Google Cloud Speech-to-Text API (Chirp) + Gemini 2.5 Flash Non-Thinking. Treat it as a searchable index of what was broadcast, not a quotation record.
00:00:00successfully disinfected, here Goodbye! practically, She desired nothing else from
00:00:03with the exception of the left thumb, it got everywhere, yes.
00:00:07However, when we look at the back of the hand, it is clear that while the right hand
00:00:10was mostly covered, the left hand barely received any.
00:00:13In such cases, we can decide to ask the person to thoroughly
00:00:17disinfect their hands again before allowing them to the nursing ward.
00:00:30thank you.
00:00:30I really liked
00:00:37it. I especially liked that a young
00:00:40team approached healthcare from a different angle,
00:00:44meaning, not healthcare problems,
00:00:47but what we can solve. Someone who is not
00:00:50an expert in these topics only sees that the doctor
00:00:54washes their hands a bit under the tap, or with
00:00:58disinfectants. wiping, that's it, but I wouldn't have thought
00:01:01that it needs to be done so carefully,
00:01:05and that it's so dangerous. The numbers were shocking,
00:01:08and the fact that antibiotics are no longer omnipotent, that they don't solve
00:01:12all problems, deeply touched me, because I consider
00:01:16this device to be a great invention of the 21st
00:01:20century. I'm sorry
00:01:22that such a thing didn't exist in my time, that this is only
00:01:26a discovery of the present era. Everyone
00:01:29is waiting for speakers to apply to the academy. The stage is open, and those who would like
00:01:32to personally listen to our scientists' lectures can apply
00:01:36as audience members. Tomorrow, Dr. István Bitter,
00:01:40a psychiatrist, will give a lecture about how 4% of adults
00:01:43are affected by attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
00:01:46made her sensitive to Finally,
00:04:51was three years old when she became
00:04:54the retaliation a Dominican abbess. She dedicated her entire life to God,
00:04:57spending it in prayer for the suffering Hungarian nation.
00:05:00That is why she became the patron saint of Budapest.
00:05:04Welcome, dear viewers. Today we present to you the life of
00:05:07Saint Margaret of the House of Árpád, who lived here
00:05:11on the old Rabbit Island, today Margaret Island.
00:05:14Saint Margaret of the House of Árpád
00:06:16was born in a time when the Hungarian nation reached a turning point,
00:06:19and this influenced her entire life.
00:06:22With the help of Sister Hedvig Deák, we will try to get some picture
00:06:26of what kind of child and woman Margaret might have been,
00:06:29and what her personality conveys to people today.
00:06:48"Her parents, at least according to the sources, offered her to God
00:06:51after her birth for suffering Hungary.
00:06:55How common was it back then for someone, say a king, to make such a
00:06:59gesture? In reality, it was not at all exceptional at that time for someone
00:07:02to offer their child to serve God, in fact,
00:07:06it could even be considered common
00:07:09in a certain sense. That families
00:07:13somewhat viewed their children as a
00:07:16long-term investment, if I may use
00:07:18that expression, yes. Firstly, and secondly, they believed
00:07:22that this was, so to speak, like a
00:07:25life insurance, in a way, that if their child was
00:07:29consecrated to the service of God, then this would ensure the eternal salvation
00:07:33of the entire family. In the royal family, however,
00:07:36this was not so characteristic,
00:07:39since in the royal family,
00:07:43children were obviously subject to very serious
00:07:47political interests, so to speak. So their careers,
00:07:50marriages, etc., all had to serve the interests of the country
00:07:54and the ruler. So in a certain sense, this was a
00:07:57special gesture, a gesture of faith on the part of the royal couple
00:08:01that they did this. There was such a gesture, but later the king
00:08:04wanted to marry Margaret off, and she said no
00:08:08several times. How did she have the courage to do that
00:08:11as a woman back then? "To say no to a king
00:08:14while young, in a convent, can only be understood
00:08:18from Margaret's sense of vocation, that she dedicated her life to God
00:08:21and only wanted to live for Him. This came entirely from within
00:08:25her, and she completely identified with this
00:08:28calling, and from this, it is understandable
00:08:31that she also said no to the king.
00:08:35It is very interesting that King Béla IV seems to have been a very pragmatic man, and when he saw
00:08:39that the interests of the country demanded it, he thought
00:08:42that Margaret should also be married off.
00:08:45But Margaret had already taken vows, so
00:08:49she was a nun and so on,
00:08:51and she felt that she still wanted to serve Jesus.
00:09:30This is a special thing, because this era
00:09:33is precisely when women who make their own decisions
00:09:36and express their own will appear
00:09:39in history. Margaret's
00:09:43aunt, Saint Elizabeth, is such a person, about whom it was recorded that she rode a horse like a man,
00:09:47loved to gallop with her hair loose in the wind,
00:09:50and here Margaret stands before us, this fragile little
00:09:54nun, who contradicts one of the most powerful
00:09:57kings of her time, her father,
00:10:00and after that she silently and
00:10:04patiently endures
00:10:07inflicted upon her by her companions,
00:10:10who are incredibly angry. because in his anger, the king
00:10:14withdraws donations, and obviously a king's anger
00:10:17is not good for such a community. She does the dirtiest
00:10:21work, takes on the hardest
00:10:24tasks. She cares for the sick, helpless
00:10:27nuns, cares for her companions.
00:10:40She does all this with humility in the knowledge
00:10:43and in the spirit that she is
00:10:47a living sacrifice for this homeland,
00:10:50for this country, and this is visibly not
00:10:54a burden for her. She does not mourn for herself, does not
00:10:57pity herself, but she is a
00:11:00lively and very sweet young lady. We are talking to Father Ferenc Berán
00:11:48in the most authentic place on Margaret Island, here among
00:11:52the ruins. "What might a day in Margaret's life have been like here on the island,
00:12:00as a child, and then as an adult? I think
00:12:03she must have thought a lot, she was much more mature
00:12:07than her age. Family problems
00:12:11suffering, and I think she herself suffered a lot.
00:12:15It was recorded that here, in Veszprém,
00:12:19she once stopped in front of the crucifix and cried
00:12:22and asked who was on the crucifix, and they told her it was
00:12:26Jesus, who died for us, and this was
00:12:29so heartbreaking in her life, it was decisive
00:12:32that someone died for us, and so slowly, slowly,
00:12:36I think she realized that her
00:12:39life was a sacrifice. I've never been to this part of Margaret Island.
00:12:55Where are we now? In the place
00:12:58where the monastery's church
00:13:01was. Here was the sanctuary,
00:13:05the sanctuary of the church,
00:13:07and presumably the monks
00:13:11took their
00:13:12places here.
00:13:18Can you tell us a little about this devotional object, what is it?
00:13:21Yes, it's one of the jewels or prides of a parish priest.
00:13:25"Recently, in the evening, we received from Cardinal Péter Erdő
00:13:28a simple crucifix
00:13:31containing a bone relic,
00:13:35So she is here, this is an authentic
00:13:39bone relic. It's interesting to connect the
00:13:42crucifix with her bone and her life here.
00:13:46Margaret, you know, died here on the island,
00:13:50what do we know, where was she buried? Was she buried there?"
00:13:54She was buried there, her grave was
00:13:57there, and when the Turks occupied
00:14:00the island, or rather Hungary and from that the island,
00:14:03then the Dominican nuns took her
00:14:07body to Pozsony, and
00:14:10her body is still most likely there.
00:14:34Saint Margaret, in her life and death, inspired countless artists,
00:14:37and among others, the Esztergom Basilica and the Esztergom Christian Museum
00:14:40also preserve devotional objects and artworks
00:14:44that can be connected to her.
00:14:45And representations of Saint Margaret
00:14:55of the House of Árpád from the Middle Ages
00:14:58are rare, at least - and especially so in Hungary, this
00:15:02is undoubtedly true. What exists
00:15:05is mainly across Europe and mainly
00:15:09connected to the Dominican order. This is obviously related to the question
00:15:13of Margaret's canonization, which already arose
00:15:15in the second half of the 13th century, after Margaret's death,
00:15:19and then was repeatedly attempted for centuries, but practically
00:15:22only happened in the 20th century. So this obviously
00:15:26intensively influenced her cult,
00:15:30and also the appearance of representations
00:15:33related to her cult. It is also very interesting to observe
00:15:37that the various attempts at canonization,
00:15:40the new and new attempts,
00:15:44also increased the number of such relics. So
00:15:47every time relics appear
00:15:51that can be connected to such a canonization attempt.
00:15:54Among the depictions of Saint Margaret of the House of Árpád,
00:15:58the most famous artwork preserved in Hungary
00:16:01is undoubtedly the colored
00:16:04woodcut made in the second half of the 15th century
00:16:07at the Esztergom Christian Museum. Sister Margaret stood out
00:16:10among all of them
00:16:13with her humility. God's unconditional love
00:16:15and service filled her with spiritual peace and boundless
00:16:19happiness.
00:16:22life. In her convent work,
00:16:26in the persistent care of the sick, in helping
00:16:29the poor, and in prayer,
00:16:32fasting, and the
00:16:34mortification of her own body,
00:16:38she was so zealous that many already revered
00:16:41her as a saint during her lifetime. Many others, for example,
00:16:44her sisters in the convent, did not like her excessive
00:16:48zeal, and so sometimes understandably, sometimes merely out of envy,
00:16:51they were mean to her or complained about her. Jesus Christ, however, granted
00:16:55special grace to his chosen bride and servant,
00:16:59who performed many miracles during her earthly life,
00:17:02and experienced beautiful raptures.
00:17:05Do you want the sun to shine in?
00:17:15"Indeed, we would wish it from our hearts, but it is impossible,
00:17:19for it is night.
00:17:30What miracles do we know about? Firstly, there are miracles that happened
00:17:34in her life, which are very
00:17:36interesting. "Perhaps the one
00:17:40that the sources describe in great detail is the miracle of the Danube overflowing,
00:17:44for example, when they don't believe her that
00:17:46Marcelus, the provincial, her confessor,
00:17:49the head of the Dominican province, comes, and Margaret tells him
00:17:53that not long ago the Danube rose so much, or the water level
00:17:56rose so high, that it even entered the convent, and Marcelus says, well, that's just
00:18:00a fairy tale. And then
00:18:03Margaret prays to God that
00:18:07she never lied, to show that she is right, and then the Danube overflows again.
00:18:11So, these kinds of miracles also happen,
00:18:14as well as those where Margaret sees into the hearts of others,
00:18:18knows their thoughts, and there's also talk of healing
00:18:20the sick in her life. Another very large group
00:18:37of miracles are those that happened through her intercession
00:18:40after her death. These generally, or
00:18:44almost exclusively, happened at her tomb. Her tomb became
00:18:47a place of pilgrimage very early on. Many came from all
00:18:50parts of the country seeking healing, or wanting to receive some grace,
00:18:56extensive list of these miracles, which
00:18:59were included in the earliest sources. So these were precisely
00:19:03documented, obviously with the means and medical knowledge
00:19:06of the time.
00:19:08But these are documented, who it was, what happened
00:19:12to them, there are witnesses,
00:19:13etc.
00:19:20she not only prayed, but also mortified herself,
00:19:24which is very strange for us.
00:19:27What do you think about this, why was it necessary, why
00:19:30did she need to give such a testimony to God? The medieval
00:19:33person's relationship with the body was different.
00:19:37So the idea that the body must be subjected
00:19:41to the soul was an important program for the medieval person.
00:19:45It's not certain that it came easier to them, but it was much
00:19:48more conscious, and for monks, it was
00:19:52much, much more central. So, on the one hand, there was
00:19:56something in this that was a characteristic of monastic life at the time,
00:19:59these forms of penance. But
00:20:03besides that, there is also a part of this
00:20:06that is specific to Margaret. Because she received a special
00:20:10calling, not just as a nun, but also
00:20:13as someone who wanted to do penance for the whole
00:20:17Church. She even says this,
00:20:21during the civil war between her father
00:20:24and her brother, she says that she wants to offer her penance
00:20:28for the whole Church, and in this way,
00:20:31so to speak, to return God's love,
00:20:35or to show her love for God
00:20:38through these penances as well. So this is, so to speak, an intercession
00:20:42for others for
00:20:43her.
00:20:50"She identified with the suffering Jesus, so she tried to experience
00:20:54the sufferings that Jesus experienced,
00:20:57and it was not self-punishment in the sense
00:21:01that she did not suffer for her own sins, but she offered this
00:21:04for the nation, and she became more and more
00:21:07identified with this.
00:21:10A few years ago, the Újszínház performed the play "The Sacrifice,"
00:21:13which depicts the life of Saint Margaret. Margaret consciously accepted the role of sacrifice
00:21:17to save her homeland. Without her, posterity could not
00:21:20call Béla IV the second founder.
00:21:23Even after many years,
00:21:28Margaret's personality retained its magic
00:21:32in the soul of the actress who portrayed her.
00:21:35Does anything from the role remain in the actor?
00:21:38I think so, even if it's not obvious
00:21:41in everyday life. At least I feel that something remained.
00:21:44For example, what always attracted me
00:21:47to Margaret was her rebelliousness, and I am probably susceptible
00:21:51to that in my character. And the rebellion itself,
00:21:54or the resistance, that
00:21:58is something that still remained in me from Margaret,
00:22:01yes. For a person today,
00:22:04it is incomprehensible how
00:22:05Saint Margaret of Árpád
00:22:09was able to live as a young child in a convent,
00:22:12among nuns, far from her parents.
00:22:15I think for today's person, these things
00:22:27are very far away and very, very
00:22:30unattainable, so
00:22:34this was what I tried very hard
00:22:37to understand, how character develops
00:22:41from the age of three in such a sense of mission, which I
00:22:44struggled with personally as an actor.
00:22:48And as a private person,
00:22:50I always imagined my relationship with God as
00:22:54an easy and intimate
00:22:56and pleasant relationship.
00:23:00In contrast, I couldn't understand where to put asceticism,
00:23:04why God needs me to reach
00:23:07a certain place through
00:23:10pain, where we will meet God.
00:23:14Why does Margaret choose systematic self-torture?
00:23:17And obviously, that this is a ritualistic
00:23:21thing, and in that time,
00:23:24it was an accepted
00:23:27and probably well-thought-out practice,
00:23:31and it had some tradition, it was customary
00:23:34for them to wear studded belts
00:23:37and scourge themselves. Then I realized that this pain
00:23:41is ultimately about seeking an altered state of consciousness,
00:23:45probably these people, and through this pain,
00:23:48or through these Christ-like sufferings, they can
00:23:52connect with God in such, how should I say,
00:23:55an altered state of consciousness, and this was difficult for me as an actor
00:23:59to understand, why the path to God led through the path
00:24:02of pain. This was difficult for me.
00:24:19"Do we know anything about the circumstances of her death?
00:24:23Margaret died very young, she was about
00:24:2628 years old then. Um,
00:24:30actually, it is evident, or as the sources describe her life,
00:24:34and exactly this penance,
00:24:37then service, etc., this exhausted
00:24:40her strength very early on. And we don't know exactly
00:24:43what disease she died from,
00:24:46she died after a short illness
00:24:50among her fellow nuns. If she were sitting here
00:24:53among us, and we asked her what message she would send
00:24:57to people today, what would she say to us? I know
00:25:00it's a very difficult question, but when one talks about saints, one tries
00:25:04to bring them closer, what is that handhold, what is that thought,
00:25:08that would make me want to talk to her? I think
00:25:11it's a bit difficult to talk about saints like this,
00:25:15partly because we see them schematically, and partly because we think
00:25:19they are so far beyond our world that
00:25:23we have nothing to do with it, or there is no common
00:25:26ground. Looking at Margaret's life, I think what is so
00:25:29incredibly exciting about her is that she lived in a convent,
00:25:33about 100 people lived there, by the way, in her time in the
00:25:36Margaret Island convent, it was a huge
00:25:39community, and everyone lived the life there that
00:25:43the rules prescribed. And then suddenly Margaret comes,
00:25:47and she embarked on a path, a path of relationship with God,
00:25:50that no one else had walked before, actually. And even today we don't know
00:25:54where she learned this, or where she got it from, that she had a completely
00:25:58different relationship with God than all the others.
00:26:02Although they also got courage from her. So if she
00:26:05were sitting here, she would probably say this,
00:26:08or she would send this message of courage,
00:26:12even today, that we should have the courage
00:26:15to embark on this kind of path in our relationship with God.
00:26:19It's very - if we look at her life, it's clear
00:26:23that it wasn't so easy for her either, she didn't have specialized literature,
00:26:27and she didn't have help, and she couldn't go here and there
00:26:30to gather information. But she still dared to embark
00:26:34on this path completely alone.
00:26:39The fundamental word of her entire life is atonement.
00:26:43When she was born in Klissa
00:26:45in 1242, her parents, in a desperate
00:26:49and hopeless situation, offered her, so to speak,
00:26:52as a gift to God. One could say at 12,
00:26:5516, or 18 years old
00:26:59that this is my parents' story, but now
00:27:02I want to live my own life. But she doesn't
00:27:05do that; instead, she consciously embraces
00:27:08what others said about her, she makes what
00:27:12was born in the hearts of others
00:27:15her own heart's thought, and enters into the process,
00:27:18into a beautiful current, of atonement. Which is perhaps
00:27:22a difficult word for today's mind, because what does atonement mean?
00:27:26It means that we did something wrong, and then we correct
00:27:29it with something good. But she didn't do anything wrong. Why should
00:27:33she atone? Well, as an innocent child,
00:27:37she was born into a situation.
00:27:40And here returns the idea that it's a very strange aspect
00:27:43of our lives when we experience
00:27:47that we have a kind of great solidarity,
00:27:50or community network with our parents, with our broader
00:27:54community, with our nation, with
00:27:57our human circles, where it may be that my personal
00:28:01cause-and-effect connections do not define my path.
00:28:04I did something wrong, I need to make it right with something
00:28:08good, but rather it's about
00:28:12my community having burdens,
00:28:15which I can transform with my conscious commitment,
00:28:18with my conscious actions. I can perhaps promote
00:28:21the good of my entire human community
00:28:24by bringing my own life into this
00:28:27game as a gift, as a value.
00:28:31"What Margaret
00:28:39conveys to me, or what Margaret
00:28:42symbolizes, is that
00:28:45one must think beyond the material,
00:28:49and there is life beyond the material.
00:28:52Not the material, so today's person is very much in the material,
00:28:56very much in their body, and Margaret is the one
00:28:58who, I think, is like a Hungarian
00:29:01Joan of Arc, showing
00:29:05that the world, life, human existence,
00:29:07transcends the material.
00:29:13It was recorded about Margaret that her fellow nuns
00:29:16were astonished to see that when she prayed alone
00:29:20at night in the convent
00:29:23chapel, she almost floated above the ground,
00:29:26because she raised her heart to the Lord,
00:29:29and thus became a nation's
00:29:32savior, and according to Hungarian tradition,
00:29:36after her heavenly birthday, she became
00:29:39a constant intercessor for our homeland, for our nation,
00:29:43for the foundations of Christianity, our patroness,
00:29:46who prays
00:29:48for us.
00:29:51After what we have seen and heard, I think we can safely say
00:29:55that Saint Margaret is not a shadow of the past, not a spirit of the past,
00:29:59but someone who