Google Cloud Speech-to-Text API (Chirp) + Gemini 2.5 Flash Non-Thinking. Treat it as a searchable index of what was broadcast, not a quotation record.
00:00:00"if he's been here for some time, ask the locals
00:00:03what it was, that is one recommendation, ask the locals, two
00:00:07more, two more, so don't get into
00:00:11risky situations, if you're not sure, it's simple, I mean,
00:00:14just assess yourself and your surroundings, that's right, that's right, and
00:00:17third, avoid alcohol, avoid
00:00:20alcohol, so our goal is not to tell
00:00:24people to avoid nature and swimming, but simply to
00:00:28remind them of a few very simple..." rules that can save
00:00:32a life if you actually get into that situation,
00:00:35Senad, thank you very much for these recommendations and I hope for as much swimming
00:00:39and enjoyment as possible, and as little work and suffering as possible, thank
00:00:42you very much, stay with us, a short break, then we'll return to the topics,
00:00:57we'll still talk about temperatures while the whole...
00:01:00Mediterranean is literally boiling at temperatures above 40 degrees,
00:01:04and a summer vacation on the beach for many becomes a fight for a little shade. In
00:01:07the world, a completely new tourist hit is being created. It is about
00:01:11coolcation, i.e., a summer escape from unbearable heat
00:01:14to colder regions. There,
00:01:17forget about roasting in the sun, the hit of the season has become
00:01:21light jackets, raincoats in a comfortable 15
00:01:24degrees Celsius backpack, from Gorski Kotar to
00:01:27the far Scandinavian north. We explored
00:01:30why thick shade has become a new tourist plus, more in
00:01:33Nataša
00:01:34Vidaković's report:
00:01:38instead of beaches and summer heat, this year's vacation for Anja and Tena
00:01:42will be a pleasant 19° in warm
00:01:45windbreakers. These two teenagers, instead of traditional
00:01:48sunbathing on the Adriatic, convinced their parents to make a complete
00:01:52turnaround, a family vacation in the colder north of Europe. On
00:01:56their journey, they reported to us from Gothenburg, Sweden.
00:02:00This year we decided to replace swimsuits with raincoats and
00:02:03hiking boots, mm, and the main reason for that was that we have
00:02:06friends in Bergen, Norway, so we decided to visit Berlin,
00:02:09Copenhagen, Gothenburg and
00:02:13Oslo along the way. The main reason we decided to go on such a trip
00:02:16was because we wanted to experience a slightly different summer vacation for
00:02:20a change from a vacation on the Adriatic. The traditional
00:02:23image of a perfect summer is slowly melting. The so-called Coolcation
00:02:27is a combination of everything opposite, a vacation in colder
00:02:30regions, this trend is noticed in travel
00:02:33agencies, destinations that were once reserved for
00:02:37spring, are now an absolute summer hit, we have the most
00:02:40inquiries for Norway, Finland,
00:02:43Sweden, we have our Baltic program which includes
00:02:46Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia,
00:02:49for example, that departure for the Baltic in the seventh and eighth months
00:02:52is completely sold out. And Iceland is also very popular this year. And
00:02:56prices? Well, the Baltic, for example, is an eight-day trip, and
00:03:00about 1150 euros per person, Iceland is a little
00:03:04more expensive, it is 10590 euros per
00:03:07person. Famous local adventurer and travel
00:03:11blogger Kristijan Iličić achieved a historical feat
00:03:14by traveling to all 197 internationally
00:03:17recognized countries in the world. With this achievement, he became the first Croat
00:03:21in history to visit all seven continents. He highlights
00:03:25Antarctica as one of his favorite trips, but still
00:03:28for Croats looking for a break from the heat, he recommends Iceland. In my opinion,
00:03:31Iceland is literally like one big national park, in a relatively
00:03:34small area you have volcanoes, glaciers,
00:03:38geysers, hundreds of waterfalls, black sandy
00:03:41beaches and landscapes that look like they are on another
00:03:45planet. It is a destination where every day you experience something
00:03:48new and I believe that precisely such trips will be the future
00:03:52for many who want to escape extreme summer temperatures.
00:03:55Relief from the city heat local tourists sought on
00:03:59Zagreb's Sljeme. There, the thermometer in the shade rose to
00:04:0237°C.
00:04:12and you want to go to a cold place and is it hot for you here in Zagreb?
00:04:15yes right now very yeah
00:04:19global warming i think yeah and uh will you
00:04:22seek something like that as well yeah we went
00:04:26in Finland 2 years ago but was not
00:04:32it was always a trend to go to the sea, to the sea, to the sea, where it's hotter,
00:04:36hotter and it's warmer, rather in the mountains, it's easier to
00:04:39breathe and behave easier, do you think this could
00:04:43become some new trend for annual vacations? it can, it can, of course,
00:04:46it can, people just have to accept it as what they have
00:04:50here, let's go to the sea once a month a year and so on,
00:04:54that, that's what it was, but I think that will change
00:04:57with the new generation that this. It is not just a passing fad
00:05:01of social networks, science also confirms. Climate change has begun
00:05:05to fundamentally change the tourist map of Europe. Tourism will adapt
00:05:08and is already adapting, of course, our destinations already
00:05:12think about it a lot, this is, of course, shown by our
00:05:15research, so guests are increasingly active,
00:05:19increasingly attach importance to ecology,
00:05:21to quality food, to the preservation
00:05:25of the destination, to all those natural beauties that we have, which are
00:05:29truly a magnet for the guests who come to us. Therefore, for
00:05:33the perfect climate escape, you do not necessarily have to buy an expensive
00:05:36plane ticket to Scandinavia or Iceland. Croatia has its
00:05:40own hidden gem that is experiencing a true renaissance during
00:05:43heatwaves, Gorski Kotar. Guests are offered
00:05:47year-round tourism there, from skiing and sledding for children
00:05:50in winter, while in summer tourists seek hiking,
00:05:54mountaineering, cycling, swimming in lakes
00:05:58or swimming in
00:06:01rivers during the summer months. As much as Gorski Kotar first
00:06:05brings to mind winter and deep snow, tourism
00:06:08figures show that 60% of tourist traffic
00:06:11for years has been realized in the three
00:06:14summer months, in June, July and August. Winter jackets
00:06:18instead of swimsuits, mountain trails instead
00:06:21of shallows, climate change dramatically changes our planet,
00:06:25but also the very definition of an ideal vacation. Relief and
00:06:29refreshment are definitely increasingly sought in completely
00:06:32different geographical latitudes. Nataša
00:06:35Vidaković, N1,
00:06:37Zagreb.
00:06:46We'll be back soon with current topics and guests, a friend
00:06:50of the show, General Hospital, Medikana
00:06:52Sarajevo.
00:06:55Aspirin protect 100 mg is recommended for people with
00:06:59high and very high risk of cardiovascular diseases to
00:07:02reduce the risk of acute heart and brain stroke. Before
00:07:06use, carefully read the drug leaflet for information on indications, precautions, side effects of the drug,
00:07:09consult a doctor or pharmacist. Bayer.
00:07:13Hot summer hits at Bingo, Intex pool
00:07:16595, Jacuzzi
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00:07:229.90. The rest of the offer can be found on
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00:07:28Staropramen rewards you. Sign up and
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00:07:53Telemach. Aspirin Protect 100 mg is recommended
00:07:56for people with high and very high risk of
00:07:59cardiovascular diseases, to reduce the risk of acute
00:08:03heart and brain stroke. Before use, carefully read the drug leaflet for information on
00:08:06indications, precautions, side effects of the drug, consult a doctor or pharmacist.
00:08:10Bayer.
00:08:13We return to the show Novi Dan, friend of the show
00:08:17General Hospital Medikana Sarajevo.
00:08:319 o'clock 38 minutes, we continue with a new
00:08:34day, we are talking about the stomach virus
00:08:37which is current in Bosnia and Herzegovina, children in
00:08:40kindergartens, adults. More and more people are complaining about multi-day
00:08:44diarrhea, vomiting, fever, stomach
00:08:47cramps, pronounced exhaustion, is it a seasonal
00:08:51intestinal virus, food poisoning or a combination of several factors
00:08:55m, in the continuation, we will try to explain
00:08:58and answer these questions, infectologist Alma Seitarja
00:09:01Memišević speaks for a new day, good morning to you and welcome
00:09:05to a new day, good morning, thank you for the invitation, the fact that you are
00:09:09on duty speaks volumes about the kind of doctors we have, so how much have you worked,
00:09:12or continuously, well practically a little more than 24 hours,
00:09:16yesterday at 8 o'clock in the morning I started working, but not only me, all
00:09:19colleagues, all colleagues in the clinical center who were on duty that week, right?
00:09:23Thank you for that and thank you also for the fact that you found
00:09:27time for everything besides that to come to a new day and
00:09:31speak to our viewers
00:09:33about valuable recommendations that should be known these
00:09:37past few days, it seems to me that there is no one in the closer
00:09:40or wider environment who has not... had a stomach virus in recent
00:09:44days, it can last five or six
00:09:47days, it is accompanied by an elevated temperature, not
00:09:50too high, but elevated, just enough to make you feel maximally exhausted,
00:09:54diarrhea, vomiting, and other
00:09:57symptoms, is this something that is characteristic of this
00:10:00time of year and how to make a distinction
00:10:03between a virus and poisoning, which doctors often weigh between
00:10:07the two, you see uh, absolutely,
00:10:10it is seasonal, meaning that in this period we always have an increased number
00:10:14of patients precisely with these digestive problems, which we can basically
00:10:18divide, and I usually like to explain it to patients as stomach flu, which is
00:10:22a stomach virus or stomach flu
00:10:25caused by viruses, meaning
00:10:29bacterial intestinal diseases that we get
00:10:32from food, and what
00:10:36is different from the latter, which is practically not caused by pathogens but
00:10:39by toxins, is food poisoning, so maybe from this third one
00:10:42we should start with the shortest, food poisoning is the least harmful,
00:10:46right? It's when our food sits on the table for too long, and
00:10:50then those toxins develop, which are practically thermostable,
00:10:54so by reheating food,
00:10:57we only make it worse.
00:11:00Symptoms will start quite quickly, primarily with
00:11:03vomiting, we can have watery stools, but patients
00:11:07don't necessarily have symptoms, they usually last short,
00:11:10but we have to understand that all these digestive symptoms are quite
00:11:14severe, you know, patients usually, when they come to us for
00:11:18an examination, say, doctor, I'm dying, you understand,
00:11:21but these are not such serious illnesses, although they can be extremely
00:11:25exhausting, for example, food poisoning will stop
00:11:28quickly, meaning the patient will essentially vomit out what is not
00:11:32good, those toxins, or eliminate them with stool, it will
00:11:35last a few hours and practically within 24 hours, those
00:11:39symptoms will stop, and we don't have any serious
00:11:42consequences there. When can
00:11:45serious consequences occur, with what kind of poisoning, what is the most dangerous?
00:11:49The most dangerous is poisoning with bacteria, meaning fecal-oral
00:11:52transmission when someone is a carrier
00:11:56or contaminates the food we eat, or when the food is
00:11:59insufficiently heat-treated, meaning a carrier of,
00:12:03for example, and most commonly salmonella, which we have all heard of,
00:12:06meaning we will say that these are chickens, and everything related to
00:12:10them that is not sufficiently heat-treated, meaning from meat to
00:12:14eggs can be a source of salmonella,
00:12:17you know, and in fish, how can I say, it would have to be contaminated, it
00:12:21itself does not carry salmonella in it, the most important
00:12:24thing for us is chicken, hen, egg, everything that is
00:12:28related, for example, we had a case where the same
00:12:30family ate the same cooked chicken, but for example, one
00:12:34part of a drumstick was not cooked well, unlike the white
00:12:37meat, and for example, one part of the family, one or
00:12:40two family members got salmonella, others did not, what was extremely
00:12:44interesting to me was that we had a pretty difficult case
00:12:47of one daughter-in-law and mother-in-law, so to speak,
00:12:50the mother-in-law made fried cauliflower, you understand, now how cauliflower
00:12:53somehow inside it has its own, you know, I mean, the appearance
00:12:57of the cauliflower itself, so the egg from frying gets inside, it probably didn't
00:13:01cook well, he and she both had salmonella, one ended up on
00:13:04hemodialysis, temporarily, meaning not permanently, not for life,
00:13:08but kidneys can really suffer from salmonella, in essence, we should
00:13:12be most careful of that in these
00:13:15summer days, what does that mean, we should always
00:13:18eat well-cooked food, no matter what we are talking
00:13:22about, these are living organisms, whether it's a virus
00:13:25or bacteria, I'm talking generally now, whether it's some zoonoses
00:13:29and so on, whatever food can give us an infection,
00:13:32whatever we cook sufficiently thermally,
00:13:36there is no danger that we would get it, even if
00:13:40it is, for example, some animal infected with bird
00:13:43flu or salmonella or something else, when should we seek
00:13:47help when we already see that it is not a harmless,
00:13:50so to speak, poisoning, but that we are more for
00:13:54infectious diseases. Here, I will return, I will return to that, and it
00:13:57all depends on the cause, of course, it all depends on the individual, you see,
00:14:01we haven't even touched on the virus yet, which is our topic
00:14:04today, unlike bacterial intestinal infections,
00:14:07viruses, that's why I say stomach flu, they are transmitted by airborne droplets,
00:14:11so it has nothing to do with food, you understand, so for example, usually if one family
00:14:15member has a stomach virus, for example, the most common is one
00:14:19of the more severe clinical pictures, which is rotavirus, adenovirus, norovirus, it's not that important
00:14:23now, there are so many of these
00:14:25viruses that can be diagnosed, so the incubation period
00:14:28is very short, even just 12 hours to
00:14:32a few days, so they develop those symptoms very quickly, which are
00:14:35quite severe, especially if the child is younger, for example, it goes as
00:14:39you said, so elevated temperature, diarrhea, vomiting,
00:14:43somehow
00:14:46we should implement, I would, I would like to take this opportunity
00:14:50today to remind you of the zero level of health
00:14:53care, mm, and... That is the level of home
00:14:56health care, you know, so we really need to, we should all
00:15:00know, at least in the beginning,
00:15:03what to do with these digestive symptoms, that
00:15:07means a dietary regimen, that's an intestinal
00:15:10antiseptic, we all know about those yellow tablets,
00:15:14definitely probiotics and fluid intake, meaning rosehip
00:15:18tea, thyme tea that can be slightly sweetened
00:15:21in small amounts, but constantly. We often hear
00:15:25from patients that it's better to drink a whole cup of tea and then vomit, it's not better,
00:15:29you know, we have to drink a little, but
00:15:32constantly, if we, of course, take this symptomatic supportive
00:15:36therapy, we know that there are many of those electrolytes, but that oral
00:15:39intake must be in small amounts. When an adult
00:15:43or a small child vomits, you should stop
00:15:46intake for 15-20 minutes, then start again. Sometimes people,
00:15:50patients think that an infusion is some kind of, how can I say,
00:15:54miraculous remedy, it is only a volume replacement,
00:15:58you understand, when the patient is dehydrated. I
00:16:01often say, it's just diluted salt and practically diluted
00:16:04sugar and some that has a little more minerals in it, that's it, that
00:16:08infusion is nothing strange, but of course it helps the patient if he comes to
00:16:12a dehydrated state, when should you see a doctor? You should
00:16:15see a doctor if you feel signs of dehydration and really if that
00:16:19oral intake, meaning oral intake is minimal and if it is not
00:16:23tolerated at all, we must point out that the younger
00:16:26patients are and the older patients are, they
00:16:30are more at risk, you know, for example, patients in the geriatric
00:16:33group, those who are over 75,
00:16:3680, who are really weak organisms, so to speak,
00:16:40we need to keep
00:16:43an eye out and as soon as we notice signs of dehydration,
00:16:46seek medical help, that will be extreme
00:16:50adynamia, the patient will be extremely weak, exhausted, it will be
00:16:54an extremely white, dry tongue, it will be, for example,
00:16:57acetone breath,
00:17:00for example, even the skin, the elasticity of the skin, for example, when you slightly
00:17:04squeeze it as if you want to pinch someone, but it doesn't return
00:17:07that quickly in a dehydrated patient, it stays in that
00:17:11part for a while, of course, you shouldn't wait for those extreme signs of
00:17:15dehydration, but if we see, for example, that a child is small, three years old, and we
00:17:18can't give him anything by mouth all day, then we should
00:17:22definitely seek medical help, when at least that acid-base
00:17:26status would be done, check the degree of eventual
00:17:29dehydration, rehydrate the child, but anyway,
00:17:32even when that is done, adequate
00:17:36home treatment is still very important, I would really emphasize
00:17:40that, because it is very important to continue with
00:17:43adequate home treatment, so that no dietary mistake is made
00:17:46in the following days, for example, patients,
00:17:50maybe even us, I mean, it doesn't matter now, very often, you know,
00:17:54they feel hungry, they are hungry after three or four days, and then they want
00:17:57something concrete to eat, then they, for example,
00:18:01eat some meat meal, a fatty meal or something, and by doing so, they only
00:18:04worsen the condition, we must understand that it is
00:18:07the lining of our entire digestive tract, and why is that fluid
00:18:11intake in small amounts, but constantly,
00:18:14yes, we must understand that our stomach lining is all inflamed,
00:18:18if we now somehow send a whole cup of
00:18:21tea at once, it will normally react, not only that cup of tea but even
00:18:25more, because from that inflammation the secretion of fluid is even greater
00:18:28generally, and so we generally lose water, which is
00:18:32essentially the biggest problem, especially when it comes to small children, especially
00:18:35those who, for example, cannot cooperate so well, and really,
00:18:39stomach viruses are quite difficult for children, you know,
00:18:43a child has a fever, and by doing so, loses fluid because
00:18:46the surface area of the skin in children is larger than in adults, meaning with
00:18:49that sweating and that
00:18:52proportionally, of course, I am talking, with that sweating the child loses
00:18:56in fever, loses in vomiting, loses in diarrhea, and
00:19:00really small children can very quickly reach that moment of
00:19:04dehydration, so if a child continuously vomits for several
00:19:07hours and cannot tolerate oral intake,
00:19:11then there is no need to delay too much, you should seek pediatric help.
00:19:15You mentioned that a little earlier, I would like to go back to that,
00:19:18transmission, that is, uh, how long
00:19:21does the incubation period of the virus last, in which cases
00:19:24and how can it be transmitted, considering, well, practically,
00:19:27so by excreting fluid from your
00:19:31body, in any way, so we very often
00:19:34usurp the entire bathroom, the entire space. What can
00:19:38actually
00:19:46cause considerable damage? Well, with
00:19:49stomach viruses, it's the same as
00:19:52for example, this seasonal flu,
00:19:55respiratory infection, so you can't really prevent anything in terms of transmission
00:19:58in close household contacts, because, as I told
00:20:02you, it is primarily transmitted by airborne droplets,
00:20:05and the incubation period, the period from
00:20:09acquiring the virus to the development of symptoms can be very short, even
00:20:1212 hours in general, some three to four days, what
00:20:16we can and should mention, and believe me,
00:20:20even at the best medical symposia to this day, it is discussed, is hand
00:20:23washing, you know, so hand washing is still very, very
00:20:27important, both in outpatient and inpatient settings,
00:20:31because these viruses remain on surfaces for a while, so
00:20:34uh, we can do that. We should emphasize
00:20:38hand washing. Second, what is much more serious, is
00:20:41practically that nutrition for bacterial intestinal
00:20:45infections, cook everything well, do not consume
00:20:49salads and other things. For example, what I would recommend
00:20:52during the summer is not to consume any sandwiches with
00:20:55mayonnaise in large quantities, for example, especially
00:20:58fast food or something, because we all know that it is prepared in large quantities
00:21:02during these high temperatures, if one egg, that is, mayonnaise, is contaminated,
00:21:06salmonella can multiply very quickly, so a very small amount
00:21:09of mayonnaise is enough to cause a problem.
00:21:13Of course, we need to store food properly, you know, we can't leave
00:21:17food on the table for two hours in this heat. What about
00:21:21watermelon? Very often, for example,
00:21:24from personal experience, doctors say, it's
00:21:28probably watermelon, everyone who comes, it's because of watermelon, then
00:21:31you say, well, I ate watermelon and the closest family
00:21:35member, nothing happened to him or her, but it happened to me, so how
00:21:38dangerous is watermelon, especially what you are talking about, keeping it on
00:21:42the table, like any other food, you understand, if you cut
00:21:46watermelon and it sits on the table for three hours, and then someone takes
00:21:50it later, it's very possible for those toxins to form, as we agreed, watermelon itself will not have salmonella, unless
00:21:53someone contaminates it, you understand, because when someone gets salmonella, they can
00:21:57excrete it in their stool for a very long time,
00:22:01that's why it's very important that those who
00:22:05work in kitchens must have clean coprocultures,
00:22:08so they cannot be carriers or germ carriers
00:22:12of salmonella, because if they don't have adequate hygiene, they can
00:22:15contaminate all that food, as I told you, salmonella is transmitted
00:22:19fecal-orally, of course from the source, these are
00:22:22most often, as I told you, chicken products or eggs from
00:22:26chickens, yes, washing fruit is mandatory, so it is clear that it is
00:22:29mandatory, but in what way do you feel that you
00:22:33have today, I mean, we don't need all these digestive, all these
00:22:36digestive, uh, diseases, so to speak, diseases of the digestive
00:22:40tract, uh, as they are common, let's
00:22:43say, and one should not create a big fuss about it,
00:22:47the most difficult case is that, namely dehydration. We
00:22:50practically had one patient with some
00:22:53lifelong complication, the most difficult complication is that, namely
00:22:56hemodialysis when the patient's kidneys, due to salmonella,
00:23:00that's right, salmonella can get complicated, we would somehow
00:23:04highlight it as one of the most common and most serious, that's why we should, as I told you,
00:23:07and here also hand washing these preventive measures I mentioned,
00:23:11meaning always eat well- cooked food, if we eat somewhere in a
00:23:15fast food place, at least don't take mayonnaise, just eat
00:23:18freshly prepared sandwiches and
00:23:22so on, as for washing fruit, as for the pathogens themselves, it is quite enough
00:23:26to wash it well under running water, but here we can always, I mean, touch upon
00:23:30those pesticides, if it's not homegrown somewhere in the market, then
00:23:33it is always recommended to soak the fruit in water
00:23:36with baking soda and then wash it thoroughly under running
00:23:40water, that is quite enough, believe me, we will remove as much as we can,
00:23:44what is important, for example, for fruit with, although that's more in the
00:23:47winter period, fruit with thick skin like lemon, orange, there we need
00:23:51to be aware that those pesticides penetrate very deeply, so
00:23:54I would not recommend, if we don't know for sure that it is a homegrown product that
00:23:58has not been sprayed, using lemon peel and orange peel, for example.
00:24:02in some sweets or some other, we for some other purposes,
00:24:06because no matter how much we soak it, we cannot really remove
00:24:09these pesticides from such peels, so elevated
00:24:13temperature, that is also a symptom that
00:24:16exhausts, many complain about body aches.
00:24:20they say this is like some kind of corona, people self-diagnose.
00:24:23I told you, I usually call it stomach flu, it's stomach enteritis
00:24:27or stomach bug that really comes with this triad, meaning elevated temperature and
00:24:31it can even go for a day or two with this
00:24:34catarrhal syndrome, you know the child starts to sniffle a bit, has a slight
00:24:37fever like a cold then practically develops
00:24:40diarrhea and vomiting, we also have such courses, all these
00:24:44viral, viral agents give a clinical
00:24:47picture of a febrile, meaning gastro. enteritis
00:24:50or diarrhea and vomiting accompanied by fever, and
00:24:54also these bacterial ones, well it's not really that we'll have salmonella, these are very
00:24:58rare cases where it is not
00:25:00accompanied by vomiting and diarrhea, then you know the first day
00:25:04there is vomiting, then on, then followed by a large number of stools, then
00:25:07the patient stops vomiting and continues this large number of green
00:25:11very foul-smelling, not infrequently bloody stools in salmonella with
00:25:15elevated temperature, it can
00:25:17be a serious infection in one part. that the patient can be
00:25:21septic, meaning when that salmonella penetrates the blood,
00:25:24but then we, of course, I mean, we monitor them in the hospital
00:25:27and prescribe antibiotics only in those cases if
00:25:31necessary, it is very important to draw attention, for example,
00:25:35when we have salmonella in the stool, well, let's say it sometimes
00:25:38happens during sanitary inspections that someone is a carrier and has
00:25:42no symptoms at all, so you will get some antibiogram there, some sensitivity to
00:25:46some three antibiotics, never are intestinal infections
00:25:50treated with antibiotics, these are only rare cases of septic
00:25:53patients where treatment is practically intrahospital, nor is
00:25:56carrier status treated with antibiotics, that is a big mistake
00:26:00and I would somehow appeal to colleagues.
00:26:03and to our viewers, why? Because
00:26:06precisely that microbiome in our intestines is extremely important
00:26:10to defeat that salmonella as
00:26:13a pathogen, to create that positive balance for us so that
00:26:17it practically heals naturally, why is antibiotic not given? Antibiotic is
00:26:20not given because antibiotic is never so selective, it will not only
00:26:24go for salmonella, it will practically destroy a large part of our
00:26:28microbiome in the intestines and thereby will only
00:26:31prolong. the carrier status with salmonella, if that carrier status
00:26:34lasted for example three weeks after the patient recovers, we always give a recommendation
00:26:38that after three to four weeks control stool cultures be done,
00:26:42especially if it's someone who is involved in the kitchen,
00:26:46works in some collective accommodation or similar, we wouldn't really be able to allow
00:26:50a patient who is a carrier to work, these are some preventive
00:26:53epidemiological measures, this if it is treated
00:26:57with an antibiotic, because not every salmonella will end up in the clinic, of course, meaning
00:27:00only the more severe clinical cases will.
00:27:03It's very important not to take antibiotics, meaning because that will
00:27:07disturb our microbiome, nor is it indicated for these
00:27:10intestinal digestive infections, now more and more often we talk about the microbiome,
00:27:14more and more often we talk about digestion as
00:27:17a brain, and when we were arranging this
00:27:20guest appearance, I drew a parallel, now I don't know how correct it is or not, but it is often said
00:27:24that everything is between two ears in the sense
00:27:27of two brains, that's right, then
00:27:30we know that the brain gets.
00:27:33from our body, actually, among other things, from our
00:27:36digestion, now who is the main one here actually, where do
00:27:39things play out, why is that
00:27:42microbiome stable, orderly,
00:27:45so important for all other functions in our
00:27:49body, so you see, there is a project that researched the microbiome,
00:27:52so that's the Human Microbiome Project, so it
00:27:56started in 2007, finished in
00:28:002019, if my memory serves
00:28:03me correctly, just that tells you how many years it took, how long that
00:28:06project lasted just to characterize and research the human
00:28:10microbiome, and the human microbiome includes all
00:28:13our bacteria, fungi, viruses that are in our
00:28:17body, on the skin, and the most important are on the skin, on the
00:28:20mucous membranes, and the most important are certainly
00:28:23in our intestines, especially the large intestine, so somewhere someone
00:28:26tried to come to a conclusion, I was always interested
00:28:30in how many of these bacteria there are, I mean not a billion, but somehow how we could
00:28:34measure up to one or two kilograms of these bacteria, if we know how small
00:28:38that one tiny bacterium is, it's a microscopic organism, this
00:28:41imagine how many we have and it is extremely important, there are
00:28:45now entire, so practically almost specializations
00:28:48and people are narrowly focused on the
00:28:51microbiome because its benefits
00:28:54are manifold, mm, so it is our source of immunity, various
00:28:58vitamins are synthesized there, some other essential
00:29:01substances that our body practically cannot synthesize
00:29:04in any other way, that as you said, one brain, another
00:29:08brain, now I recently even read that
00:29:12just, just the health of the microbiome can affect some
00:29:15psychiatric illnesses, for example the development of depression and other things, because if it's in
00:29:18imbalance, then we are inherently nervous, because that part of the
00:29:22intestines is responsible for the autonomic nervous system, meaning
00:29:25it's a nervous system that we have no influence over, in that
00:29:29context it is practically said to you that the intestines are a brain unto
00:29:32themselves and practically send signals to our brain up there, I
00:29:36this mm and
00:29:38one means we should dedicate an entire show just to talk
00:29:42about the microbiome, the very imbalance of the microbiome in an
00:29:45infectious sense means it has various consequences in
00:29:48terms of the development of some clostridium, severe infectious, meaning
00:29:52digestive diseases and so on, but it is said that it is the basis of our
00:29:55immunity, what I would also like to take this opportunity today
00:29:59to say is a really great...
00:30:02a great need to prescribe antibiotics
00:30:05rationally, so tell me and I want to ask you this, besides
00:30:09the fact that rational prescribing of antibiotics
00:30:12is important, please guide us a little on the difference between probiotics and
00:30:16prebiotics, until recently we
00:30:19needed to drink probiotics, especially if we travel, we encounter some
00:30:23environment that our intestinal flora is not used to, and
00:30:26now they say if you don't drink prebiotics, then
00:30:30probiotics actually mm...
00:30:34are not worth it, actually prebiotics are food for probiotics, that is for those
00:30:37good bacteria that we actually feed those
00:30:40probiotic species, so by taking probiotics we create good
00:30:43bacteria, and with prebiotics we feed and maintain them,
00:30:46it's something like that I want
00:30:49to tell you that we, for example, didn't have any probiotics before,
00:30:53you understand, now it's an entire as I would say, this
00:30:56plethora of probiotics in the pharmaceutical line.