Google Cloud Speech-to-Text API (Chirp) + Gemini 2.5 Flash Non-Thinking. Treat it as a searchable index of what was broadcast, not a quotation record.
00:00:04day, more than a third of
00:00:12We've all been there,
00:00:14sector. It's one of impatiently waiting as a computer struggles to keep up, and AI
00:00:18applications have taken demands for computing power to a whole new
00:00:22level. Last year, Europe's fastest supercomputer
00:00:25went online in Germany. It can perform more than a
00:00:29quintillion calculations every second. Yet that's
00:00:32not even leading the pack. China's latest model is thought to
00:00:36be twice as quick, and future computers could soon grow faster
00:00:40than ever before as they tap into the power of the quantum
00:00:44world.
00:00:48How that works and what it means
00:01:00university David Nadligan actually just wanted to
00:01:03show us where the quantum computer sits among all the lasers
00:01:07and optical setups. But now the
00:01:09whole system has been thrown out of
00:01:12whack. Precision is in the micrometer
00:01:16range, and something has shifted slightly. The optical
00:01:19fiber has a diameter of just few micrometers, and we try to map
00:01:23this atom exactly onto the fiber. So you're
00:01:27trying to aim exactly.
00:01:30This is a single atom, very little light. The
00:01:33image forms somewhere here in the middle, but we have
00:01:37almost no way to make it
00:01:38brighter.
00:01:44The basement labs at the elite university may look pretty
00:01:48cluttered, but they could be the birthplace of a key breakthrough in
00:01:51quantum computing
00:01:52performance.
00:02:00In an era, our understanding was used to build lasers and
00:02:03transistors, all this modern technology. Now we're
00:02:07using those tools to manipulate individual atoms, to
00:02:10get them to store information. Is the atom in one state or
00:02:13another? Is it a zero or a one, or both at the same
00:02:16time?
00:02:19Both at once. That's the special part when everything is
00:02:23possible at the same
00:02:25time.
00:02:28To solve a maze, for example, a quantum computer could
00:02:31calculate all the possible paths at once rather
00:02:35than trying one after another like a conventional
00:02:38computer, and that makes a huge difference with
00:02:42every additional bit of information. Here the
00:02:45atom's computing power doubles, grows
00:02:47exponentially, and that's the
00:02:49quantum property, the color of promise of quantum physics to provide access to this
00:02:52computational
00:02:56capacity. Exponential.
00:04:30The quantum world, we can use
00:04:33new techniques which are not susceptible to being broken
00:04:37by a quantum computer. So quantum communication gives
00:04:40us one of one way to do that. The thing
00:04:44is that in the world of quantum physics, simply observing
00:04:48particles changes them. That principle
00:04:51is now being used in practice. In London,
00:04:54a quantum secure network is being tested for the
00:04:58first time. In it, companies exchange secure
00:05:01keys via quantum encryption, though range and
00:05:05data rates remain limited.
00:05:08Andrew demonstrates the system. Instead of sending
00:05:11simple pulses of light through optical fibers, they
00:05:15carry individual photons that are set to a particular
00:05:18quantum state. If
00:05:21an eavesdropper tries to eavesdrop on the encoded
00:05:24single photons en route, that act actually changes their
00:05:28encoding, and the change in the encoding can be sensed by the
00:05:32system as errors in the shared bit
00:05:35sequence. When an error rate
00:05:38rises, the receiver detects eavesdropping and stops
00:05:42transmission. Observation changes
00:05:46the information. That aspect is unique to the
00:05:50quantum world. It's as though a book were not really a
00:05:54book, independent of us and unchanging,
00:05:58but instead was altered by the act of reading
00:06:01it.
00:06:03Quantum encryption is coming, but so are quantum
00:06:07computers. The race is on. Back in
00:06:10Oxford, the system is up and running again. It could
00:06:14become the turbo motor at the heart of a future large-
00:06:17scale quantum computer.
00:06:19Experiments with lasers and mirrors bundle light and
00:06:23send it to the machine's
00:06:24core.
00:06:27That's a simple microchip holding a single strontium
00:06:31atom which reaches a state of excitement when struck by the
00:06:34laser. The atom
00:06:37emits
00:06:40protons, and we can see them.
00:07:23It's perhaps the strangest phenomenon in quantum physics, one that can be illustrated with
00:07:25socks.
00:07:28Imagine it like this: two people represent the
00:07:32atoms in our quantum computers. Their
00:07:35socks are the light photons for exchanging
00:07:38information. The color of those socks represents
00:07:42a quantum property, their
00:07:44polarization. Who is wearing which
00:07:48color doesn't matter. At least
00:07:51until at the quantum level, David and Andrew become
00:07:54entangled. That means the two are no longer independent, but
00:07:58form a single system. The
00:08:02the socks is now inseparably linked. And
00:08:05now, as crazy as it sounds, David and Andrew can
00:08:08move as far apart as they want, yet remain entangled.
00:08:12But as soon as an atom is measured, the sock colors are
00:08:16determined again, at exactly the same moment, and always
00:08:19in opposition to one another. So even from the other
00:08:22side of the world, Andrew would know that if his sock is green, then
00:08:26David's is
00:08:27red.
00:08:31Does this really happen?
00:08:34David has written a program to prove that his two quantum
00:08:38computers really are entangled.
00:10:25cats, or rather the millions of images of them
00:10:28found online. In an age of AI, can you tell
00:10:31which cats are real and which are fake? A new technology
00:10:35could help us spot the
00:10:37difference.
00:10:41This is a real photo of a real cat, and
00:10:45this is an image created by AI. Without human
00:10:49help, how can we tell which is real and which is
00:10:52fake?
00:10:55That question is being explored at the Swiss Federal Institute of
00:10:58Technology in Basel. There,
00:11:01researchers have developed a chip that records a picture's
00:11:04authenticity at the moment it's taken.
00:11:08Felix Franka worked on the
00:11:09project.
00:11:12The chip is a sensor. It could, for instance, be part of a camera
00:11:15sensor that captures light and directly within the sensor
00:11:19a watermark is generated that later guarantees we'll be able to verify the
00:11:22image is real, not artificial.
00:11:26Here's how the technology works: every time the
00:11:29camera takes a photo, a special chip inside the sensor
00:11:33creates an invisible stamp, a kind of certificate of
00:11:37authenticity.
00:11:40With this, you can determine whether an image truly comes from, say, a smartphone
00:11:44camera or another physical sensor, and not from an artificial
00:11:47source. The chip is still a
00:11:51prototype, but the technology could eventually be built into
00:12:25smartphones. At Zurich-based Pixel Vision, deep fake detection
00:12:28is already in
00:12:29use.
00:12:33The company develops identity verification systems for
00:12:37customers like banks or telecoms
00:12:39firms. Their systems have to be able to
00:12:42distinguish real images from fake ones, because fraud
00:12:46has grown common in identity checks involving portrait
00:12:50photos.
00:12:55These people don't actually exist. They're
00:12:58100% artificially generated
00:13:00images. Some look unnatural, but others are
00:13:04already so good that it's hard to tell whether or not they're
00:13:07real. Together with the
00:13:11Swiss-based research institute, Pixel
00:13:15Vision developed an AI that can detect manipulated
00:13:18images. This
00:13:21software
00:14:30works for now, but because criminals are constantly developing
00:14:34new ways to create deep fakes, the software has to be
00:14:37continuously retrained. That's the
00:14:40only way to ensure it'll be able to keep identifying
00:14:43manipulated images in the
00:14:45future.
00:14:49It sounds a little crazy. We keep
00:14:52developing AI systems to detect the increasingly convincing
00:14:55fakes created by other AI systems. But
00:14:59those systems can do so much more, and in the future,
00:15:03in combination with robotics, AI could save
00:15:07lives. In fact, AI-powered robot
00:15:10dogs are already helping us identify
00:15:13dangers before they become
00:15:15threats.
00:15:19Robots are growing more and more agile in today's
00:15:22workplaces, especially in dangerous environments. They're
00:15:25increasingly able to support humans by taking on
00:15:29tasks that require more independence.
00:15:32Researchers and track's development in the world of
00:15:36robots.
00:16:39The robot dog can search for puddles in places where there shouldn't
00:16:42be any, and also carry a range of devices to distant
00:16:46destinations. Even long staircases don't
00:16:49keep it from bringing its sensors exactly where they're
00:16:52needed. And with rapid advances in software,
00:16:56robots like these are also increasingly
00:16:59savvy.
00:17:01What's exciting here is that many
00:17:03people know CH.
00:18:07that they decided to invest about 200,000 to
00:18:11give the robot a permanent home in Kiel. For
00:18:15now it just raises alerts when something goes
00:18:18wrong. It still doesn't act autonomously.
00:18:21Researchers at Kiel University are
00:18:25pushing the envelope more. They want to deploy robots
00:18:28for autonomous tasks like firefighting to reduce
00:18:32potential risk to human
00:18:33life. Especially for this...
00:20:22Now back to quantum computers. With their
00:20:25extraordinary power and characteristics, they could one
00:20:28day break encryption methods that are currently considered
00:20:31unbreakable. What can we do to protect ourselves
00:20:35from this kind of quantum digital
00:20:40attack? Here, more than anywhere else, money is king.
00:20:43Canary Wharf in London's financial district, an estimated
00:20:47$3.8 trillion in foreign exchange trades
00:20:51are processed here every
00:20:54the total volume
00:20:56globally.
00:20:59The rapid development of quantum computing has shaken the
00:21:04the biggest risks we've ever seen in terms of threat to
00:21:07cryptography. Europe's largest bank has
00:21:11220,000 employees and rakes in
00:21:1425 billion dollars in profit
00:21:16annually.
00:21:19A lot of systems that protect customer data and
00:21:23payments, um, and that keep it secure, and
00:21:26it is the bedrock of security in the financial services system,
00:21:30and that is at risk from emerging quantum computing
00:21:33capability. A lot of money could be stolen, a lot of money can be
00:21:37stolen, a lot of disruption could be had. It will
00:21:40undermine the very foundation of trust in the
00:21:44financial services system. And if a quantum computer
00:21:47is used to break cryptography, it could result in
00:21:51catastrophic loss of confidence, not just in banks, but in the financial
00:21:54system as a whole. Hackers in countries like China and Russia
00:21:58attack data networks worldwide. At the same
00:22:02time, the Chinese government invests more than any other in quantum
00:22:05computing. Secure encryption has become a geopolitical
00:22:09necessity. Banks are top targets for cyber
00:22:11criminals, and other areas that
00:22:15are going to be under particular kind of threat is
00:22:19national security, and government type of, uh, data,
00:22:22um, health and energy and infrastructure. So it's a
00:22:26pan-industry problem. Germany's
00:22:29Bundesbank, for example, assumes more than 5,000 cyber
00:22:32attacks occur per minute. Firewalls,
00:22:35antivirus programs, and autonomous defense software
00:22:38can help, but you can't fully monitor the entire network all
00:22:42the time. Bank data, digital
00:22:46signatures, medical information, genetic data, without secure
00:22:50networks, modern life harbors big risks. The
00:22:54ability to encrypt data securely is vital.
00:22:57Current encryption methods are based on math problems that are
00:23:01easy to solve in one direction, but practically impossible in the
00:23:05other. Take what's called prime factorization.
00:23:09With small numbers, it's simple: 15 is the
00:23:12product of 3 * 5. So
00:23:15the next 77 is the product of 7 *
00:23:1911.
00:23:22But the larger the product, the more difficult it is to find the
00:23:26prime factors that produced it. So already
00:23:30you can see that it's quite easy to go from these two numbers,
00:23:33multiply these two numbers, and get uh the large number, but really
00:23:37quite difficult to go back um in reverse.
00:23:41And uh now I have - one more uh
00:23:44integer which I'd like to show you in bold, and maybe you
00:23:47can you can factorize this and it's
00:23:50its prime factors for me, what do you think? Would you like to hazard a
00:23:54guess? How many digits was that? So
00:23:57this is actually a 637-
00:24:01digit digital decimal number, I should say, which
00:24:04corresponds to 2048
00:24:07uh binary digits. And this is the basis of the
00:24:10RSA that we use today. And in
00:24:14fact, it's been calculated that it would take the world's largest
00:24:17supercomputer, El Capitan,
00:24:20something like 100 million years to find the prime
00:24:24factors of this number. If we had a quantum computer, on the other hand,
00:24:28with um 4,000 logical qubits, it could
00:24:31solve the same problem in minutes or in
00:24:34hours. That's the threat quantum
00:24:38computers pose to current security systems.
00:24:42Change is
00:24:43coming.
00:24:48So when will it happen?
00:25:50The power to
00:25:51disrupt.
00:27:16Pointing out the facts and revealing what lies behind political and social
00:27:20events is our daily task.
00:27:23Always current, but without sensation and lies, we choose topics
00:27:27important for the lives of citizens throughout Bosnia and Herzegovina.
00:27:31Only verified and timely news and stories have a
00:27:34place in the N1 daily. I am Marijana
00:27:37Kršo, you are watching
00:27:38N1.
00:27:45Aspirin Protect (100 mg) is recommended for people with
00:27:48high and very high risk of cardiovascular diseases,
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00:27:59Consult a doctor or pharmacist. Bayer.
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00:29:37Aspirin Protect 100 mg is recommended for people with
00:29:40high and very high risk of cardiovascular diseases, to
00:29:44reduce the risk of acute heart and brain strokes. Before
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00:29:51Consult a doctor or pharmacist.
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00:30:18Good day, dear viewers, events
00:30:20of the day.
00:30:24Miners from Zenica spent their second night in protest in the Raspotočje
00:30:28pit.
00:30:31Several fires recorded in HNK, firefighters still in
00:30:35the field near
00:30:36Konjic.
00:30:39The Central Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina has officially applied for
00:30:42accession to the SEPA
00:30:44area.
00:30:4918 miners from the Zenica Coal Mine spent their second
00:30:52night in the Raspotočje pit, where they decided
00:30:56to stay in protest due to delayed salaries.