Google Cloud Speech-to-Text API (Chirp) + Gemini 2.5 Flash Non-Thinking. Treat it as a searchable index of what was broadcast, not a quotation record.
00:00:00We send you Coenzyme Q10 free of charge as a gift with free
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00:00:11Aspirin Protect (100 mg) is recommended for people with
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00:00:36rather the millions of images of
00:00:45We've all been there,
00:00:47sector. it's one of impatiently waiting as a computer struggles to keep up, and AI
00:00:51applications have taken demands for computing power to a whole new
00:00:55level. Last year, Europe's fastest supercomputer
00:00:58went online in. It can perform more than a quintillion
00:01:02calculations every second, yet that's not
00:01:05even leading the pack. China's latest model is thought to
00:01:09be twice as quick and future computers could soon grow
00:01:13faster than ever before as they tap into the power of the quantum
00:01:17world.
00:01:21How that works and what it means for the security of your
00:01:24data. Coming up on the show. Welcome to Tomorrow
00:01:27Today.
00:01:31In his lab at Oxford University, David Nadlinga
00:01:35actually just wanted to show us where the quantum computer sits
00:01:38among all the lasers and optical setups, but
00:01:42now the whole system has been thrown out of
00:01:45wack. Precision is in the micrometer
00:01:49range and something has shifted slightly. The optical
00:01:52fiber has a diameter of just few micrometers and we try to
00:01:56map this atom exactly onto the fiber.
00:02:00trying to aim exactly,
00:02:02but this is a single atom, very little light, the
00:02:06image forms somewhere
00:02:07here,
00:02:14get more signal.
00:02:17the basement labs at the elite university may look pretty
00:02:21cluttered, but they could be the birthplace of key breakthrough in
00:02:24quantum computing performance, led by
00:02:27David Nadlinger and his team.
00:02:31In the first part of the quantum era, our understanding was
00:02:34used to build lasers and transistors, all this modern
00:02:38technology, now we're using those tools to manipulate
00:02:42individual atoms to get them to store information, is the atom
00:02:45in one state or another, is it a zero or a one, or both at
00:02:49the same time?
00:02:52Both at once, that's the special part when everything is
00:02:56possible at the same time.
00:03:01To solve maze, for example, a quantum computer could
00:03:04calculate all the possible paths at once
00:03:08rather than trying one after another like a conventional
00:03:11computer, and that makes a huge difference with
00:03:15every additional bit of information, here the atoms,
00:03:18computing power doubles, grows
00:03:21exponentially, and that's the promise of quantum
00:03:24physics.
00:03:29to make available. exponential: here's what
00:03:33that means: two quantum bits or cubits give
00:03:36four times the computing power. 10 cubits
00:03:40mean 1,24 times the power, and the
00:03:43calculations quickly head into the
00:03:46unfathomable.
00:03:49300 classical bits, we reached that milestone 50 years
00:03:53ago, but if I had 300 quantum bits, but 300 quantum
00:03:57bits would correspond to around.
00:04:30As an experimental physicist, I'm always dealing with
00:04:33errors.
00:04:37It's an engineering challenge.
00:04:49What does that mean for bank data, medical records or intelligence services? How can information be securely transmitted in the
00:04:52future? Andrew Shield's answer with quantum
00:04:56physics.
00:05:00complex mathematics, but on the strange rules of the quantum
00:05:04world. we can use new techniques which are
00:05:08not susceptible to being broken by a quantum
00:05:10computer. communication gives us one
00:05:14of one way to do that. the thing
00:05:17is that in the world of quantum physics, simply observing
00:05:21particles changes them. that principle is
00:05:24now being used in practice. in London
00:05:27a quantum secure network is being tested for the
00:05:31first time. in it, companies exchange
00:05:34secure keys via quantum encryption, though range and
00:05:38data rates remain
00:05:39limited.
00:05:42the system, instead of sending simple pulses of light
00:05:46through optical fibers, they carry individual photons
00:05:50that are set to a particular quantum state. if
00:05:54eas dropper tries to ease drop on the encoded
00:05:57single photons on route, that act actually changes their
00:06:01encoding, and the change in the encoding can be sensed by the system
00:06:05as a errors in the shared bit
00:06:08sequence. when an error rate rises,
00:06:12Receiver detects Eves dropping and stops the
00:06:15transmission.
00:06:17Observation changes the information. That
00:06:21aspect is unique to the quantum world. It's as
00:06:25though a book were not really a book, independent of us
00:06:29and unchanging, but instead was altered
00:06:33by the act of reading it.
00:06:36Quantum encryption is coming, but so are quantum
00:06:40computers? The race is on. Back in
00:06:43Oxford, the system is up and running again. It could
00:06:47become the turbo motor at the heart of a future large scale
00:06:51quantum computer. Experiments with lasers and
00:06:54mirrors bundle light and send it to the machine's
00:06:57core.
00:07:00That's a simple microchip holding a single strontium
00:07:04atom which reaches a state of excitement when struck by the
00:07:07laser. The atom
00:07:10radiates.
00:07:51Entanglement: It's perhaps the strangest phenomenon in
00:07:54quantum physics, one that can be illustrated with
00:07:58socks.
00:08:01Imagine it like this: two people represent the
00:08:05atoms in our quantum computers. Their
00:08:08socks are the light photons for exchanging information.
00:08:13The color of those socks represents a quantum
00:08:15property, their
00:08:17polarization.
00:08:20Who is wearing which color doesn't matter.
00:08:23At least until at the quantum level, David and Andrew
00:08:26become entangled. That means the two are no longer
00:08:30independent, but form a single system. The quantum
00:08:33property, the color of the socks, is now inseparably
00:08:37linked. And now, as crazy as it sounds,
00:08:40David and Andrew can move as far. hard as they want, yet remain
00:08:44entangled, but as soon as an atom is measured, the
00:08:48sock colors are determined again, at exactly the
00:08:51same moment and always in opposition to one another, so
00:08:54even from the other side of the world, Andrew would know that if his sock is
00:08:58green, then David's is
00:09:00red.
00:09:05does this really happen?
00:09:07david has written a program to prove that his two quantum
00:09:11computers.
00:10:25years, many quantum computers could be
00:10:27connected, unlocking enormous computing
00:10:30power, and sending current encryption methods into
00:10:34obselescence.
00:10:41Did you get all that? If not, don't worry, you're not
00:10:45alone. Even Albert Einstein found quantum physics
00:10:48strange and unsettling, because it just doesn't seem to make
00:10:52sense. We'll get back to quantum computers. a little
00:10:55while, but first let's talk about cats, or
00:11:01them found online. In an age of AI, can you
00:11:04tell which cats are real and which are fake? A new
00:11:08technology could help us spot the
00:11:10difference.
00:11:14This is a real photo of a real cat, and
00:11:18this is an image created by AI. Without human
00:11:22help, how can we tell which is real and which? is
00:11:25fake?
00:11:28that question is being explored at the Swiss Federal Institute of
00:11:31Technology in Basel. there
00:11:34researchers have developed a chip that records a picture's authenticity
00:11:38at the moment it's taken.
00:11:41felix franca worked on the
00:11:42project.
00:11:45the chip is a sensor. it could for instance be part of camera sensor
00:11:49that captures light and directly within the sensor watermark is
00:11:53generated that later guarantees will be.
00:11:55to verify the image is real, not
00:11:57artificial. Here's how the technology
00:12:01works: every time the camera takes a photo, a
00:12:04special chip inside the sensor creates an invisible
00:12:07stamp, kind of certificate of
00:12:10authenticity.
00:12:13With this, you can determine whether an image truly comes from say a
00:12:16smartphone camera or another physical sensor and not from an artificial
00:12:20source.
00:12:23The chip is still a prototype.
00:12:25but the technology could eventually be built into any kind of
00:12:28sensor or camera.
00:12:31Social networks like Instagram could then
00:12:34automatically check whether content is genuine and
00:12:37label manipulated images
00:12:39accordingly. What needs to happen is that
00:12:43society and perhaps policymakers need to exert
00:12:46pressure to create incentives for companies implement this
00:12:49technology, because ultimately it will have to be
00:12:53integrated into camera sensorchip. to become truly
00:12:56usable. At Zuric-based Pixel
00:12:59Vision, deep fake detection is already in
00:13:02use.
00:13:06The company develops identity verification systems for
00:13:10customers like banks or telecoms
00:13:12firms. Their systems have to be able to
00:13:15distinguish real images from fake ones, because fraud
00:13:19has grown common in identity checks involving portrait
00:13:23photos.
00:15:03It works for now, but because criminals are constantly developing
00:15:07new ways to create deep fakes, the software has to be
00:15:10continuously retrained, that's the
00:15:13only way to ensure it'll be able to keep identifying
00:15:16manipulated images in the
00:15:18future.
00:15:22It sounds a little crazy, we keep. developing AI systems
00:15:26to detect the increasingly convincing fakes created by
00:15:30other AI systems, but
00:15:32those systems can do so much more, and in the
00:15:35future, in combination with robotics, AI could
00:15:39save lives. In fact, AI powered
00:15:43robot dogs are already helping us identify
00:15:46dangers before they become
00:15:48threats.
00:15:52Robots are growing more and more agile. In today's
00:15:55workplaces, especially in dangerous environments, they're
00:15:58increasingly able to support humans by taking on
00:16:02tasks that require more independence.
00:16:05Researcher.
00:16:37company that robots like these can improve
00:16:40security, it moves with open ears and
00:16:43eyes through the country's most modern gas-fired power
00:16:47plant. however, the robot dog is not meant to replace humans
00:16:50entirely.
00:16:53there are tasks that are less attractive due to shift work, and
00:16:56also tasks in sensitive environments where we deal with chemicals
00:17:00that can be dangerous. that's where we see the potential to
00:17:04combine the work of machines, robots.
00:17:20any and also carry range of devices to distant destinations. even long staircases don't keep it from bringing
00:17:23its sensors exactly where they're needed, and with
00:17:27rapid advances in software, robots like
00:17:30these are also
00:17:31increasingly.
00:17:34What's exciting here is that many people already know.
00:18:38Engineers were so impressed that they decided to invest about
00:18:42200,000 to give the robot a permanent home
00:18:46in Kiele. For now, it just raises
00:18:49alerts, when something goes wrong, it still doesn't act
00:18:53autonomously.
00:18:55Researchers at Keele University are pushing the envelope
00:18:59more. They want to deploy robots autonomously
00:19:02tasks like firefighting to reduce
00:19:05potential risk to human life.
00:19:37with the forest that's on fire, despite its
00:19:40agility, without the right software, it couldn't effectively
00:19:44combat flames and complex scenarios and
00:19:47speaking of combat, robots are also being trained for
00:19:51that. development has been accelerated by the war in
00:19:54Ukraine.
00:20:03technologies.
00:20:07whether it's for
00:20:55Now back to quantum computers, with their
00:20:58extraordinary power and characteristics, they could one
00:21:01day break encryption methods that are currently considered
00:21:04unbreakable. What can we do to protect ourselves
00:21:08from this kind of quantum digital
00:21:10attack?
00:21:13Here more than anywhere else, money is king.
00:21:16Canary Wharf in London's financial district an estimated.
00:21:203.8 trillion dollars in foreign exchange trades
00:21:24are processed here every day, more than a
00:21:27third of the total volume
00:21:29globally.
00:21:32the rapid development of quantum computing has shaken the
00:21:37the biggest risks we've ever seen in terms of threat to
00:21:40cryptography. Europe's largest bank has
00:21:44220,000 employees and rakes in
00:21:4725 billion dollars in profit annual.
00:21:52lot of the systems that protects customers data and
00:21:56the payments and that keep
00:21:58it secure and is the the bedrock of security in the financial services
00:22:02system, that is at risk from emerging quantum
00:22:06computing capability, lot of money could be stolen, lot of money can
00:22:09be stolen, lot of disruption could be had, it will
00:22:13undermine the very foundation of trust in the
00:22:17financial services system, and if a... some
00:22:20computer is used to break cryptography, it could result
00:22:23in, a catastrophic loss of confidence, not just in
00:22:26banks, but in the financial system as a whole. hackers in
00:22:29countries like China and Russia attack data networks
00:22:33worldwide. At the same time, the Chinese government invests more
00:22:37than any other in quantum computing, secure encryption has
00:22:40become a geopolitical necessity. Banks are top
00:22:44targets for cyber criminals, um,
00:22:46and other areas that are going to be under particular. kind
00:22:50of uh threat is national security and government
00:22:53type of uh uh data, um, health and energy and
00:22:57infrastructure, so it's a pan industry
00:23:00problem. Germany's Bundesbank, for example, assumes
00:23:04more than 5,000 cyber attacks occur per
00:23:06minute. Firewalls, antivirus programs and
00:23:10autonomous defense software can help, but you can't fully
00:23:13monitor the entire network all the time.
00:23:17Bank data, digital signatures, information,
00:23:21genetic data, without secure networks, modern life
00:23:24harbors big risks. The
00:23:27ability to encrypt data securely is vital.
00:23:30Current encryption methods are based on math problems that are
00:23:34easy to solve in one direction, but practically impossible in the
00:23:38other. Take what's called prime
00:23:41factorization. With small numbers, it's simple.
00:23:4415 is the product of 3 *
00:23:465,
00:23:4970. seven is the product of 7 *
00:23:5211,
00:23:55but the larger the product, the more difficult it is to find the
00:23:59prime factors that produced it. so already
00:24:03you can see that it's quite easy to go from these two numbers, multiply
00:24:07these two numbers and get uh the large number, but really quite
00:24:10difficult to to go back um in reverse, and
00:24:14uh now i have - one more uh integer
00:24:18which i'd like to show you in golf and Maybe you can, you can
00:24:21factorize this into it, it's prime factors for me, what do you
00:24:25think? do you like to hazard a guess? how many digits
00:24:29are there? so this is actually a
00:24:32637 digit digital decimal
00:24:36number, i should say, which corresponds to
00:24:382048 uh binary digits and
00:24:42this is the basis of the RSA that we use
00:24:45today, and in fact it's been calculated
00:24:49that it would take the world's largest supercomputer el
00:24:52capitán, something like 100 million years
00:24:55define the the prime factors of this number. if we had a
00:24:59quantum computer on the other hand with um 4,000
00:25:02logical cubits, it could solve the same problem
00:25:06in minutes or in
00:25:07hours. that's the threat quantum
00:25:11computers pose to current security systems.
00:25:15change is
00:25:16coming.
00:25:21so when will it happen? quantum computers are still
00:25:24mostly in labs, but at the University of Oxford,
00:25:28ongoing research could significantly accelerate their
00:25:31development. Quantum computers are a completely new way of
00:25:35computing. Quantum computers represent a completely new way of
00:25:39computing, one that we know is far more powerful than
00:25:42conventional systems. Is that someone
00:25:45what
00:25:48actually a problem that produces a useful answer to
00:25:52something we didn't know before, like
00:25:55if they're using one for instance to simulate a molecule or
00:25:58superconductor. breaking encryption could still take
00:26:02about? 10 years, i think, that's what i'd say if
00:26:05i were working at an embassy and triggered a diplomatic incident,
00:26:20no question, quantum computing has the power to
00:26:24disrupt,
00:26:29that's all for now from the fascinating world of quantum physics. and
00:26:32technology, but make sure to join us again next time
00:26:36tomorrow today. See you then!
00:27:37Sarajevo is living the film again this year, N1
00:27:41Television live from the open studio every night covers the
00:27:4432nd Sarajevo Film Festival. In the square in front of the National
00:27:48Theater, we talk to the biggest film stars and authors. We bring
00:27:51you details from the red carpet, film recommendations, but also
00:27:55criticism. N1 live from the heart of Sarajevo, where the
00:27:59film magic begins. Sarajevo Film Festival on N1.
00:28:12I'm Timdar, you're watching
00:28:15N1.
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00:28:34consult a doctor or pharmacist.
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00:28:39Health doesn't wait, so neither do we.
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00:29:29International health.
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00:30:20Good day, dear viewers, follow N 1 info, news
00:30:23day.
00:30:27Miners from Breza refused to go down into the pit due to unpaid wages, and announced a
00:30:31protest in front of the headquarters of Elektroprivreda Bosnia and
00:30:33Herzegovina.
00:30:37The fight against fires in our country continues. On the ground in Bihać, all
00:30:40available forces in the area of Bosansko Grahovo are operating two air
00:30:44tractors.
00:30:47At least 17 people killed in Russian attacks across Ukraine.
00:30:51Kyiv carried out the largest drone attack on Moscow in the last two
00:30:55years.
00:30:58Fifth day of Sarajevo Film.