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00:00:10Can you tell what you're looking at? These are close-up images
00:00:14of a fertilized human egg implanting itself into the lining
00:00:18of the uterus. And amazingly, this isn't a passive
00:00:23of process. The human embryo can be seen actively pulling itself into the
00:00:26uterine lining. This discovery is changing. our
00:00:30understanding of fertility and conception with potentially
00:00:34huge benefits for IVF. More on
00:00:37that and other groundbreaking medical research. Now on
00:00:41DWS Science Show, Tomorrow
00:00:43Today.
00:00:47At this fertility clinic in
00:00:49a Munich, doctors are hopeful new breakthrough could improve one of IVF's biggest
00:00:53challenges, successful embryo
00:00:55implantation.
00:01:09We perform the procedure under very short anesthetic, it takes just
00:01:135 to 10 minutes, afterwards patients wake up and ideally don't
00:01:17feel a thing, but even when we're transferring the very best
00:01:20embryos, we still can't predict whether that embryo will eventually become a
00:01:24baby sagen können, ob diese embryo wirklich zum Baby
00:01:26wird.
00:01:30preserved, stored at ultra low temperatures in liquid nitrogen
00:01:33tanks for future use. Sperm are injected into eggs that
00:01:37have previously been collected from the patient, but IVF is a
00:01:41complex process. Whether viable embryo develops depends a whole
00:01:45range of factors. It very much depends on the woman's
00:01:49age. Between 30 and 35 we see the highest success rates, around
00:01:5340%. As women approach 40 and especially
00:01:56beyond 40, those numbers fall significantly. women over
00:02:0042, the success rates are unfortunately very low, usually below
00:02:045%. doctors
00:02:08do everything they can to improve the odds. fertilized eggs are
00:02:12monitored and analysed over 5 days with cameras tracking their
00:02:15development around the clock, but even the most promising embryos don't
00:02:19always implant in the
00:02:20uterus.
00:02:25there are countless processes involved in the creation of life that we still don't
00:02:29in fully understand. We have many unanswered questions, also about
00:02:33aging. We know,
00:02:34for example,
00:02:35that egg cells undergo significant age-related changes by
00:02:38the age of 35 at
00:02:40the latest. Certain proteins no longer function as effectively, and that can have
00:02:44negative impact on both embryodevelopment and pregnancy
00:02:50of rate. A few kilometers away at the
00:02:54Institute of Epigenetics and Stem Cells in
00:02:56Munich. and her
00:03:00team are working to answer some of those
00:03:02questions. It's a bit like
00:03:06of a black
00:03:07a box
00:03:07in a way and particular
00:03:09a implantation has been really not accessible because implantation occurs
00:03:13in the wamb
00:03:14of the mother, so we can't see that, we cannot
00:03:17a observe that otherwise. Now research teams in
00:03:21China, the US and
00:03:23of Britain have succeeded in recreating the earliest stage of embryo
00:03:27implantation
00:03:28in a petry dish.
00:03:33so the study tell
00:03:35of us that we have
00:03:35of been able to bring together the endometro
00:03:39and human embryo systems to study
00:03:42implantation in vitro for the first
00:03:44time. the work has produced
00:03:48unprecedented microscopic images of
00:03:50a simulated
00:03:51uterus
00:03:55that will never result in a pregnancy and baby because this is
00:03:59basically just... tiny part
00:04:01of the complete nine months
00:04:03of the pregnancy and we cannot reproduce the rest at
00:04:06all in in vitro, but instead gives us the opportunity to
00:04:10study that window which is the critical one for
00:04:13implantation. using
00:04:16of advanced 3D models, the international research teams have made this complex
00:04:20process visible and uncovered important biological
00:04:22interactions. the analysis was done by looking at different
00:04:26proteins and the DNA, and so for example here we
00:04:30see is the nuclei, so the DNA, the genetic material both
00:04:34of the cells
00:04:34of the endometrious scaffold. one important observation of this
00:04:38reconstruction is that the embryo is
00:04:41surrounded by specific type of
00:04:44of cells that we called stromal cells. for the study, researches
00:04:48isolated stromal and epithelial cells from tissue donated by
00:04:52healthy volunteers. the cells were supplied with nutrients and
00:04:56stimulated using signaling molecules, growth factors and horns.
00:05:01For the first time, this allowed scientists to prepare an artificial womb lining to
00:05:05receive an embryo. The model makes it possible to recreate different
00:05:08biological scenarios under control conditions.
00:05:12with human embryos, however, remained strictly regulated. what
00:05:16we call the 14-day rule is a period of
00:05:20time where scientists around the world have agreed
00:05:24that we can actually culture human ras up to that day, and so
00:05:28that's the day basically allow scientists to grow
00:05:32human embryos until the day 14 of
00:05:34development. those first few days are
00:05:38exactly where success or failure is decided. the
00:05:41findings.
00:06:12zu beeinflussen
00:06:15- eben dinge entwickeln
00:06:19kann, die am Ende diesen Paaren have. Today around
00:06:2370% of IVF treatments still do not lead to successful
00:06:26pregnancy, but researchers believe that could improve
00:06:29significantly in the years
00:06:31ahead.
00:06:37When that long-awaited baby finally arrives, of course you want
00:06:41everything to be just perfect.
00:06:44Researchers in Germany are developing new testing methods to detect
00:06:48rare metabolic disorders and vitamin deficiencies in
00:06:51newborns.
00:06:58For Neo, this is the final checkup. After today's blood
00:07:02test, he won't need to return to Hidelberg University Hospital in
00:07:06Southwest Germany. Shortly after he was born, doctors
00:07:09discovered he had a vitamin B12 deficiency. a condition
00:07:13that can seriously affect brain development if left
00:07:16untreated.
00:07:20when infants have a vitamin B12 deficiency, it usually becomes noticeable
00:07:24from around four to six months of age. they may show
00:07:27significant developmental delays and muscular hypotonia, meaning they're
00:07:31a bit floppy and not learning to move properly. it can cause brain damage,
00:07:35and in some cases those effects may not be fully reversible, even if the
00:07:39deficiency is identified and treated.
00:07:44Neo's deficiency was detected through newborn screening.
00:07:48A few days after birth, a small blood sample is taken from the baby and
00:07:52analysed for signs of metabolic and other serious disorders.
00:07:56Until now, screening for vitamin B12 deficiency, as in Neo's
00:07:59case, was part of a research study. The results
00:08:03showed that the test reliably identifies affected
00:08:06children. The report indicated that
00:08:10where screening is carried out. fewer children go to develop the
00:08:14severe infantile vitamin B12 deficiency, so screening and
00:08:18early treatment really do make difference. As
00:08:22result, vitamin B12 deficiency has now been added to Germany's routine
00:08:26newborn screening program. Vitamin B12 is
00:08:30found primarily in animal products. A deficiency can develop when
00:08:33mothers are unable to take in enough the vitamin during
00:08:36pregnancy. A vegan diet can be one reason, although there are
00:08:40many others. Once detected, the deficiency is usually
00:08:44easy to treat. The infants receive vitamin supplements and
00:08:48are monitored regularly. In most cases, the problem
00:08:51resolves once they begin eating animal-based foods
00:08:54themselves. Every day, between 500 and a
00:08:58thousand blood samples from newborns arrive at the metabolic laboratory at
00:09:01Heidelberg University Hospital. Over the past decades,
00:09:05newborn screening has expanded dramatically. When it was first
00:09:09introduced in 1969, it looked for just one. rare disorder,
00:09:13today it screens for 33,
00:09:17originally there weren't machines, testing was based on
00:09:20microbiological inhibition assays. today, as you see,
00:09:24we have large analytical machines that can measure metabolites and amino acids
00:09:28very precisely, that means we can test for far more and with much
00:09:32greater accuracy. average, one blood sample
00:09:36each day in Heidelberg produces an abnormal result, but
00:09:40screening for vitamin B12 deficiency. become reliable in recent
00:09:43years. That was made possible by advances in laboratory
00:09:47analysis, developments that researchers in Hidalberg also helped
00:09:51towards. Vitamin B12
00:09:55deficiency is far more common than many the disorders that were already included
00:09:59in newborn screening. And in most cases, this test also
00:10:02identifies deficiency in the mother that's been passed on during
00:10:06pregnancy. George Hoffman's team also investigated
00:10:10whether it might be possible to detect the deficiency.
00:10:27and the more specific signs of vitamin B12 deficiency that are described
00:10:31in textbooks simply aren't very often
00:10:33seen.
00:10:37So for now, the focus remains on screening
00:10:39newborns. Vitamin B12 deficiency has since
00:10:43been treated. She's simply grateful that she agreed to the
00:10:47additional screening
00:10:48test.
00:10:54Ich habe quasi. "I took part in the newborn screening program and also
00:10:58volunteered to have some additional tests done because I just thought, well it can't
00:11:02hurt. But I hadn't really read all the information in detail
00:11:06and I didn't give it much thought. It was only when our pediatrician called
00:11:10to say something wasn't right, that I went back and looked through the paperwork from the
00:11:13hospital. That's when I realized what the consequences could have
00:11:17been.
00:11:21Fortunately, for Neo, those risks never became a reality.
00:11:28now let's go back to the beginning: after fertilization,
00:11:32the human egg cell divides again and again. this process
00:11:36forms embryonic stem cells, cells that can develop into
00:11:40every tissue in the human body. we still have stem
00:11:44cells as adults, they're vital for the body's repair
00:11:47processes, but they're already specialized for particular
00:11:50tasks. around 20 years ago, researches discovered how
00:11:54to... program adult cells, returning them to a state much
00:11:58like an embryonic stem cell. now scientists hope tiny
00:12:02nano robots can persuade these artificial stem cells to become
00:12:06bone cells. sounds crazy? take a
00:12:09look! in these
00:12:12dishes are human stem cells and tiny microscopic
00:12:16robots. it's only under the microscope
00:12:20that their remarkable ability becomes
00:12:22visible. the robots... can trigger stem
00:12:25cells to transform into bone cells, a breakthrough that could one
00:12:29day help damaged bone tissue
00:12:31regenerate. artificially grown bone
00:12:35tissue like this could help shorten recovery times for diseases such as bone
00:12:39cancer or after serious accidents and may
00:12:43even prevent the need for amputations in some
00:12:45cases, and this is how it
00:12:48works: inside the dishes are tiny gel-filled
00:12:51cushions, packed inside them a nano-scale robot.
00:12:55They're made up of chemical molecules that can
00:12:57contract. A laser activates the tiny
00:13:01robots, as they contract, they press against the stem
00:13:05cells.
00:13:06This constant gentle pressure, almost like massage, switches on the stem
00:13:10cells genetic program. That causes them to
00:13:13transform into bone cells. Here we can see the cell
00:13:17after activation and the resulting fully differentiated bone
00:13:21cells. The aim is to use this process to...
00:13:25damaged tissue and potentially not just
00:13:28bone, depending on how long and how intensely they're
00:13:31massaged by the robots, the same stem cells can also become
00:13:35heart muscle cells or cartilage
00:13:37cells, our gel cushions can do
00:13:41two things: first they can train a patient's stem
00:13:44cells, and second they can transport the
00:13:48important cargo, for example heart muscle cells into the
00:13:52patient.
00:13:57At the bottom of this tube are 400 thousand these gel
00:14:00cushions, each containing molecular nano robots and stem
00:14:04cells, but it could still be several years before the technology
00:14:08is ready for use in patients. Research on insulin
00:14:12producing cells is already much further advanced. In people with
00:14:15diabetes, these cells are damaged or destroyed. The team
00:14:19led by stem cell researcher Mathias Hapock is developing stem
00:14:23cells that can be turned into.
00:15:37likely continue to be necessary as
00:15:39well, the hope is that
00:15:43combining both approaches could make it faster and more precise to
00:15:46regenerate damaged tissue using stem
00:15:49cells. a
00:15:52small cut usually heals all by itself within a few days,
00:15:56put bandade on it and the body does the rest, but it's a very
00:16:00different story when internal organs such as the heart are damaged,
00:16:04heart muscle cells can only regenerate to a limited.
00:16:07extent, and when the heart becomes weak, the consequences can
00:16:11quickly become life-threatening. Open heart
00:16:15surgery in Guttingen in Central Germany. The patient is
00:16:19suffering from advanced heart failure. Part of his heart muscle has
00:16:23died and can no longer help to pump blood around the body. As
00:16:27result, the heart grows progressively weaker until eventually it can
00:16:31no longer keep going. These
00:16:35unassuming hexagonal patches could offer
00:16:37lifeline, they're a kind of bandade
00:16:41for the heart, made up of millions of heart muscle and connective tissue
00:16:45cells grown in the
00:16:46lab.
00:16:53further north at Schleise Holstein University Hospital, Frank
00:16:57Tieger is also a heart failure patient. After
00:17:01total of nine heart attacks, large numbers of his heart muscle cells
00:17:05have died. Three.
00:17:47if the heart's pumping capacity remains above 40%, the
00:17:51condition can usually be kept stable allowing patients to lead a
00:17:54largely normal life, but when that figure sinks
00:17:58further, the risks increase
00:17:59dramatically.
00:18:05medikament komplett aus.
00:18:19the heart patch could offer life-saving alternative, as
00:18:23serious part high
00:18:23both of are an risk ongoing
00:18:24procedures, clinical trial, Stepan Ensminger has already implanted 10
00:18:27these patches. Some of his patients are on the waiting list
00:18:31for donor heart. Across Germany, nearly 700 people are currently
00:18:35waiting, but only around 300.
00:18:38Donor hearts become available each year, if the heart patch proved
00:18:41successful,
00:18:42it could save many more lives. There are around
00:18:46250,00 patients in Germany living with advanced heart failure, all of
00:18:50whom could potentially benefit, but there are still many unanswer
00:18:53questions. We're running clinical study with strict inclusion criteria,
00:18:57and there are limitations. Some patients respond very well, others
00:19:01less so, but so far we haven't had a single patient who showed no
00:19:05degree of improvement. 'If these
00:19:09early results continue to hold up, one man in particular will be
00:19:12delighted. The heart patch is in many ways the
00:19:16culmination of Volfram Hubertus Zimmerman's life's
00:19:19work. For 30 years he's been
00:19:23researching artificial heart
00:19:24tissue. Now that
00:19:28research is finally helping patients who are fighting for their
00:19:31lives.
00:19:35We see these patients every day in hospitals.
00:20:08the process begins with stem cells from donor cell bank.
00:20:12researchers induce these cells to develop into beating heart muscle
00:20:15cells. by the time the patch is finished, no stem cells
00:20:19remain.
00:20:24once manufactured, the patches must be implanted within 14
00:20:27days. to meet what could become enormous demand,
00:20:31researchers are now focusing on making production faster and more
00:20:34efficient.
00:20:50wait th months, instead we would have them readily available for
00:20:54immediate clinical use. back in the operating
00:20:57theater in Guttingan, the surgeon stitched together 10 individual heart
00:21:01patches to create a larger graft. the yellow sponge acts as
00:21:05a supporting base and later breaks down naturally inside the
00:21:08body. researchers estimate that around
00:21:12half the 800 million implanted cells will survive.
00:21:16eventually they contract in sink with the patient's heartbeat. If
00:21:20the heart's pumping function simply stops getting worse, that alone would be
00:21:24considered success. If it improves, the patient may no longer need
00:21:28a donor heart at all. The patches
00:21:31stitched directly onto the beating heart, where it gradually integrates with the
00:21:35surrounding tissue over the following
00:21:37weeks. It will be
00:21:40significantly less expensive than
00:21:43a heart transplant. If we succeed in automating the manufacturing
00:21:46process, the cost of producing each heart patch should fall.
00:22:50patients with these potentially life-saving heart
00:22:52patches.
00:22:59what if instead of simply swallowing medicines and allowing them to
00:23:02circulate throughout the entire body, we could deliver them
00:23:06directly to the precise location where they're
00:23:08needed. perhaps with the help of
00:23:12implant produced a 3d
00:23:15printer. research is
00:23:18underway a lab and
00:23:50make more sense to release medications exactly where they're required,
00:23:54without putting unnecessary strain on the rest the
00:23:56body, unnötig belasten. The
00:24:00project is called Endelease, short for endovascular release.
00:24:04The idea is to use implant placed inside a blood vessel to deliver
00:24:08medication directly where it's
00:24:09needed. The system works by
00:24:13implanting a drug filled device into the body using a minimally invasive
00:24:17procedure. A catheter is then used to guide it through an
00:24:21artery to the target location. We're
00:24:24making use the body's natural infrastructure. Over the course of
00:24:28evolution, arteries have become the ideal highways that we can use to
00:24:32transport our implant, and capillaries, the ideal sites for
00:24:36exchange where medications can pass into the target
00:24:38tissue. Experts from a wide range of
00:24:42disciplines are working together to make that vision a reality. The team
00:24:46is currently developing and testing prototypes in the lab and
00:24:50expectations are
00:24:51high, we hope that in
00:24:55the future systems will make treatments both safer and more
00:24:58effective by delivering highly concentrated doses directly to the
00:25:02target site while avoiding systemic side effects in the rest the
00:25:06body. Another potential
00:25:10advantage is that the technology could help reduce healthcare
00:25:13costs. The
00:25:16savings wouldn't necessarily come from using less medication.
00:25:20Although we would be releasing much smaller amounts
00:25:23locally. The bigger benefit is that we may be able to treat
00:25:26diseases earlier and more effectively, potentially avoiding a huge amount
00:25:30of follow-up costs. The system has now
00:25:34been filed for patent protection in several countries, but there's still
00:25:38a long road ahead before it reaches clinical use. How quickly that
00:25:42happens will depend on future funding and on how successfully the
00:25:46technology performs in further testing.
00:25:52That's all from us for now, thanks for
00:25:55watching and we'll see you again next time tomorrow
00:25:59today.
00:29:41svoje goste pitam ono što pretpostavljam da biste ih i vi
00:29:45pitali, dajući im priliku da ponude adekvatne odgovore, ja sam
00:29:49Dalibor Mrdić vi gledate
00:29:51N1.
00:30:24Dobro veče, poštovani gledaoci, dobrodošli u dnevnik N1 vijest
00:30:27dan. U
00:30:31požaru. Mišu poginula državljanka Bosne i Hercegovine. Požari u
00:30:35našoj zemlji ne jednjavaju najkritičnije na području Džepske planine prema
00:30:39naseljenom mjestu Brđani kod konjice.
00:30:43Strahujem evo svaki sam dan tamo dežuram ja organizacija je slaba
00:30:47u globalu organizacija je slaba. Evo ja odjutros šaljem
00:30:51poruku ljudima ovamo da mi da mi ne znam dovučeš
00:30:55džipom napretnjača da mi do jer ja sam ovde sam na
00:30:59nekih 300 400 onaj.