is securing
00:21:26the interests of America and Israel. If they disrupt the civil war
00:21:30or internal peace. It is not in their favor,
00:21:34because then Hezbollah can, because in terms of power,
00:21:38Hezbollah has not only a military base, but also a social base,
00:21:41a popular base, educational,
00:21:45health, and a large presence
00:21:48in Lebanon.
00:21:51That is, any security incident in Lebanon can completely
00:21:54destroy the Lebanese government. Therefore,
00:21:58a civil war is not in their favor, and we always
00:22:01say that Hezbollah wants peace in Lebanon.
00:22:05It does not accept civil war or internal sedition.
00:22:08But Samir Geagea himself was in prison for 9 years
00:22:12because he was a killer and blew up
00:22:15several Lebanese Christian churches.
00:22:19He had a life sentence for 9 years,
00:22:22but he was intervened, and he was sentenced to life imprisonment,
00:22:25but of course, 9 years of life imprisonment is not 9 years.
00:22:28You mean 9 years of imprisonment, not life imprisonment.
00:22:31He had life imprisonment, but a general amnesty was issued
00:22:35by the President and Prime Minister, Rafik Hariri,
00:22:38at that time, a general amnesty. with America's request to be released from prison, and he is currently a murderer who is seeking sedition in Lebanon. Now, this drone incident
00:22:42that has been in the news for a few days and it has been said that these very forces
00:22:45received a budget to buy drones from Ukraine,
00:22:48is this related to the issue
00:23:00that Dr. Shams mentioned? I personally criticize
00:23:04the news that was published that the Americans asked
00:23:07Geagea, from the Lebanese Forces Party,
00:23:11not to engage with Hezbollah. This broadcasting
00:23:14of this issue needs to be seen what its purpose is.
00:23:17First of all, the Americans have a direct relationship
00:23:21with the extremist,
00:23:25right-wing Christian Lebanese Forces in Lebanon itself.
00:23:28They are at the US embassy
00:23:31every day, and they do everything
00:23:34there in all aspects,
00:23:37and issues like this are usually secret
00:23:39and are not broadcast. When this is announced,
00:23:43one must see what the purpose is. What really exists
00:23:46and we have repeatedly referred to this issue before,
00:23:49Mr. Dr. Shams himself was following this file
00:23:53in his media attachment.
00:23:57Yes, that was that at
00:24:00Hamat Military Airport in northern Lebanon,
00:24:04American planes continuously import
00:24:08weapons shipments. A portion of these weapons,
00:24:11at least a portion of these weapons, goes
00:24:13to the Geagea group.
00:24:17Right here, Mr. Seyed, excuse me, the area where Hamat Airport is located
00:24:20is also a Lebanese Forces area. Yes, you see,
00:24:24from East Beirut or East Beirut to the city of Tripoli,
00:24:28yes, this region
00:24:31has a demographic geography, which is even
00:24:35a topic of discussion. That in the division of Lebanon,
00:24:39which is Israel's strategic goal, this region would become
00:24:42a Christian mini-state, and
00:24:45completely aligned with Israel.
00:24:49In the east, in the middle,
00:24:52this region in Beirut
00:24:56or East Beirut has the US embassy
00:24:59as a strategic military base, which bears no resemblance to an embassy at all.
00:25:02The sheer volume of fortifications, facilities,
00:25:05and equipment in that embassy and the construction and area it occupies,
00:25:09this embassy is a military fortress. Then there is Hamat Airport,
00:25:13and then we reach the point where it converges
00:25:16with the city of Tripoli. In this region,
00:25:19the Lebanese Forces are active there. The arms shipments
00:25:21that have reached them, and Mr. Dr. mentioned
00:25:25the resumption of military training courses
00:25:28for Christian youth affiliated with this party,
00:25:32and in fact, the Lebanese Forces' effort
00:25:36to militarize the Christian community.
00:25:39And now the drone issue is being raised.
00:25:42The drone issue, if it wants to happen,
00:25:46if it wants to destabilize us,
00:25:50it is now proven that drones play an effective role
00:25:54in wars. Now, what is their plan
00:25:57for this? Are they seeking civil war and internal instability,
00:26:01or not? Do the Lebanese Forces
00:26:03really want to once again drag
00:26:06Christians into
00:26:09the trap of internal sedition and civil war,
00:26:13which in the civil wars
00:26:16from 1975 until now?
00:26:20Hezbollah and the resistance will use Geagea, Ahmad Shah and others.
00:26:22Yes, for a few days now,
00:26:24news has been published that some Lebanese sources
00:26:28have said that some specific Lebanese merchants
00:26:30are buying some
00:27:02large companies in Lebanon.
00:27:06Antoine Sahnaoui is said to have bought 40%
00:27:10of a large company called Solidere,
00:27:13and people like Red al-Saada, a Lebanese-French
00:27:17merchant, have also acquired and bought companies related
00:27:20to bread production. What's the story? What's going to happen
00:27:24and why in this situation? A complementary point on the situation
00:27:27of Lebanese Christians. The Phalanges or Samir's forces.
00:27:31It is true that they currently have influence in the government,
00:27:34and they have the support of America and Saudi Arabia,
00:27:38and they also have stronger media.
00:27:41However, in terms of the Christian population of Lebanon, the Jibran Bassil faction
00:27:45is not the majority, but their presence
00:27:48now provides them with a suitable opportunity to gain influence within the government
00:27:51and they also have American support. However, regarding Antoine Sahnaoui,
00:27:54we saw a few days ago a photo and a meeting of Antoine Sahnaoui
00:27:57with Netanyahu in America.
00:28:01He is a well-known Lebanese
00:28:07businessman and investor, and he also has political activities.
00:28:10He financially supported a number of members of parliament
00:28:13in the recent elections and their victory in the elections
00:28:17was due to the financial support of Antoine Sahnaoui.
00:28:20The purchase of land and companies started a long time ago, and it is not clear where this is going.
00:28:24That is, in Lebanon, we have a law
00:28:28that sets a specific percentage for foreign purchases.
00:28:31They cannot have extensive purchases. Therefore, Sahnaoui's connection
00:28:35with the Zionists is clear. Their meeting with Netanyahu
00:28:38itself shows that he is a special
00:28:41American, and he is proud
00:28:45that he is with Israel and America, and he talks about peace and normalization.
00:28:49Therefore, now Solidere company,
00:28:52which is the most important company in Beirut,
00:28:55in upper Beirut, they call it Solidere.
00:28:59He has bought one-third of the shares of this company
00:29:04himself, and yesterday,
00:29:07in the government meeting, the extension for 14 years
00:29:11for this company was approved.
00:29:14This company also does not pay taxes
00:29:17to the government since the day Prime Minister Rafik Hariri
00:29:20founded this Solidere. Mostly,
00:29:24yes, the whole city of Beirut
00:29:26in the capital Beirut, a whole new city was built
00:29:30by a large company and it's a holding company,
00:29:35so to speak. Yes, and now
00:29:39Sahnaoui's one-third ownership worries the Lebanese that this
00:29:42part of Solidere will tomorrow
00:29:45be used to pressure
00:29:49and say that they bought, not bought, they occupied
00:29:53and then sold to the settlers in southern Lebanon.
00:29:56I think public opinion has also become sensitive
00:30:00to this story. There was a rally
00:30:33in Martyrs' Square in Beirut, opposite the Prime Minister's office,
00:30:37where Antoine Sahnaoui's name was mentioned many times.
00:30:40I think in less than 30
00:30:44seconds, the event that happened
00:30:48in occupied Palestine is in the collective memory
00:30:51of the nation.
00:30:52The
00:30:56incident that occurred in occupied Palestine is in the collective memory of the nation.