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00:02:17From building with wood to recycling concrete,
00:02:21the construction industry is looking for ways to reduce its massive carbon
00:02:24footprint, but
00:02:26it's...
00:02:30early days for change in the
00:02:31sector,
00:02:36one new sustainable approach and much more coming up tomorrow
00:02:40today.
00:02:45could this soil be the answer to the construction sector's dirty little
00:02:48secret? we have to really speed up things
00:02:52and we have to drastically transform the way that we handle
00:02:56and consume resources at all levels.
00:03:00'every week a truckload of soil lands in an old aircraft hanger in Berlin.
00:03:04It looks just like regular dirt because it is, but
00:03:08squashed into blocks, it becomes something potentially
00:03:10revolutionary, compared to traditional clay bricks making the soil
00:03:14blocks emits 97% less carbon dioxide.
00:03:18A revolution is needed because in environmental terms the
00:03:21construction industry is filthy. The building sector is the world's biggest
00:03:25polluter, according to the UN, between 2024 and
00:03:30but on 2020'. five it accounted for 34% of total global
00:03:34doing it everywhere and regardless of CO2 emissions. Over the same time period, that's more than the automotive and aviation
00:03:37sectors combined. One reason is the way traditional building
00:03:41materials are made. To make them strong enough to use, clay bricks are
00:03:45baked in furnaces that hit temperatures exceeding 1,00° celsius
00:03:49and they have to spend several days in the oven. Those
00:03:52kilns are typically powered by fossil fuels and release massive amounts of
00:03:56soit and carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
00:04:00It's very cheaply and very fastly built, with no intention of
00:04:04lasting longer than 40 to 50 years, which is
00:04:07insane.
00:04:11As soon as they're no longer wanted, buildings often raised to the
00:04:14ground, and lot of that debr just sends up in
00:04:17Landfill.
00:04:21Christian Gater Earthbound hopes his blocks can change
00:04:24this. The soil for them is taken from excavation was a
00:04:28construction site on the... skirts
00:04:31quarters in Gustenhouf hope for a of Berlin. Germany's federal environment agency reports demolition and construction waste like
00:04:35this comprises the country's biggest waste stream, but this earth has a different
00:04:39destiny. We were very interested in this sort
00:04:43of devalue chain of excavation material being moved from the
00:04:46construction side and then just deposited in land filled as
00:04:50waste. So we thought there was great potential in actually using this
00:04:53resource. After reaching Christian site, the soil
00:04:57is first dried and broken up, then mixed with a... tiny bit of
00:05:00water and
00:05:01compressed.
00:05:05there's two things that really come together here, one is that the production
00:05:09process doesn't use any other chemical. this, which on
00:05:13the one hand means that it's very, very low in terms of co2 emissions,
00:05:17and on the other hand, it also means that there are no toxic gases or any
00:05:21toxic substances released in the process when a building is constructed from
00:05:25the material. the eco bricks compete with our traditional
00:05:28counterparts in terms of their ability to bear loads and can support
00:05:32building of up to 17 meters tall, four or five stories
00:05:35high. each brick can withstand roughly 29 metric tons
00:05:39of pressure before breaking. that's roughly the weight of 15
00:05:43cars. The blocks can be laid with mortar and plaster, also
00:05:47made from earth. Rooms in houses made from them are cooler and more
00:05:50humid. I really hope that we can sort of take on the
00:05:54conventional maisonry um construction sector and substitute a
00:05:57significant share of what nowadays built with carbon
00:06:01intensive and also materials that are not recyclable at the end of the
00:06:05life cycle with the earth box that we are producing, which are
00:06:08100% made from waste materials uh very low in terms.
00:06:12of co2 emissions during the production, and at the end of the life
00:06:16cycle, most importantly, we can recycle them to new earth building
00:06:19products without any loss of value or without having to add any new
00:06:23materials.
00:06:26This is Seni Yemson, a researcher at the Natural Building Lab at Berlin's
00:06:30Technical University. She helped design Germany's first building to
00:06:34use recycled wood in load bearing capacity, but
00:06:38using reclaim materials is only part of the
00:06:40picture.
00:06:42is always needing, you always extract new materials, you always
00:06:46invest more energy, we invest
00:06:50um resources and and you also cause emissions and that's something i think we have
00:06:53to we have to keep them back our heads that even the most
00:06:57sustainable construction
00:07:00um is still causing all these things and
00:07:04the actual most sustainable kind of construction it's not constructing at
00:07:07all this project will be a minerals museum for her
00:07:10university she hope the use of secondh wood will spare property
00:07:14developers to follow
00:07:15suit.
00:07:19i think what is also good about circular economy is that it's
00:07:22it's it's supporting also maybe the development of business
00:07:25models that are focusing more on refurbishment and more on
00:07:29transformation instead of new construction and demolition
00:07:33so this may be also then an opportunity to
00:07:36drive um industries and and econom
00:07:39economies into more sustainable.
00:07:42direction: preventing demolition, repurposing
00:07:46buildings and using eco-friendly materials are hallmarks of circular
00:07:50construction.
00:07:52at scale, the practices could help sustainably house the
00:07:562.5 billion more people, the UN says will live in
00:07:59urban areas by
00:08:012050.
00:08:04but what about air quality in those cities? there are
00:08:08different ways to improve it, one of them surprisingly simple:
00:08:16Ja Chen from the Technical University of Munich and her
00:08:19colleague Lie Jun Way are in one of the city's
00:08:22parks. Over the course of several months, they've been
00:08:26taking measurements here and elsewhere in Munich to verify their
00:08:30calculations. They showed that urban green
00:08:33spaces can absorb surprisingly large
00:08:36amoun. Wir haben heraus gefunden, dass die
00:08:40ständischeration.
00:09:12activity in grass, in other words, how much CO2
00:09:16it absorbs. At the same time, they look at how much of the
00:09:20greenhouse gas is released back into the atmosphere
00:09:23through soil respiration.
00:09:26Their findings show that over the course of year, lawns
00:09:30are actually a net source of CO2, contributing
00:09:33more emissions than they remove. Trees
00:09:36are more effective carbon stores, while shrubs and
00:09:40bushes can also offset at least part.
00:10:12in cities, especially more trees, because they
00:10:16also offer other benefits beyond carbon
00:10:19storage.
00:10:37and they have positive psychological effects. my children are always
00:10:40happier
00:10:45when they're outside in green spaces. her recommendation, city planners should pay more
00:10:48attention to urban greenery. it improves
00:10:51the quality of life for residents and als
00:10:55improve a city's carbon
00:10:56balance.
00:11:01Barcelona showed it can work.
00:11:04Paris, Vienna,
00:11:06London and Gent in Belgium followed
00:11:09suit. Now it's the German City of Nurenburg's turn to
00:11:13experiment with Super blocks. When standard
00:11:16city blocks are grouped into zones that emphasize car-free public
00:11:20spaces.
00:11:22A jungle gym going up a play.
00:12:55traffic within a neighborhood, especially through traffic.
00:12:59At the same time, it creates more space for active
00:13:02mobility, such as walking and cycling, while often
00:13:06making them nicer places to spend
00:13:08time.
00:13:10Improving the quality of public spaces, making it more
00:13:14comfortable for people to spend time on their
00:13:17streets. That's why additional seating is being
00:13:20installed with 59 parking
00:13:22spaces having been removed for.
00:14:32Gent car ownership declined over several
00:14:35years from 1.2 cars per household to
00:14:39roughly one car per household. These are
00:14:42effects that emerge when people rethink their habits in the medium
00:14:45to long term and then decide they may not actually need a car
00:14:49anymore because they use other means of
00:14:51transport.
00:14:56similar success story: they organized
00:14:59association and raised over 700 through
00:15:03crowdfunding a flood of volunteers
00:15:06followed.
00:15:08incredible number of people suddenly wanted to get involved
00:15:12because they realized they could create something tangible with their
00:15:16own efforts, something that wouldn't just disappear into
00:15:19a filing cabinet somewhere, but something solid
00:15:23and real for themselves and
00:15:37Eigentlich ist ein Superblock nichts anders als ein
00:15:40Balkon.
00:15:44The idea is that people spend time outdoors, but how
00:15:48often are people actually out on their balconies, maybe six months
00:15:51a year after that it grows too
00:15:54cold.
00:16:01He wants representation for every interest group in the
00:16:05neighborhood.
00:16:09We need to look at what different social groups make up
00:16:12society here and perhaps set up around
00:16:15table, one where families, seniors,
00:16:18singles and people with or without an immigrant background
00:16:22are all represented. We should first ask how the
00:16:26idea is being received, what does each
00:16:29group actually need in order to accept this tatsächlich
00:16:32akzeptiert?
00:16:37depends largely on public acceptance, so who should take the
00:16:41initiative, residents or local authorities? experts say
00:16:45there's no one size fits all
00:16:47solution.
00:16:49on the one hand, it strengthens legitimacy when residents
00:16:53themselves demand these kinds of
00:16:55changes. on the other, it can mean that
00:16:59neighborhoods that have lots of politically articulate and
00:17:02active residents benefit most, because they make
00:17:06demands.
00:18:07and to ensure this new public space will in the
00:18:10future remain filled with life rather than cars
00:18:14and
00:18:17how are landscapes changing outside cities? germany's
00:18:21countryside is no longer devoted just to farms.
00:18:25renewable energy is now harvested there as well and
00:18:28that can be controversial.
00:18:31around 60 km east of berlin you'll find the
00:18:34merkalic nature. that's a popular
00:18:38recreational destination for the city's residence, the
00:18:42question is, for how much longer, renewable
00:18:45energy developers are moving aggressively into the
00:18:48region. if investor plans move forward,
00:18:51large solar farms will be built along the park's
00:18:54edges. opposition has been growing in the
00:18:57nearby town of munchebag where an initiative has stepped up
00:19:01its campaign against the
00:19:03project.
00:19:05we need the energy transition and
00:19:07to protect the climate, but we shouldn't be
00:19:11the cost. some gems like nature parks need
00:19:15to be preserved, kept free of large technical
00:19:18installations in the landscape.
00:19:21though understanding the concerns, the local chapter of nature
00:19:25non-profit warns that pitting climate protection against
00:19:28nature conservation is a bad
00:19:30idea. yanzama is also
00:19:34active in the initiative. his
00:19:37farm... borders one of the sites being considered for solar
00:19:40park.
00:19:44he's harvesting kale today. together with his
00:19:47partner, zama grows produce for the Berlin
00:19:50market. the farm was their dream,
00:19:54and one they had long pursued. the couple
00:19:57moved to Munchag 17 years ago to be as close as
00:20:00possible to nature. they use horses instead of
00:20:04tractors that keeps the soil from compacting.
00:20:07allowing it to retain more water,
00:20:11organic farming on 70 hectares, sustainable
00:20:15practices that work, but plans for
00:20:18solar parks could now change
00:20:20things.
00:20:27our landlords have been approached and asked whether they were interested in
00:20:31rededicating the land we lease to photovoltaic
00:20:34use.
00:20:37come and say, i've got a great idea, i'm taking your
00:20:41field, and then they go to your landlord of many years and
00:20:44offer him so much money that he throw in his grandmother for free,
00:20:48that's when i'd had enough.
00:20:50It makes it hard for me as a citizen to look at those vested interests and say, yeah, you have a great idea,
00:20:59no, I don't think it's a great
00:21:00idea.
00:21:03The farmer fears for his livelihood. We
00:21:06tried to speak with the investors about his
00:21:09accusations, but received no response. The
00:21:12utility company initially agreed to an interview, but
00:21:16later told us it had withdrawn from the project.
00:21:20For Yanzama, the playing field is anything but
00:21:23level. According to him, the investors offered his
00:21:27landlord 20 to 30 times more than he could ever afford
00:21:31as a farmer. From
00:21:35the nature park itself is its
00:21:37stake.
00:21:40When farmland is repurposed from food production to electricity
00:21:43generation, farmers stop being partners. Young people
00:21:47will no longer have the opportunity to cultivate.
00:22:50They can earn around 50,000 to 70,00 euros per
00:22:53turbine each year, simply by
00:22:56allowing the turbine to stand there. That's an
00:22:59excellent source of income. These
00:23:02land owners are beneficiaries of the energy transition, but
00:23:06someone also loses out, the farmer who doesn't own land and
00:23:10has to lease it.
00:23:12Yanzama hopes his landlord will reject the
00:23:16investor's offer and allow him to stay on the
00:23:19farm. he'll continue fighting to leave the nature park as
00:23:22it is. why? he asks should solar arrays be
00:23:26built in a protected area?
00:23:29the beauty of solar power is that the panels don't care where they
00:23:33are, they just need to face the sun. that means
00:23:36renewable electricity can be generated on sealed
00:23:39surfaces, rooftops and parking lots.
00:23:42there they don't cause problems. on the
00:23:44contrary.
00:23:47officials in muncheberg say they're carefully. reviewing all the
00:23:51arguments and that decision has yet to be
00:23:54taken, conservationist.
00:24:06In Brandenburg, there a law stating that municipalities have to receive financial
00:24:09compensation when solar farms or wind turbines are
00:24:12built, and since public budgets are tight
00:24:16almost everywhere, there's a strong incentive for local.
00:25:20Wait and see what the authorities decide, land ownership
00:25:24plays a crucial role in the issue, both for him
00:25:27and for Germany's energy
00:25:29transition.
00:25:34Speaking of renewable energy, here's a great
00:25:38question from our viewer Bernard in
00:25:40Ghana.
00:25:44How do solar panels
00:25:46work?
00:25:48Solar panels, Also called solar modules are made up of
00:25:52number of solar cells linked together. About
00:25:5695% of all solar cells are currently made from
00:25:59silicon obtained from quartz sand. It's melted and
00:26:03cleaned in a complex process, the resulting
00:26:06silicon is cut into thin slices called
00:26:09wafers. to make the cell electrically conductive, the
00:26:12silicon is intentionally contaminated or
00:26:15doped. some wafers with
00:26:17boron, others with
00:26:19phosphorus.
00:26:22when the wafers doped with boron and phosphorus are placed
00:26:25together, excess electrons migrate from the
00:26:28phosphorus silicone layer into the boron silicone layer.
00:26:32This leads to a surplus of
00:26:36them at the top. Similar to battery, solar cells
00:26:39have positive and negative poles. When
00:26:43sunlight strikes the cell, electrons are released in the
00:26:46silicon boron layer. Since they're negatively charged,
00:26:50they're drawn to the positive pole. Solar cells
00:26:53also have metallic conductors at their top and bottom. The
00:26:57free electrons travel along these tracks, generating an electrical
00:27:01current as long as the sun. is
00:27:02shining.
00:27:08when more light strikes the surface, more power is generated. to
00:27:12increase yield, solar modules are usually connected in
00:27:15series and linked up to form larger
00:27:18systems. but even small modules can
00:27:22generate enough electricity for everyday needs. more
00:27:25than 11% of all renewable energy already
00:27:28comes from solar energy, increasing trend. It's
00:27:32a form of energy with almost infinite
00:27:35potential.
00:27:39What a stars made of? How many
00:27:42colors can butterflies see? Could
00:27:45robots have babies one day? Do you have
00:27:49science question? Then send it to us as a video, text
00:27:53or voice message. If
00:27:55we answer it in the show, then we'll send you a little gift as a thank you.
00:27:59So, just ask.
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00:30:06If you follow us from week to
00:30:40week, then you are always well informed about all the current
00:30:44events in the seventh art. Let it be so this
00:30:47week, welcome to Movie Top 10 on
00:30:50N1 channel. This is what the current American
00:30:54Box Office list looks
00:30:56like.