Google Speech-to-Text API Automatic Transcription (Chirp). Treat it as a searchable index of what was broadcast, not a quotation record.
00:00:00to concentration in the atmosphere from combustion is changing our
00:00:04climate so much that we're seeing negative
00:00:07consequences for prosperity and world
00:00:10peace. the
00:00:14researchers are essentially searching for a way to recapture all
00:00:18that carbon. called netpec, their project brings
00:00:21of together scientists from range of
00:00:24of disciplines.feld is
00:00:25a climatologist, while Mattheus Mai works in the field of physical
00:00:29chemistry.
00:00:54a
00:01:00addition to the bubbles rising, black flakes are beginning to
00:01:04appear on the catalyst surface. That's the carbon we want
00:01:08to extract
00:01:08a from the process. The
00:01:12carbon flakes grow on the metal surface and are loosened
00:01:16by vibration. This is carbon in its
00:01:20purest form, graphite, like what's found in pencil
00:01:23led. It's non-toxic,
00:01:26of flame-resistant and can be
00:01:27of stored without any special precautions. "the
00:01:31catalyst determines what end products are produced, carbon flakes
00:01:35are just one option. the technology might still be in its
00:01:38infancy, but removing CO2 from the atmosphere is
00:01:42already being factored in to calculations involving
00:01:46a climate targets. im idealfall würden wir diese technologie nicht,
00:01:49ideally we wouldn't need this
00:01:51technology, ideally
00:01:55humanity would realize today that we need to stop burning
00:01:58hydrocarbons."
00:02:02of
00:02:30completely in the next
00:02:31of few years, even though that's what would actually be necessary to achieve
00:02:35climate targets and limit global warming to two degrees
00:02:38celsius. researchers compare the CO2 we're
00:02:42continuing to emit to an overdraft on your bank
00:02:45account.
00:02:54you can try to pay back the overdraft debt through what are known as
00:02:58negative emissions. This means that we
00:03:02extract CO2 that has already been released into the
00:03:05atmosphere and store it permanently. This makes it
00:03:09possible to still achieve these targets, at least in principle, but of
00:03:13course a higher
00:03:14cost.
00:03:18Time is
00:03:19of the essence. The netpec team is hoping for more funding so that it
00:03:23can work with more researchers to find solutions
00:03:26a to what is currently humanity's greatest problem.
00:03:31of In 10 years I want to be standing here and
00:03:35showing you mountains of carbon we've extracted from the
00:03:37atmosphere, better yet in
00:03:40of five years in winter in Europe when there are no
00:03:43leaves on the trees, there's little natural photosynthesis going
00:03:46on, but artificial photosynthesis could use
00:03:50every precious hour of sunshine in winter to continue removing
00:03:54CO2 from the atmosphere. Even then, however, it will play
00:03:58a secondary role.
00:04:42of
00:05:04Coming of up with a quick fix for the world's problems, that's not how the
00:05:08chemist next up on the show thinks. She also
00:05:11works with. ones that have evolved
00:05:14nature, in plants that sometimes have fascinating,
00:05:18exotic
00:05:18names.
00:05:24it may look and sound like a weed, but Japanese not
00:05:27weed, phalopia japonica can actually be a useful
00:05:30plant. harvested by hand to prevent damage, it
00:05:34grows almost everywhere along this tributary the river Rone in southern
00:05:38France. chemist Claude Grisson discovered it
00:05:42here.
00:05:49three to
00:05:50It grows four times faster than the other plants, so it suffocates biodiversity
00:05:54in this area, which has an exceptional array of plants, so it's a real
00:05:58catastrophy from ecological point of view, but also from
00:06:01economic point of view, because it chokes this tributary that should be
00:06:05regulating excess water from the run. One
00:06:09possibility would be to try and clear out the plants.
00:06:13but Claude Cruzant found a way to put them to good use. She developed
00:06:17a unique process to acquire natural catalysts. These are
00:06:21widely used in drug research and cosmetics production because they're highly
00:06:25efficient at speeding up complex chemical reactions to create new
00:06:28molecules. The plant has a unique
00:06:32physiology, it can emit molecules that poison its
00:06:34neighbors. Claude Grisson has
00:06:38long been fascinated by the incredible abilities of plants.
00:06:42More than 10 years ago she worked with a group of students researching the
00:06:46unique properties of indigenous species in New Caledonia, a French
00:06:50overseas territory in the
00:06:51pacific. In New
00:06:55Caledonia, I discovered some exceptional plant species that tolerate pollution
00:06:59so to speak. Better still, they can actually
00:07:03extract metals from their surroundings and store them in their
00:07:06leaves.
00:07:16Here in France, Cruzson has been focusing on invasive plants.
00:07:20Some species can purify polluted water, others like
00:07:24Japanese Knotweed, are now being processed in the lab for use industrial
00:07:28applications. The compagnie National
00:07:31Duron is in charge of managing land along the river and controlling
00:07:35invasive species here. Together with scientists, they harvest
00:07:39the plants across several administrative areas.
00:08:13then they're shredded and sent to the
00:08:15laboratory, here the plant material is placed
00:08:19in the oven to dry for few hours,
00:08:23only then is it ready for the chemical process in the lab.
00:08:27the resulting organic catalyst is mixed with water and few natural additives to
00:08:31create final product that's indispensable in cosmetics, for
00:08:34example. grieson's product is entirely
00:08:37natural. clean alternative for industry looking to
00:08:40shift away from harmful.
00:09:13Grizon's discoveries about plants in New Caledonia and France are so
00:09:16groundbreaking, she received the European Inventor award in
00:09:192022. The winner is Cloud
00:09:23Grizon, Claude Grisson,
00:09:26yes
00:09:32Claude Cruzson has already founded two companies, proof that her
00:09:36organic catalysts are in high
00:09:38demand.
00:09:42Our... last report introduces young archaeologist who's still in the
00:09:46early days of her career. she's drawn to the mummies
00:09:49left behind by the ancient Egyptians as well as the techniques they used
00:09:53to embam the bodies their departed. it's
00:09:57a field that involves working with materials that most people would find
00:10:01at least a little
00:10:03creepy.
00:10:07archaeologistski is currently taking 30
00:10:11samples of human. in out the incubator practically every
00:10:15day here at the University of Munich, she's
00:10:18drying, washing and embalming them, according to a
00:10:21process, the ancient Egyptians probably once per...
00:10:55has been drying out donated skin samples with baking
00:10:58soda and they're now documenting appearance, smell
00:11:02and weight and taking small snippets to analyze the
00:11:06tissue, dna and proteins. not an easy
00:11:09task, says nalish who heads the
00:11:12project. they're so dried
00:11:16out that you can't take a sample with scalple. that's
00:11:19surprising, but if we already had all the answers, we
00:11:22wouldn't have needed to perform the experiment.
00:11:48These are oils, fats and resins we think were used because the
00:11:52investigations at the sakara and bombing.
00:12:05research carried out few years ago has helped throw light on
00:12:08what substances the ancient Egyptians used in
00:12:122016 a German Egyptian team of scientists
00:12:16discovered an underground embalming workshop in Sakara near
00:12:20Cairo. In it were ancient jars that contained
00:12:23oil and ointment.
00:12:25"a lab analysis determined what they
00:12:27held, it was a real breakthrough because it
00:12:31was archological evidence of what substances were
00:12:34used, until then we only knew a little from
00:12:38whatsoditus and deodorus
00:12:39described, with
00:12:43the information provided by those ancient
00:12:48recreate historians the
00:12:49tried mification to process over 10 years ago a pig, but
00:12:53there was a major problem." such as Heroditus and
00:12:56Diodorus were writing centuries after the fact and their
00:12:59instructions were inaccurate. the current
00:13:03experiments are based a much better starting point. the
00:13:07scientists are trying out the original ingredients on several
00:13:10test samples at the same time, and they can compare the
00:13:14results they obtain with the real
00:13:17thing. since we're testing
00:13:20this on human skin, we're much closer to the original, to a
00:13:24mummy.
00:13:28The young archaeologist and the mummy researcher hope to soon have the
00:13:32first results from their experiments, but for
00:13:36now embalming is still on the daily
00:13:39agenda.
00:14:53Drones are becoming in. increasingly important in warfare, but did
00:14:57you know that they're also used to fight drug cartels and illegal gold
00:15:01mining? drones can gather information, can be armed and are
00:15:05getting smarter through AI. in theory, they're already able to
00:15:09recognize and kill humans. the new possibilities and
00:15:13great risks of drones, today on
00:15:15shift.
00:15:19from filling up to heating to shopping. costs keep
00:15:23climbing,
00:15:24and these could... the reason why in its war with Israel in the US,
00:15:28Iran is using swams of affordable drones, also
00:15:31targeting energy infrastructure in the Middle East, but why is
00:15:35Iran using them and what exactly? can
00:15:37they do after being attacked by
00:15:41Israeli and US aircraft, Iran has retaliated by
00:15:45targeting Israeli and American
00:15:47installations, but it's not
00:15:50stopped there, hitting hotels, ships and
00:15:54oil facilities in neighboring gulf states, often using
00:15:58swarms these kinds of
00:16:00drones, Iran has been
00:16:03building cheap military drones for years, one example is: the
00:16:07Shahet 136 Kamikazi drone, about 3 m
00:16:11long, it costs few €10,00 euros and can fly up to
00:16:152,000 km. its warhead weighs around 40
00:16:18kilograms and the drone can navigate almost entirely its
00:16:22own. humans only need to program the target
00:16:25coordinates. newer versions even have infrared
00:16:28cameras and simple AI systems that allow them to navigate
00:16:32when GPS is
00:16:33disrupted. often,
00:16:37Iran will launch entire drone swarms to force defenders to use
00:16:41up expensive conventional air defense missiles like the Patriot
00:16:45system. As result, many states are looking for more
00:16:48affordable options. One such system
00:16:52comes from Ukraine, interceptor drones like the P1 Sun
00:16:56or the Sting. They cost only around
00:16:59$100 have range of up to $300 meters and
00:17:03are controlled using VR glasses. Thanks to their high
00:17:06speed infra. red cameras and AI assisted targeting, they can intercept
00:17:10attacking drones by ramming them in midair or using small
00:17:14explosives. They're designed to be cheaper and faster than what
00:17:18they're meant to counter. These drones are even
00:17:22cheaper and can be bought in regular store for just few hundred
00:17:25euros. A 3D printed mount and a hand grenade are all it
00:17:29takes to repurpose them for military use, as seen in
00:17:32Ukraine. Lacking conventional weapons, the country has repurposed
00:17:36consumer drones. drastically changing the course the war,
00:17:40both Ukraine and Russia use drones to attack targets deep
00:17:44behind enemy lines, as well as at the front where a drone can
00:17:47appear any time over span of 20 to 30
00:17:50km. Military experts called these areas kill
00:17:54zones. For soldiers at the
00:17:58Ukrainian front, drones have been a huge game
00:18:00changer. Heavy equipment like tanks can be clunky and
00:18:04soldiers often struggle to advance safely.
00:18:07Benyamin Volber the European Defense tech Hub has been
00:18:11following Ukraine's new strategies.
00:18:15We've seen a change from centralized
00:18:18large regiments, large groups to decentralized warfare,
00:18:22small groups, hiding in dugouts, advancing during night or
00:18:26during fog and using fundamentally different tactics as we had
00:18:30it before. These drones are affordable, precise
00:18:34and easy to repurpose. So-called. person
00:18:38view drones originally built for hobby racing are especially
00:18:41common. They carry explosives and can destroy expensive
00:18:45targets like tanks. The pilots follow the drone's
00:18:49flight via video feed. The drones can travel distances
00:18:53of 20 km or more depending on their
00:18:56equipment. But this also creates new risks.
00:19:00Europe is facing the question of how to effectively defend itself against
00:19:04drones. As drone sightings over airport. in Denmark
00:19:08and Belgium and some temporary airport closures have shown this is an
00:19:12urgent issue. It also has
00:19:15psychological effect the civilian population
00:19:19being not sure what's going on, can our government, can our army
00:19:23protect us? It sparks fear. One way to counter
00:19:26drones is called jamming, which involves disrupting the drones radio
00:19:30signal so that the pilot loses
00:19:32control. The Danish company My
00:19:36Defense develops. jamming systems that can be used to protect
00:19:40airports and other critical
00:19:42infrastructure. we have
00:19:46detection of a drone and the drone is coming closer to our
00:19:50alarm zone, and as soon as it breaches an alert goes
00:19:53off and then uh jamming will start and really try
00:19:57to push the drone away. in Europe, business and the drone
00:20:01sector is booming and makers are also continuously improving their
00:20:05devices. to avoid... they've created so-called
00:20:09fiber optic drones, their thin cables, up to 50
00:20:12km long, connect the device to the
00:20:15pilot. as long
00:20:18as the fiber uh stays on and does not
00:20:22uh break or um get tiared, you uh
00:20:26see you what the drone says and your enemy cannot
00:20:30uh hack you communication. AI control drones are yet
00:20:34another option, these drones can identify targets on their... without
00:20:38any human input, in the Ukraine war, they are becoming
00:20:42increasingly
00:20:45importants race is already on
00:20:49the way,
00:20:49the Trump. has announced it aims to achieve drone dominance and wants
00:20:53to exploit the full potential of AI. it sees ethical
00:20:57concerns as obstacles and has stopped working with anthropic
00:21:01after the AI company refused to give up its ethical guidelines.
00:21:05these prohibit the use of its AI clot for mass surveillance
00:21:09or in fully autonomous weapons. but other AI and drone
00:21:12makers are continuing to work with the US military with results
00:21:16both impressive and unsettling.
00:21:20Early January 2026, a German-American
00:21:23manufacturer is demonstrating what its AI assisted combat drones can
00:21:27do a US Army exercise in
00:21:30Florida. After a soldier determines the
00:21:34targets, in this case several tanks, multiple drones take
00:21:37off. Guided
00:21:41by AI, each one is flying toward different
00:21:45tank. You no longer need
00:21:48pilots. manual control, instead everything is
00:21:52automated
00:21:53and the drones
00:21:54each a target during the exercise, in this case rubber
00:21:57tanks. this is the first time that anyone has been able to
00:22:01attack multiple targets simultaneously using a drone
00:22:04swarm, and we useed und das waren
00:22:08auch tatsächlich echte
00:22:12must gefechtsköpfe. targets
00:22:13human AI decide are systems always attacked, the which the individual drones
00:22:17are all connected in peacetime and war. Swarm Intelligence is
00:22:21an advantage. If a drone in the
00:22:25swarm is shot down, the next one takes over. They're in constant
00:22:29communication with each other, and not with ground control. This makes
00:22:33them fully autonomous. They always have the same information
00:22:36without being controlled by a central unit. They just continuously
00:22:40exchange data. This means a single soldier can
00:22:44use the tech to command an AI drone swarm of thousands to
00:22:48attack multiple targets simultaneous.
00:23:50in combatting organized cartels. In Chiapas, southern
00:23:53Mexico, authorities have granted police expanded powers,
00:23:57allowing it to test armed drones and robot dogs as it monitors the
00:24:01border with Guatemala, major route for human and drug
00:24:04trafficking. And drones are helping Mexican authorities in another
00:24:08project too. They're using AI to search for patterns and plans
00:24:12on the ground that could indicate graves. Investigators are hoping
00:24:16to find clues about the fate of tens of thousands of missing.
00:24:20persons, many them were probably kidnapped or killed and
00:24:23buried by the cartels. AI enhanced drones are also being used to
00:24:27fight crime in ghana, specifically to help locate illegal
00:24:31gold mines. Gana produces more gold than
00:24:35any other country in Africa, but the boom has a dark
00:24:39side. More and more people rely on illegal mining with
00:24:43dramatic consequences. Forests are disappearing and rivers are
00:24:46contaminated with chemicals like mercury and cyanide. To
00:24:50counter this, authorities and mining operators are now using drones to
00:24:54detect illegal mines early. The drone is faster
00:24:57way and it has faster coverage, so you
00:25:01could use few minutes to fly a drone over the whole
00:25:05concession, but if you would want to go physically,
00:25:09that would mean the use of fuel and human resource and going
00:25:13around all the mind. The minerals commission of gharna
00:25:17deploys the drones in different regions.
00:25:21The pilots learn to observe and document excavations and other
00:25:25activities happening close to rivers. The
00:25:28images are sent to a control room where a team uses AI
00:25:32to analyze them to see whether the gold mining is legal or
00:25:36illegal. If it suspects unlawful
00:25:39activity, it sends the exact coordinates to security
00:25:43forces.
00:25:47In years past where
00:25:49there was any. view or any AI, you just go by word of
00:25:53math, you you get people to tell you, oh there's illegal mining happening here,
00:25:57and before the tax force get there, there's no one
00:26:00there, so with this we able to... gets precision,
00:26:04like point blank, the location and the precise location
00:26:07of all these illegalities. since the drones
00:26:11also capture the excavators used in mining, officials have
00:26:15easier time telling who's involved, whether the mining is legal
00:26:19and where the extracted materials are going.
00:26:22because high prices are making gold mining increasingly
00:26:25attractive, experts expect a further rise in illegal mining
00:26:29and smuggling. drones are supposed to help stop the
00:26:33trend: so AI allows drones to help
00:26:37detect and fight illegal activities, but it also turns
00:26:41combat drones into highly efficient killing machines.
00:26:44organizations like stop killer robots fear the technology may
00:26:48not always distinguish friend from fall and that humans could
00:26:52lose control. they demand a ban on autonomous weapons,
00:26:56but the trend is currently moving in the opposite direction. what
00:27:00do you think, how dangerous are AI draws? Let us know
00:27:03and see you next
00:27:04time.
00:28:18statements of color and memory, of
00:28:21materials, movement and history.
00:28:24art brings people together, regardless of where you're
00:28:28from, if you're all coming together to appreciate some sort.
00:28:33of some form of art, you let go of your
00:28:36believes in Gana,
00:28:40art is the industry on the
00:28:42rise, according to a study by the
00:28:45organization art Basel in banking giant UBS,
00:28:49global art sales were an estimated $57.5
00:28:53billion dollars in 2024, while sales across Africa
00:28:57made up a minor percentage, industry leaders from across Ghana
00:29:01say demand for Ganean - is growing from within
00:29:03if ganyans are able to come
00:29:07together and say that we are going to collect our
00:29:11own people's art or promote
00:29:14our ganyan artists, i think that will
00:29:18really help the the economy. if we
00:29:22don't push our own artists, no one else is going to do that for
00:29:25us. what art looks like in ghana is a
00:29:29questioned rising artist denise gavumenta is?
00:29:32answering: i work in
00:29:36image transfer, digital
00:29:38collaging, and also i say archiving,
00:29:42because my practice begins with
00:29:45collecting and gathering objects that
00:29:49have been left behind by time.
00:29:53her solo exhibit, light years of us, debut during the
00:29:562025 Akr cultural week hosted by gallery
00:29:591957. the annual showcasing Ganean art
00:30:03has seen growing international interest. For Denise,
00:30:07showcasing these stories today has been boosted by the digital
00:30:11world. You have the opportunity to share what your work is about,
00:30:15and I think that has something to do with social media.
00:30:19Now this access to the information, the stories carried in
00:30:23these objects that we are making as artists, and that also gives them
00:30:27a lot more value. The
00:30:30numbers tell the same story. with online sales making up nearly
00:30:34fifth of all global art sales in 2024, according to an
00:30:38art basel and UBS study. Whether it's using digital tools to
00:30:42create art or using digital platforms to share art,
00:30:46technology has created a new global canvas for Ganean artists to
00:30:50use, and I think we have lot to do still, we have so much to
00:30:53do, but we're getting there slowly
00:30:57with all these opportunities that are now...