Google Speech-to-Text API Automatic Transcription (Chirp). Treat it as a searchable index of what was broadcast, not a quotation record.
00:00:01These deposits are
00:00:03of of concentrated in Central Germany. Potassium is an essential
00:00:07nutrient for plants. That's why potash salts are used around
00:00:11the world to make fertilizers. Potache
00:00:15of salts dissolve in the soil, releasing potassium that helps
00:00:19plants use water efficiently, and also resist
00:00:22drought, frost, and
00:00:24of disease, and that in turn increases the quantity and
00:00:28quality
00:00:29of the harvest.
00:00:32of
00:00:33but potash mining also has a downside: only
00:00:37part
00:00:38of the ore is used, while huge quantities remain as solid and
00:00:41liquid residues. Over the
00:00:45decades, huge waste heaps have built up as some mining
00:00:48sites. The KNS
00:00:52mining company, for example,
00:00:54a extracts up to 40 million tons of potassium rich ore year
00:00:57after. that
00:01:00becomes just 9.5 million tons of marketable
00:01:04products. most
00:01:05of the mined material ends up as waste. at
00:01:09just one site in central Germany, hundreds of millions of tons of
00:01:13residue are stored in towering heaps with official
00:01:16approval. rain washes salt from those
00:01:20of heaps, creating waste water that's discharged into the verra
00:01:24river. liquid processing residues also end up
00:01:27there. Salt is raw
00:01:30material essential to much of modern life. It helps
00:01:34power our world and reshape it. The
00:01:38question is, at what
00:01:39cost?
00:01:46This river has a problem, and you can measure
00:01:49it. Biologist
00:01:53in Andre Bush and his colleagues are searching for life and
00:01:55neva. For
00:01:59decades. environmental authorities have been tracking salt levels
00:02:02of here and what they're doing to the plants and animals that depend on this
00:02:06river. Under the EU water framework
00:02:10directive,
00:02:11of rivers are graded a five-point scale. Here at Galstungen, the Vera
00:02:15is
00:02:15in currently rated as being in poor environmental
00:02:17condition. One
00:02:21of the biggest reasons is
00:02:23a salt. For decades, potash mining has discharged sailing water into the
00:02:27river. The result is salt levels.
00:02:33of
00:03:00Their abundance is another clear sign
00:03:02of the river's high salt
00:03:04content. By now,
00:03:07things should be different. Under EU rules, rivers and lakes
00:03:11are supposed to be in good condition by
00:03:132027. That's essential for clean
00:03:17drinking water and healthy
00:03:18ecosystems.
00:03:26Further upstream, which isn't affected by the ceiling discharges.
00:03:36a
00:03:39of
00:03:53of
00:04:00Charges are set to continue. The KNS mining company has
00:04:04long faced criticism over the pollution, but says it's working to
00:04:07reduce its environmental
00:04:09impact. One major project
00:04:13is a more environmentally friendly processing system, designed
00:04:16to eliminate liquid production waste.
00:04:20KNS declined our request for an
00:04:23a interview,
00:04:23in a written statement, the company said, "When
00:04:27disposing of
00:04:28of solid residues, we are..." also continuously minimizing our
00:04:32environmental impact and using state
00:04:34of the art
00:04:35technology.
00:04:40the company's main solution is covering the waste heaps. layers
00:04:44of plastic liner, soil and vegetation are designed to keep
00:04:47rainwater out, preventing salt from entering the
00:04:50river. but critics question whether
00:04:53it will work in the long
00:04:54run. reducing the
00:04:58river salt pollution is: technically difficult and
00:05:01expensive, and the company says the problem can't be eliminated
00:05:05completely. The authorities have repeatedly renewed the
00:05:09discharge permits, although with progressively tighter limits.
00:05:14Salt levels in the Vera have fallen, but the river still
00:05:18has a long way to
00:05:19go.
00:05:24Salt can also have healing properties. Salt
00:05:27Brine has been used in spas for
00:05:29centuries.
00:05:33Now it's helping to grow sea lettuce, bringing a taste the
00:05:37sea closer to home.
00:05:41Forget garden lettuce. sea lettuce could be the food the
00:05:44future and it's now being grown beneath the spa in
00:05:48badaro in eastern. this
00:05:51is edible lettuce, our ulva compressa, originally collected near the
00:05:55island of helloland. we collected it there in
00:05:582019, isolated it, and over the years developed cultivars that
00:06:02are now thriving here in the
00:06:03brine.
00:06:07has spent 20 years researching alg. for the past three she's been
00:06:11growing sea lettuce in the...
00:06:43Alg are incredibly versatile, not just in cooking, but in all kinds of
00:06:46different fields. They have something to offer for almost every
00:06:50application from food supplements to cosmetics. In
00:06:54other words, alg have real commercial promise, and perhaps even
00:06:58more.
00:07:08Is showing participants just how tasty they can be.
00:07:12could
00:08:17be
00:08:22on the menu, what
00:08:25are stars made of? how many colors can butterflies
00:08:29see? could robots have babies one
00:08:32day? do you have science question? then
00:08:36send it to us as a video, text or voice message. if we
00:08:40answer it in the show, then we'll send you a little gift as a thank you,
00:08:44so just
00:08:45ask.
00:08:49alg is often called the super food the future.
00:08:53it also contains iodine, a trace element our thyroid gland
00:08:57needs to function, but in Germany and many other countries,
00:09:01millions of people still don't get enough iodine and here too, salt
00:09:05can be part the
00:09:06solution.
00:09:10around one and three people in Germany.
00:09:12to may not be getting enough iodine, often without realizing
00:09:15it. experts have been warning about the problem for
00:09:20doctor who's years,
00:09:21campaigning
00:09:22is improve cump iodine intake in Germany.
00:09:26the situation has worsened because of lower iodi salt
00:09:29consumption. the main problem is the food industry, which still
00:09:32relies mostly on ordinary salt. as result, we're getting less
00:09:36iod einfach weniger jod in der
00:09:38Nahrung. the
00:09:42WHO criteria for iodine
00:09:45deficiency, both west and east Germany
00:09:49began using iodiz salt much more widely in the
00:09:511980s, but then scientists already understood how
00:09:55important iodine is for health. iodine is a
00:09:59trace element we need to get from food.
00:10:03the thyroid gland uses it to produce the hormones t3 and
00:10:07t4, which act on almost every cell in the
00:10:10body.
00:10:16These hormones help regulate the cardiovascular system and blood
00:10:19pressure and support cell growth and development.
00:10:23That's why they're important. for healthy bones and for the development
00:10:27the brain and nervous system. they also help
00:10:31regulate metabolism, which influences body weight. too
00:10:35little iodine over time can lead to health problems.
00:10:39radiologist Malva Abel often sees thyroid nodules in her
00:10:42patients. long-term iodine deficiency can be one factor in
00:10:46their development. thyroid can
00:10:50enlarge and that may contribute to nodules developing over
00:10:54time.
00:11:25thyroid can no longer produce enough hormones, symptoms may include
00:11:28feeling cold, dry skin, hair
00:11:32loss, weight gain as well as low mood and problems
00:11:36with memory and concentration. Over the long term,
00:11:39iodine deficiency can cause what's known as a
00:11:42guider. For adults, the WHO recommends a
00:11:46daily intake of 150
00:11:48micrograms. 5 grams of
00:11:52iodized salt provides roughly 100 microgram.
00:12:25Much of it comes from processed foods, such as
00:12:29bread, cold cuts and cheese, and seasoning
00:12:31mixes. But manufacturers usually use ordinary
00:12:35salt rather than iodized salt. Cost is one
00:12:39reason, so we may be eating plenty of salt, but still
00:12:43not getting enough iodine. Nutrition specialist Constanza Losa
00:12:46says cooking more meals from scratch can help.
00:12:50Cook at home and eat mainly fresh, minimally processed foods rather than fast
00:12:54food.
00:13:25very little iodine a diet based mainly on fresh unprocessed
00:13:28foods provides about 120 micrograms of iodine
00:13:32a day. fish and seaweed are naturally rich sources
00:13:36of iodine, but in Germany most people don't eat them
00:13:40regularly. milk, dairy products and eggs
00:13:43also provide small amounts, partly because iodine is added to animal
00:13:47feed. fruit and vegetables
00:13:51generally contain very little. in much of Germany, the soil
00:14:55such as reading comprehension, some studies have also
00:14:59found slightly lower IQ scores. That's why adequate
00:15:03iodine is important for the developing brain.
00:15:06And for many people iodized salt
00:15:10is still the simplest way to get more
00:15:12iodine.
00:15:51Take a guess, which these pictures is of a real
00:15:54person, it's this one, and this one
00:15:58is a virtual model. As image generation improves, more
00:16:02AI content is flooding the internet. Why that matters?
00:16:06Now, on shift.
00:16:11Breaking news stories, reporters in conflict zones. These
00:16:15videos may look convincing, but they're all fake. Content like
00:16:18this is spreading and it's getting harder and harder to separate fact
00:16:22from fiction. We're seeing an unprecedented military
00:16:26convoy right here in central London. People who don't
00:16:30exist, reporting on events that never happened. Fake videos
00:16:34like these are created using generative AI and
00:16:37technology behind them is getting better all the time. there
00:16:41have been a real breakthrough in what is called text to video,
00:16:45where you type a prompt of what you want the video of, and not
00:16:49only does it create a video of that, but also an audio
00:16:53stream that's consistent with it. and essentially all you
00:16:57need is access to the internet. solid choice. a 14-year-old can
00:17:01make this. there's no there's no barriered entry for creation,
00:17:04distribution and amplification. remember: result can be
00:17:08bizarre photo realistic videos like
00:17:10these,
00:17:14just kidding, i'm not real, but other fakes aren't
00:17:18as obvious, on the ground reporters were once symbols of
00:17:22credibility, but fakes are undermining
00:17:24that, i think it's a serious problem, and it's not
00:17:28understand that people, yes they're creating fake news anchors, but what they're also
00:17:32doing is taking real news anchors and modifying
00:17:36those videos in their voice. so when you see them you're oh, i know that
00:17:39person. warnings that clips are AI generated, are often
00:17:42missing or tucked away, but be sure to look out for the
00:17:46watermark and clips generated by the AI
00:17:48tool, and teeth the look a little too
00:17:52smooth or errors in the text. in this video,
00:17:55hq is misspelled and this Arabic text here makes
00:17:59no sense at all. closer look reveals a
00:18:02lot. when you look at content on this
00:18:06device right here, "It's really hard to see anything. It's a really small
00:18:10screen, you're moving fast. This is not a place to be trying to
00:18:13discern what is real and what is fake. It's a dangerous trend.
00:18:17Real news content could get lost in all the noise, and in questioning
00:18:21what's real versus fake, we could lose trust in genuine photo and
00:18:25video evidence. This has become a huge topic in the world of models and
00:18:29influencers too. This influencer will recommend
00:18:33products without having tested them, and she can't,
00:18:36because I..." Aitana Lopez isn't even real. Created by the
00:18:40agency the clueless in Barcelona, Itana looks like any
00:18:44other influencer, a concert, on vacation, or even
00:18:48going for coffee. So we asked her, why should anyone trust her as a
00:18:52brand ambassador when she's not even
00:18:53human? What just means an
00:18:57ambassador? Easy, I have no eagle, I don't
00:19:01lie and I'm never late. I'm pure aesthetics with
00:19:05commitment. Even if I don't have. I have
00:19:08personality and that shows in every collaboration,
00:19:12humanity isn't requirement for honesty.
00:19:16Itana's agency decides which collaboration she takes on
00:19:19and
00:19:20the deals generate about €15,000 a month. Companies
00:19:24are increasingly enlisting the help of virtual models to promote their
00:19:27products. Studies show that virtual influencers are
00:19:31more successful in explaining technical aspects of a product like
00:19:35headphones for example.
00:19:57workers rights and privacy
00:19:59are concerns
00:20:04taken matters the like
00:20:06out equation, they
00:20:06can work around
00:20:07the clock and
00:20:37virtual model sparked controversy when it appeared in vogue
00:20:41magazine. critics accused the London agency Sarafine
00:20:44Valora of promoting unrealistic beauty standards with its AI
00:20:48models and and taking away jobs from people
00:20:52in the advertising
00:20:52industry. We are not
00:20:56trying to replace anything, but we're really trying to give a real
00:21:00solution, because in classic photography you
00:21:04might be able to afford you to limitations maybe two campaigns a
00:21:08year, but with AI things can be faster, more
00:21:11flexible, we can provide content around the year.
00:21:15More content, more cheaply, but hopefully real people
00:21:19still offer. a certain authenticity that AI just can't
00:21:22match. most virtual models are designed
00:21:26to look flawless. this virtual model with stretch marks is
00:21:30more the exception to the rule. although AI could be used to celebrate
00:21:34a diverse range of body types and people, oftentimes it's
00:21:38used for just the opposite. the founders of AI marketing agency,
00:21:42sarafine valora, said that models who reflect mainstream beauty
00:21:45standards get the most engagement. so does that put pressure on us
00:21:49to? attain something that's unattainable, smooth
00:21:53skin, flawless curves, perfectly tone
00:21:56muscles. not many people in the real world actually look like
00:22:00this: AI generated bodies typically align with very
00:22:04stereotypical beauty standards. when you ask for a person in generative
00:22:08AI, across the nine models I've tested, none them will show a
00:22:11disabled or fat body unprompted, which is effectively
00:22:15erasing people who are slightly different from our collective
00:22:19imaginaries, you don't ask for a specific body
00:22:22size, you get kind of model sample size
00:22:26clothing person coming out, and with
00:22:30only seeing a certain type of body, it means
00:22:34everything else is is marginalized and is made less
00:22:37desirable. Aisha Sobi is a researcher at the
00:22:41University of Cambridge who looks at power dynamics and digital
00:22:44technologies. For one study she tested the limits of AI image
00:22:48models, she... prompts to generate people with larger bodies,
00:22:52most the results were pretty
00:22:54absurd. there's
00:22:58a real sadness to like to me what comes out these
00:23:01images, image models when you ask for people that are
00:23:05a larger body, there's a real kind
00:23:07of like the tone um like the colors, the the
00:23:11facial expressions, the body shapes, the clothes that they're in
00:23:15all become a lot less polished and lot less
00:23:18nice. and
00:23:20and and sad, they they they appear kind of
00:23:22sad a lot the time, and I think that's it reflects the kind of
00:23:26data that's going in and it reflects how we as society view people in bigger
00:23:30bodies. Asking generative AI to create
00:23:34people with larger bodies mainly results in men with bare
00:23:37chests, often with very unrealistic body
00:23:40shapes. Women on the other hand are
00:23:43often shown an extremely sexualized way. This
00:23:47reflects the data sets used to train AI. models which often
00:23:51contain pornographic images, the number of porn websites
00:23:55distorts how the AI perceives women, this applies to the
00:23:58representation of body shapes too, the fact that many people aren't
00:24:02represented by AI at all can have negative
00:24:05effects, when we have this
00:24:08ideal type of person that isn't aligned with who we
00:24:12are and who and what we are, this can cause kind of like
00:24:16unhappiness, people feeling negative about themselves.
00:24:20and I think we've been seeing a real rise in body image issues, um, disordered
00:24:24eating, eating disorders, and this isn't just generative
00:24:27AI's fault, but it's it's adding to this burden. Being
00:24:31inundated with the seemingly perfect lives of some influencers
00:24:35is challenging enough, but imagine discovering an AI generated
00:24:39version of yourself online, created without your
00:24:42consent, a deep fake, your face put onto someone
00:24:46else's body with the help of AI. The victims are mostly women,
00:24:50the videos are often pornographic, northern irish politician kara hunter
00:24:54knows what that feels like: deep fakes are life ruining,
00:24:57career ruining, relationship ruining, um, and you know they're
00:25:01impacting our democracy a rising rate, it's a very scary
00:25:05time. the northern irish politician kara hunter was
00:25:09a family party when she discovered a pornographic deep fake of
00:25:13herself. i just
00:25:17remember i felt like a hot rush of heat sort of go... through my body just
00:25:21of complete
00:25:22you know fear and anxiety of what was to come next um and I don't think
00:25:26I ever could have really anticipated i suppose what the next three weeks of my
00:25:29life um would have looked like the deep fake experience for me
00:25:33was I had messages from England from Scotland from
00:25:36America I was stopped on the street and asked for sexual fevor from a
00:25:40stranger strange man I never met um and that shows you the
00:25:44extent of how online harms become real life
00:25:47harms what kara hunter experience? is not an
00:25:50isolated case, pornographic deep fakes are a global
00:25:54issue and they mainly target women. a research group in the US
00:25:58found over 35,000 instances of deep-fake pornography.
00:26:02depicting 26 members of U.S. Congress, almost all them
00:26:06women.
00:26:11In the United Kingdom, investigation found digitally altered images
00:26:14of more than 30 MPs. Italian prime minister
00:26:18Georgia Malone is also frequently targeted in deep-fake porn videos,
00:26:22prompting her to file a lawsuit. In Pakistan too, deep fakes are
00:26:26used to try to discredit female
00:26:27politicians, and it's not just
00:26:31individuals who are... soffering the consequences. I think defects are
00:26:35dangerous for democracy because they impact truth
00:26:38itself, they blur um, fact and fiction, and it's
00:26:42a lie presented as a truth, and I think our democracy is
00:26:46built on truth and built on trust, and myself as a political representative
00:26:50in Northern Ireland, it takes years to build up that sense of trust with my
00:26:54community, with my constituents, and with click of a button, a deep
00:26:58f can completely wipe away everything that you've worked so hard
00:27:01for. and as this technology develops, so does the threat it
00:27:05poses to democracy? in just few clicks anyone can create
00:27:09and distribute deep fakes online. to this day, kara
00:27:13Hunter still doesn't know who's responsible for what happened to
00:27:16her, and what I would like to
00:27:19see is the creation of an AI ecosystem of support
00:27:23for victims, that means
00:27:25you know mental health counseling support, I'd like to see the tech giants, the tech
00:27:29company, social media giants stepping in and providing some... support and
00:27:33guidance and help lines to women like myself, but particularly for
00:27:37those who do not have a platform like me to protest their innocence and
00:27:40to save their reputation. in Denmark, lawmakers want to give
00:27:44every person copyright over their own body, including their voice,
00:27:48the goal to make it easier to demand the removal of deep fakes.
00:27:52Meanwhile, in Albania, the government is embracing AI a whole new
00:27:56way. Dalla started out as a virtual assistant, but now
00:28:00has visual form. She's been symbolic. appointed as minister to
00:28:04oversee public procurement, the hope is to clamp down on
00:28:07corruption, but how would this work in practice? we'll be watching to see
00:28:11how this develops. that's it from me, see you next
00:28:14time.
00:30:25Dobar dan, poštovani gledaoci, dobrodošli u
00:30:27dnevnik,
00:30:31traje potraga za... preživjelima nakon zemljotresa u
00:30:34Kolumbiji, više od 220 ljudi izgubilo
00:30:37život.
00:30:42Do kraja emisije između ostalog,
00:30:43gledajte.
00:30:48Zenički rudari napustili Jamu Raspotočje, kažu da neće
00:30:52dugo čekati na realizaciju datih
00:30:54obećanja.
00:30:58Stari poznati političari.