Google Cloud Speech-to-Text API (Chirp) + Gemini 2.5 Flash Non-Thinking. Treat it as a searchable index of what was broadcast, not a quotation record.
00:00:00I say
00:00:02affects the climate, it affects the there is a really big, big need to rationally
00:00:04prescribe antibiotics, so tell me, and I want to
00:00:08ask you this, besides the fact that rational prescription of
00:00:12antibiotics is important, please guide us a little on the difference between
00:00:15probiotics and prebiotics. Until recently,
00:00:19we needed to take probiotics, especially if we travel, we encounter some
00:00:23environment that our intestinal flora is not used to. Now
00:00:26they say if you don't take prebiotics, then... those
00:00:30probiotics are actually useless.
00:00:33Actually, prebiotics are food for probiotics,
00:00:36or rather, they are food for those good bacteria, those probiotic
00:00:39species. So, by taking probiotics, we create
00:00:43good bacteria, and with prebiotics, we feed
00:00:45and maintain them. Is that basically
00:00:49it? What I want to tell you is that, for example, before, we didn't have any probiotics,
00:00:53you understand? Now it's a whole , shall we say,
00:00:56plethora of probiotics in the pharmaceutical industry.
00:01:00In the industry, you have the most probiotics. It seems
00:01:04to me, as an infectologist, we more, believe me, I don't know the order, sometimes I
00:01:07most often write probiotics, you understand, no, no, no I'm not saying
00:01:10unless I have something specific to say, "Go take this for that
00:01:14reason," this is good that we have so many probiotics on
00:01:18the market, let's say in the broadest sense of the word probiotic, whether
00:01:21it's prebiotics or a combination or just probiotics, it's not bad to
00:01:25take them for a certain period. Even today, according to nutritional
00:01:29recommendations, probiotics should be part of our
00:01:32daily diet, it's especially good to take them, for example, if
00:01:36we travel, if we are, for example, at risk of developing
00:01:39traveler's diarrhea or similar, but we must, for example, know that sauerkraut
00:01:43has a lot of, you know, those probiotic cultures, that
00:01:46kefir is something that is phenomenal, so we practically
00:01:49, with a balanced diet, then you see, on the other hand, they are not medicines,
00:01:53I mean, they are not real medicines, they are OTC, right? That means
00:01:56they are practically a support, they are not like that for me either.
00:02:00So, not everyone can afford that, you know. I
00:02:04say it's not bad, I say according to nutritionists, whoever can, it would
00:02:07be good for those probiotics to be part of our diet, probiotics or prebiotics, whatever
00:02:11it is, to be an integral part of our daily diet, but we also need to be
00:02:14aware of the food that contains a large
00:02:18number for centuries, right, like kefir,
00:02:21like sauerkraut and so on. But I will
00:02:25still return a little to antibiotics, because we are really
00:02:29fighting a big battle. As infectologists, I will tell you a very
00:02:32interesting fact, uh, it has been noticed for
00:02:36years now that children are getting sick, getting sick in large numbers from
00:02:40autoimmune diseases, meaning juvenile idiopathic arthritis and
00:02:43similar, not just with us, but globally, uh, they tried
00:02:46to find out the reason, so they tried to find out
00:02:50why it's happening like that, it was never so much before in the last year, for example, the last
00:02:54ten years, it's not even important now, it's really noticed that there is a huge, that there is an explosion of these
00:02:58diseases, which is not at all trivial, considering that these
00:03:01children have to receive immunosuppressive therapy for life, which
00:03:05practically brings that autoimmune disease under control, but it disrupts
00:03:09health in a broader sense of the word.
00:03:13I concluded at a congress in Bologna that this is most likely a consequence
00:03:17of a disturbed microbiome, you know , that's exactly the disrupted immunity
00:03:21that happens when antibiotics are taken a lot and there is a
00:03:24really serious imbalance of our
00:03:28good gut bacteria.
00:03:30That's very logical. Children most often suffer from these autoimmune diseases,
00:03:34and that's school-age. There are no rules, but
00:03:37sector is not up to practically it's school-age children, who are already at the earliest age given
00:03:40a lot of, how can I say, my dear, because every child,
00:03:43for example, has the right, at preschool age, to be
00:03:47febrile up to two times a month, yes. And you will probably
00:03:51agree that there are some practices to give antibiotics for an
00:03:54elevated temperature, which is a very, very wrong approach. So
00:03:58we need to be rational. 90% of these
00:04:01fevers, these high temperatures, are actually
00:04:04viruses. I think that we, as a nation and
00:04:08generally, are educated enough to know that antibiotics only work against
00:04:12bacteria. So we give antibiotics, we disrupt
00:04:15health, we burden the liver, we destroy those
00:04:19good bacteria that we need, we create a big mess. So there is
00:04:22no benefit. I say, God grant that we can say, "Go take
00:04:26antibiotics, it doesn't matter, if it helps, it helps, if it doesn't help, it doesn't matter." It
00:04:30matters a lot. That's what was done during Corona, doctor. Your Corona has
00:04:33contributed quite a bit to these
00:04:36resistances. Because today, unfortunately, besides that, but to me,
00:04:40the most important thing is this for children, you know, that really
00:04:43children who will have some virus every
00:04:46month, that we be very careful in
00:04:49prescribing antibiotics as parents, as pediatricians,
00:04:53ultimately other specialties, you know, because that child will very
00:04:57easily get five to six antibiotics in one year. "And then it's no
00:05:00wonder, you understand, if it was febrile every month, and
00:05:04one course of antibiotics, I won't, I mean,
00:05:07azithromycin, that's the generic name, I can say, it's taken for three
00:05:11days, it takes a year." A child takes a year for the
00:05:14microbiome to regenerate, just from that one three-day course.
00:05:18This is a very important topic, and I will just
00:05:20mention that not only us, unfortunately, we are not lagging behind
00:05:24the world at all, in the world we already have intrahospital
00:05:27bacteria, which is normal, because in the hospital there is a large, large
00:05:30concentration of pathogens that are not sensitive to any
00:05:34antibiotic, and all of this is a consequence of the irrational use
00:05:37of antibiotics. These are huge alarms, this deserves a separate topic, I will try
00:05:41to talk about it some other
00:05:44time. This time, we focused on stomach
00:05:47viruses, on the microbiome which is very important, but here we have opened
00:05:51some new ones, I will schedule a new get-together for next time. Thank you for all
00:05:55these very valuable tips, I believe that we will help many who are watching us this morning.
00:05:59Thank you for the invitation, I just hope it was useful for those who
00:06:02watched, I'm sure it was, thank you
00:06:06for being with us this morning from 8 am, stay tuned, the Sarajevo
00:06:09Film Festival is approaching, so we will check what's up with
00:06:13the tickets, what's up with the box offices, are they already full and
00:06:16how many people will visit Sarajevo these days
00:06:20precisely because of the Sarajevo Film Festival. We will talk about all this soon with our
00:06:23Feđa, stay with
00:06:24us.
00:06:32We'll be back soon with current topics and guests. The sponsor
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00:11:06We return to the show, New Day, sponsored by the General
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00:11:23Ticket sales for the 32nd edition of the
00:11:27Sarajevo Film Festival officially begin today at the box office in BKC. What
00:11:31is the public's interest already on the first day and which films are visitors most
00:11:34looking for? Let's check with our reporter Feđa
00:11:38Kulin. Feđa, can you already feel the festival fever?
00:11:42Are there people who rushed to be the first to buy their
00:11:46tickets for the Sarajevo Film
00:11:47Festival?
00:11:50There certainly are, Minela. There are big crowds
00:11:53outside and inside the BKC. Many people
00:11:57came early to buy tickets for
00:12:00their desired films. Some even came at 4
00:12:04in the morning, believe it or not, and they are standing
00:12:07or sitting there the whole time. They brought folding
00:12:10chairs, some here to make the waiting easier.
00:12:13Truly numerous film lovers
00:12:17are here. They say they don't mind waiting,
00:12:21even though online ticket sales started
00:12:25at the beginning of last week. They say this
00:12:28physical sale, physical way of buying
00:12:32is safer, that it's already a tradition here, socializing
00:12:36and waiting in line. With us this morning is Andrijana
00:12:39Kopf, spokesperson for the Sarajevo Film
00:12:42Festival, who will tell us more about the festival. First of
00:12:46all, good morning and thank you for speaking to N1. So,
00:12:49what do these crowds tell us this morning about the Sarajevo Film
00:12:53Festival? Is there great interest?
00:12:57Good morning, thank you for coming here to the Main Box Office at
00:13:00the Bosnian Cultural Center, which opened just now at
00:13:0410 o'clock. What do they tell us? They
00:13:07tell us about the great interest of the audience
00:13:10in the programs and films of the 32nd Sarajevo Film
00:13:14Festival, which begins on Friday and will run
00:13:18until August 21st. They tell
00:13:21us that we also have our regular audience. We saw here in...
00:13:25In line this morning from early morning hours
00:13:28some buyers who are already traditionally with us among
00:13:31the first 10 buyers whom we reward with 10
00:13:34free tickets each and a poster for
00:13:37this year's festival. It simply
00:13:40speaks to the fact that people, the audience, citizens, and
00:13:44tourists embrace this festival as their own, that
00:13:48they see it as their own, that they live along with the city and the festival.
00:13:52That is what makes us extremely happy.
00:13:55For which we owe enormous gratitude to our
00:13:57audience. As I said, online
00:14:01ticket sales began last week.
00:14:05Some said they had some minor difficulties with online
00:14:08purchases. Many still come here to buy
00:14:11in person. How many tickets have been sold so far, do
00:14:15you have any data? Is there great
00:14:18interest? There is great, very great
00:14:22interest in this year's program.
00:14:25We have resolved the difficulties, that was
00:14:29probably, you are talking about the first day of advance
00:14:32ticket sales, when a large number of
00:14:34users who wanted to buy immediately, probably for
00:14:38a specific screening, online
00:14:41sales are still ongoing, of course, and will continue until the end
00:14:45of the festival, as well as the physical sale
00:14:47of tickets. For online ticket sales,
00:14:51certain discounts are available thanks to partners from...
00:14:55sponsors of the Sarajevo Film Festival, so for Mastercard
00:14:58cardholders there is a 20% discount,
00:15:01an additional 10% discount thanks to Unicredit
00:15:05Bank. The interest is huge,
00:15:08last year we had record ticket sales, and
00:15:11this year, precisely according to the first day of online
00:15:14pre-sales that you mentioned, sales are
00:15:1820% higher than the previous year, so
00:15:21the interest is huge. We try to
00:15:25accommodate our audience as much as possible, whether it's
00:15:29additional screenings, here the locations are
00:15:33from the Old Town to
00:15:35Ilidža,
00:15:3723 locations, numerous locations, all programs
00:15:41are in the festival journal, we invite the audience to
00:15:45check the screening schedule, to see where all these films
00:15:48are shown, if they are not on the date or at
00:15:52the location where they really want to watch them, to find
00:15:56that film and watch it at another location, which they may not have
00:16:00been to before, but will discover now in another time slot, so
00:16:03we invite everyone who may not have...
00:16:07obtained their tickets to follow the website and social media
00:16:11of the Sarajevo Film Festival, where we will regularly update
00:16:14all additional screenings, additional
00:16:17times, and any information about the screening
00:16:20schedule. Which screenings,
00:16:23or rather, which films are most sought after this
00:16:27year, and what is the specificity
00:16:30of this year's edition of the Sarajevo Film Festival? Well,
00:16:34the specificity, the specificity of every Sarajevo
00:16:37festival is a quality program above all.
00:16:41What I can emphasize this year is
00:16:44that on August 13th, the day before the ceremonial opening
00:16:48of the festival, at the Coca-Cola Open-Air Cinema, we are showing
00:16:52a classic of Bosnian-Herzegovinian cinematography with free
00:16:55admission. That is Woman in a Landscape by Ivica
00:16:58Matić, on August 13th at 8:30 PM.
00:17:01Free tickets can be picked up online or here at
00:17:05the Main Box Office. We are opening the festival
00:17:09with Pawel Pawlikowski's film "Cold War," his latest film which won
00:17:13the award for best director at this year's Cannes
00:17:16Film Festival. I believe that the festival audience is well
00:17:19acquainted with Pawlikowski's work. We opened the Sarajevo Film Festival
00:17:22with his film "Cold War" in 2018.
00:17:25I can mention, emphasize in fact, that
00:17:28the 32nd Sarajevo Film Festival will be
00:17:32closed with a digitized version
00:17:35of Danis Tanović's "No Man's Land," an Oscar
00:17:39winner. So, also a restored version that is
00:17:43being shown for the first time in Sarajevo,
00:17:46to the festival audience. A film
00:17:49that marked a new page
00:17:53in Bosnian-Herzegovinian cinematography, which for
00:17:55BiH film, I don't need to tell you its
00:17:59significance. Danis Tanović will, of course, be with the film
00:18:01crew at that screening at the festival.
00:18:05An opportunity for those of us who have seen that film to watch it
00:18:09together on the big screen, an opportunity for new
00:18:13generations to also
00:18:16see it perhaps together in a different
00:18:19environment, in a different way, and an opportunity to be reminded
00:18:23how important the theme of that film is and how strong
00:18:26and current it still is.
00:18:30Thank you very much for the interview, we won't keep you any longer, you're busy,
00:18:34it's crowded, thank you. So,
00:18:37you've heard what awaits us this year at the 32nd
00:18:41Sarajevo Film Festival, which will be held from August
00:18:4514th to 21st. Numerous
00:18:48film achievements, as you could hear and
00:18:51see, the interest is
00:18:53enormous, and there's no doubt that Sarajevo will become the center
00:18:56of the region in the coming days, as well as the film
00:19:00capital in this part of
00:19:02Europe. Sarajevo Film Festival, Feđa,
00:19:06thank you very much for... this first report before the
00:19:10very opening of the Sarajevo Film Festival, which will follow at the end
00:19:13of the week. We are all looking forward to it, we love Sarajevo
00:19:17as it is those few days, we love it
00:19:20on other days too, but especially during the Sarajevo Film Festival, and
00:19:23when we have the opportunity to show ourselves as good hosts and
00:19:27as a place of good films, stay with us,
00:19:31next we're talking about something that might slightly
00:19:34disrupt this good hospitality, but we can't
00:19:37influence that, those are climate changes and extreme heat.
00:19:50These extreme heat and climate changes have once again highlighted
00:19:54the importance of green spaces in cities, and experts warn that trees are one
00:19:58of the best ways to mitigate the effects of high
00:20:00temperatures. In recent days, the felling of dozens of trees in Sarajevo
00:20:04has also attracted public attention, raising the question of whether
00:20:07anyone manages Sarajevo's greenery
00:20:11systematically.
00:20:13Another day under high temperatures. Sunny streets
00:20:17are almost empty, and those who have to leave the house look for
00:20:20the shortest path to shade. On such days, it is best to see
00:20:24how much parks and trees mean to a city. These are the greatest ecological
00:20:28values, after all, and human values and natural
00:20:31values. We must all commit to protecting
00:20:35nature and the resources that nature provides. If we don't
00:20:38protect it, no one will, so nature is very important to us,
00:20:42and then there will be less
00:20:44heat, it will be cooler. Besides
00:20:48providing shade, trees provide shade and the space around them, which is why the difference
00:20:52in temperature between a part of the street without greenery and the space
00:20:55under a canopy or in a park is often drastic. Our
00:20:59thermometer shows temperatures from -20 to
00:21:02+50. Let's see what the temperature is
00:21:06here in the shade on the concrete:
00:21:0938 degrees
00:21:12Celsius. Let's see how much it is here on this
00:21:15leaf that is in the sun:
00:21:19the temperature is 36.9
00:21:23degrees. And now let's see here
00:21:26in the sun:
00:21:30the temperature is over 50 degrees
00:21:33Celsius. In one room, for example, we have different
00:21:37temperatures from one corner to another if you take a slightly more sensitive
00:21:41thermometer. In the city, there are of course big
00:21:44differences, especially, for example, if we enter
00:21:48an area where there is just concrete, asphalt,
00:21:51glass, there the temperatures are significantly higher, for example,
00:21:55compared to a nearby park, there we already
00:21:57feel some difference. That is precisely why experts
00:22:01warn that green areas are one of the best ways
00:22:04for cities to better cope with increasingly frequent heat
00:22:07waves. Citizens unfortunately notice that there are fewer and fewer of them.
00:22:11They are building illegally , extremely
00:22:14large business objects, projects. There are fewer
00:22:18trees as well. In recent days... Citizens witnessed the massive
00:22:22felling of old trees in Sarajevo, allegedly as a
00:22:24precaution because they posed a potential
00:22:27danger.
00:22:31I heard they are cutting down trees in Sarajevo, which I think is
00:22:34the stupidest thing to do. If you look at, for example,
00:22:37Trebinje, they build new buildings, but they don't cut down trees. If
00:22:41there is a tree there, they build around it, they save every
00:22:45tree.
00:22:48For example, in front of my building there were two or three plane trees, nicely, then
00:22:51they cut them down, saying they would fall on a car, they could have protected
00:22:55it, tied it with cables or something. Every tree takes 60
00:22:59years to grow, and they cut it down in an hour and
00:23:03destroy it. This is probably old, since I grew up here, I know
00:23:06very well how old it is. These poplars were, I think they were poplars, the rest
00:23:10needs to be considered for each individual case, what should be done and what
00:23:14should not be done. That is precisely the biggest problem, the profession is often
00:23:18not consulted. Before a large tree is removed,
00:23:22it really should be evaluated from a professional,
00:23:25scientific, methodological approach
00:23:28what its condition is, whether it threatens the safety,
00:23:32health of citizens or the safety of their
00:23:34property. Of course, such trees should be replaced with an appropriate
00:23:38species, an appropriate age of tree that can
00:23:42, shall we say, adapt to these extreme conditions.
00:23:46However, many recently planted young trees in
00:23:49Sarajevo did not manage to survive even the first summer
00:23:52heat, again for the same reason, that communication
00:23:55often fails between those
00:23:58who undertake such activities and us as certified
00:24:02scientific research institutions. In that sense, before any
00:24:06planting activities, it would be necessary to consult the profession.
00:24:09The profession recommends that
00:24:12resistant species be used,
00:24:15that proven species be used. Increasingly hot summers show that greenery is not
00:24:18just an ornament of the city. Therefore, the removal and planting of trees
00:24:22must be approached systematically, because the consequences of bad decisions
00:24:26are often long-term. Feđa Kulina,
00:24:29N1.
00:24:32We continue to talk about heat, about the extremes that
00:24:36are happening to us, about
00:24:38drought, which is no longer just an ecological problem, but is becoming
00:24:42question of energy security. Due to the
00:24:45record low water level of the Danube, Hungary,
00:24:48let's remember, has almost completely stopped the operation of its largest nuclear
00:24:52power plant, and reduced production has been recorded in the Krško
00:24:55power plant in Slovenia. When there is not enough water to cool
00:24:59the reactors, power plants must reduce production or completely
00:25:02shut down, and this then raises a question that perhaps seemed unimaginable
00:25:05until yesterday: can climate change threaten
00:25:09the stability of electricity supply in Europe, and what does this mean for
00:25:13Bosnia and Herzegovina, which relies on hydropower plants and
00:25:16thermal power plants? Are we ready for a future in which droughts and heat waves
00:25:20and water shortages will directly affect electricity production and its
00:25:23price? We will discuss this with an energy expert, Mr. Edhem
00:25:27Bičakčić, this morning. Good morning and welcome to a new day. Good morning to you
00:25:30and the viewers of N1. Mr.
00:25:33Bičakčić, what kind of time are we witnessing, where
00:25:37climate change, literally, here, following what we see in
00:25:40Hungary, in Slovenia, and for a long time also in Bosnia and Herzegovina,
00:25:44dictates whether tomorrow we will have enough energy for our own needs
00:25:47or not, uh? Climate
00:25:51change causes a series of
00:25:55disturbances, they are a product of
00:25:58greenhouse gas emissions, CO2 emissions
00:26:01in the atmosphere. Believe me, this
00:26:04melting of glaciers in the Arctic,
00:26:08long-term dry periods, the spread of
00:26:12fires, and, uh, floods,
00:26:14on the other hand, heavy rainfall in a short
00:26:18period, these cycles alternate and are becoming
00:26:22more intense. In Europe,
00:26:25this is already very drastically felt, and
00:26:28Bosnia and Herzegovina is a somewhat less
00:26:31affected area so far, but it is
00:26:35coming to its turn and already here we are recording
00:26:38a greater spread of forest fires to areas where
00:26:42this has not been the case until now, and outside
00:26:45of, say, Herzegovina, where people have always fought with this,
00:26:49and then sometimes with floods.
00:26:52Bosnia and Herzegovina cannot escape this. Bosnia and Herzegovina
00:26:56participates very little in the emission of greenhouse gases, in world
00:26:59terms it is measured in permilles.
00:27:02mhm, meaning a thousandth part, in
00:27:05European terms in percentages, one to
00:27:082%, but regardless, our production
00:27:11structure, especially in energy, is based on coal-fired
00:27:15thermal power plants, and these are major polluters, that is,
00:27:19they cause, uh,
00:27:21they cause, uh, an increase in CO2
00:27:25emissions. Yes, we are
00:27:28signatories of the energy community and
00:27:31thus with Europe. Since 2006, we have committed
00:27:35to follow all those European
00:27:38energy policies. We did commit,
00:27:41but we are not following them and we have not entered
00:27:45the transition that is necessary to
00:27:48overcome this, so the cuts will be
00:27:52drastic for us, these situations show
00:27:55that. Now, we will talk about those drastic cuts and specifically Bosnia and Herzegovina,
00:27:58I would like us to briefly focus on these nuclear reactors
00:28:02and power plants that are shutting down in Hungary due to lack of water.
00:28:06Krško is also threatened, as I said, in Slovenia. Now,
00:28:09how much can such situations affect
00:28:12the price of electricity in the region? We are speaking very
00:28:16concretely that Hungary is currently facing shortages, that it is implementing
00:28:20reductions at all levels, but looking at the trend in the
00:28:23future, how can what we are currently experiencing affect the
00:28:26region? - For example,
00:28:30the shutdown of a nuclear power plant in... Hungary drastically
00:28:33affects the region of Southeast Europe because it is
00:28:36a large capacity, and the extremely low level of the Danube is
00:28:40a phenomenon that may be recorded for the first
00:28:44time seriously now. You are witnesses that you can
00:28:47cross the Danube in some places,
00:28:50I saw in one video that a car can
00:28:54pass across the Danube, which is unprecedented, which is
00:28:57unprecedented. In such circumstances, there is not enough water for
00:29:00cooling the reactor. Even though there is not enough water, the reactor
00:29:04must either be reduced, and then shut down, not only in
00:29:07Hungary, but there are problems with the nuclear power plant in
00:29:11Romania. Here, the first problems
00:29:13are noticeable with the nuclear power plant Krško on the Sava, mh
00:29:17and it has reduced production, but
00:29:20the possibility of complete shutdown is
00:29:23largely being considered, which then leads, for example,
00:29:26Slovenia to a drastic level of electricity
00:29:29needs, then Croatia, then the entire region. And
00:29:33yet, in these current circumstances in Bosnia and
00:29:36Herzegovina, the public
00:29:40the task that is somehow
00:29:43expected of it. What do we rely on? How much electricity
00:29:47comes from thermal power plants, how much from hydropower plants, how much from
00:29:50wind farms? What is available to us currently in
00:29:53Bosnia and Herzegovina? So, Bosnia and Herzegovina
00:29:57had, uh, before the war, 4,000 MW of electricity
00:30:00capacity for electricity. Of that, 2000 MW in
00:30:04hydro, 2000 MW in thermal, but the production in
00:30:08thermal power plants was 60 to
00:30:1170%, because they operate for a greater number of hours
00:30:14than hydropower plants, mhm, depending on the hydrological
00:30:18year, what it's like, what the rainfall is like,
00:30:21uh, so that went up to 70% from
00:30:24thermal power plants, in good hydrologies 50 somewhat
00:30:27lower, mhm, after the war. The private
00:30:31sector built 1600 MW
00:30:34of new capacities, 300 MW of thermal power plants in
00:30:38Stanari, then over 900
00:30:41MW of solar power plants on the transmission and
00:30:44distribution network, about
00:30:47300 MW of wind power plants and
00:30:50100 MW of small hydropower plants, so most
00:30:53of the solar plants are 900 MW, most of them, well, privately
00:30:57owned.