Google Cloud Speech-to-Text API (Chirp) + Gemini 2.5 Flash Non-Thinking. Treat it as a searchable index of what was broadcast, not a quotation record.
00:00:00to the edge of the
00:00:03ahead. Then parts of excavation. Over three months, the archaeologists uncovered a
00:00:07structure 40 meters long, 5 meters
00:00:10wide, and more than 2 meters high. It was composed
00:00:14of several layers of oak timbers fronted by dry
00:00:17to Earth. A stone wall.
00:00:21booming. Perhaps part of They initially dated it to the late middle ages or the early modern
00:00:23period. To nail down the age, several
00:00:26wood samples were sent to dendro chronology laboratory. At
00:00:30Bavaria's office for monument preservation,
00:00:33there new discoveries can be compared with tree-ring
00:00:36chronologies that have been determined for the same species from different
00:00:40regions. These records often extend back thousands
00:00:44of years. A new find's age is determined by
00:00:47matching growth ring
00:00:48patterns.
00:00:52When we first saw the samples, we felt confident we'd be able to figure
00:00:56it out. There were 140 growth rings.
00:01:00Normally that's enough to obtain a date in the early modern period, middle
00:01:03ages, whatever, but we got
00:01:06nothing.
00:01:09It was suddenly a major mystery. Then another lab
00:01:13in the neighboring state of Hessen had a hit. Aschaffenburg lies
00:01:17close to the state border. There was a
00:01:19match, but it was completely different from what anyone until
00:01:22then had expected. The timber was much older than the
00:01:26experts thought. It had been felled around 370.
00:02:00370 BC was during the early La Tène period.
00:02:04Plato was philosophizing in Athens, Rome was still a
00:02:07republic, and in central Europe the Celts were
00:02:10flourishing. No
00:02:12nothing. Inside a comparable structure from this period has yet been discovered anywhere
00:02:15else in Germany, especially not one preserved in such
00:02:18extraordinary
00:02:19condition.
00:02:23Erstaunlich ist einfach, what's truly remarkable is that this normally wouldn't have survived at
00:02:26all. The wood preservation
00:02:30We still don't know. We're missing information, is unique for this period. You can actually touch it, and it's almost 2500 years
00:02:33old. Normally you only find things like traces of timber in a
00:02:37fortification or gaps in the stone where wood once existed. Here
00:02:41you can really see it, touch it, experience it on sight. Even
00:02:45for an archaeologist, that's an absolute
00:02:47rarity. What exactly was
00:02:50it?
00:02:54like we don't know yet whether the water was right next to the wall when it was
00:02:58built or whether the river Main
00:03:08was it a harbor structure or maybe defenses? The discovery suggests the
00:03:11existence of an important Celtic settlement here, potentially
00:03:15connected to extensive trade networks that we know nothing
00:03:19about.
00:03:21You don't build something like this with few villagers. You need a town, you
00:03:25need manpower, you need engineering expertise. The timber
00:03:29construction we see was built using methods we've never encountered
00:03:32before, probably adapted to the wet conditions near the
00:03:35river. A great deal of know-how went into this.
00:03:38Those factors alone may be enough to demonstrate that we're dealing with an
00:03:42important settlement.
00:03:45What might such a population center have looked
00:03:48like? Some models try to reconstruct
00:03:51major Celtic settlements like this one in Upper Swabia around
00:03:55530 BC. Or
00:03:57this one, known as the oppidum of Gata, only
00:04:01established around 150 BC, so roughly
00:04:05200 years after the newly discovered structure on the Main
00:04:08was built.
00:04:11What Celtic Aschaffenburg looks like will probably remain a
00:04:15mystery. Too much construction has taken
00:04:19place over the centuries on the plateau above the
00:04:21Main. Only a handful of La Tène period
00:04:25finds preserved in the Abbey Museum bear witness to the
00:04:28cultural sophistication. The society that once lived
00:04:32here, it produced fine pottery along with elaborately
00:04:35crafted pieces of jewelry like this gold
00:04:38ring.
00:04:41We assume that if people there possessed and wore luxury
00:04:45items like these, then it was not
00:04:48an insignificant place by the standards of the
00:04:51time.
00:04:54The new discovery on the banks of the Main supports that
00:04:58theory. Unfortunately, construction work is waiting to
00:05:02present with analog sound is a resume. Soon the timbers will be moved.
00:05:05After nearly two and a half millennia underground, exposure to
00:05:09air is already taking a toll. Years of
00:05:13conservation work lie
00:05:16the structure are expected to go on display at
00:05:19Aschaffenburg's Abbey
00:05:21Museum.
00:05:25Spectacular archaeological discoveries are no longer
00:05:28unusual. Around the globe, the field is
00:05:33the appeal is what these discoveries offer, a glimpse into worlds
00:05:37that feel very different from our own.
00:05:40Immersing yourself in the past helps filter out noise from the
00:05:43present like wars, climate change, or
00:05:47the AI revolution.
00:05:50Looking back to times when everything was wonderfully analogue can be
00:05:53strangely comforting. The fascination even has a name:
00:05:57retromania.
00:06:00A photographer's dream, a mysterious roll of film has
00:06:03surfaced. The possibilities are endless. A
00:06:07friend gave me this roll to develop a little while ago. He found it in his
00:06:11grandmother's house. She passed away last year, and he has
00:06:14absolutely no idea what's on it. Neither do
00:06:17we.
00:06:19Photographer Mila Latinov is going to develop the roll today.
00:06:23Will the images be masterpieces or irreplaceable memories? Every
00:06:27step she takes has consequences.
00:06:31Anything can go wrong. You really do get just one shot at it.
00:06:34If you mix up the chemicals or expose the film to light, all the images will
00:06:38be gone. I'm actually a little nervous.
00:07:12Can't do better. Many young people have started going to the movies more
00:07:16often, and DVDs are back
00:07:18in. Hi, I'm Diger. So
00:07:22some of the stuff that I picked are just films that bring up
00:07:25memories.
00:07:31If DVDs disappear one day, I'll be the saddest person on the
00:07:34planet.
00:07:40This iPod goes with this vintage speaker. Was my dad's 50 years
00:07:43ago.
00:07:46Secondhand iPods can now fetch up to 500 euros, and young
00:07:49adults are buying vinyl. Around 5
00:07:53million records are sold in Germany annually, more than any point
00:07:57in the last 20 years. Places like
00:07:59Spin, Munich's first listening bar, are emerging in
00:08:03major cities. Its owners painstakingly sourced vintage
00:08:06hi-fi systems. Everything is analogue: the
00:08:10amplifiers, the speakers, the turntables, and
00:09:12in a digitalized world. It's Spin. The evening has just
00:09:16begun. Old records, old sound systems, and a fundamental
00:09:20question. Why do we abandon so
00:09:22much?
00:09:25It became the norm in modern society to buy new cars, new
00:09:29furniture, and other things, and throw the old stuff away.
00:09:33This powerful urge to keep moving forward also
00:09:35involves embracing the idea of progress and with it a
00:09:39certain faith in technology.
00:09:42But over time people realized that many of the promises
00:09:46attached to technology simply haven't been
00:09:48fulfilled.
00:09:52People have stopped trusting a tech world controlled by a handful of
00:09:56companies, and that has had profound consequences. Social
00:09:59media affects mental health, planned obsolescence means
00:10:03devices break faster. Promises that the
00:10:06latest technology would make us both more connected and more free have
00:10:10not really materialized.
00:10:27We are living in a culture that wants to quantify,
00:10:30commodify, and measure everything. But human
00:10:33life and the meaning in human life is not just about convenience
00:10:37and not just about measurement and quantification and profit.
00:10:41And again, from this point of view, something like an
00:10:44analog record as a symbol of slow culture, it can be
00:10:48a symbol of potential resisting of those tendencies,
00:10:51right? A counterweight to the digital.
00:10:55Here the air smells of chemicals and dust, of experiences
00:10:59and time. I need to concentrate. This is the second
00:11:03chemical. The first was the developer. Now comes the
00:11:05fixer. The film is placed inside a
00:11:09developing tank filled with chemicals and gently agitated.
00:11:12Every step has to be timed to the second. Analog
00:11:16media promises a more direct connection to
00:11:19emotions, a more intense experience of
00:11:22art. Something unique.
00:11:55Comforting. The feeling is universal. It rolls
00:11:58through pop culture in waves. For the last
00:12:01decade and a half, critics have accused culture of suffering from
00:12:05retromania, a lack of innovation, where everything seems to
00:12:09be recycling the past.
00:12:12Remixes aside, at what point does longing for the past become
00:12:16a problem? When politicians instrumentalize
00:12:19historical myths to reach specific goals, or
00:12:22invoke tradition to justify their decision.
00:14:25Analog media to the past, but is the past
00:14:28really behind us? Perhaps that's what analog media
00:14:31promises.
00:14:35Can nostalgia give us a useful perspective for the
00:14:36future?
00:14:40I think we need to critically question the past, but also be able to say,
00:14:43hey, there were good things too, or if we had done
00:14:46things differently, we might have had a better outcome. Und dann
00:14:50besser ausgehen
00:14:51können.
00:14:55Even so, it's up to all of us, especially at the
00:14:58societal level, to prevent that outcome and to get
00:15:01involved early enough, collectively and in
00:15:04solidarity.
00:15:06And we can learn from the past when people were able to collectively
00:15:10bring about change through social and political
00:15:13movements.
00:15:17At Spin, time's different layers seem to
00:15:19merge. Focused listening, analogue warmth, and the
00:15:22perfect Instagram shot. Being fully
00:15:27reminder that looking back isn't always about escaping the
00:15:31here and
00:15:32now.
00:15:35Whether we want it or not, the... is coming, and it's not all
00:15:39bad. Early 2027, the European
00:15:42Space Agency is planning to launch a mission with an ambitious
00:15:46goal: to find the ultimate getaway destination,
00:15:50a planet that's similar
00:15:55distant star, thousands of light-years away, with planets
00:15:59in orbit around it. We're the
00:16:02first generation to know there are planets orbiting other
00:16:04stars.
00:17:07intensity and how that intensity changes over time. When a
00:17:11planet passes in front of its star during its orbit, light intensity
00:17:15drops. From that we can infer the planet's mass, radius,
00:17:18and orbital
00:17:19characteristics.
00:17:22is designed to detect rocky planets like
00:17:25Earth.
00:17:27We've so far cataloged nearly 70 planets.
00:17:31Most of them, however, are gas giants like
00:17:34Jupiter. Only a little over 100 of them are
00:17:37small planets for which we have reliable density
00:17:40measurements. So when it comes to small planets, there are still
00:17:43huge gaps in our knowledge. In other words, we still know almost
00:17:49clean room at ESA's facility in the Netherlands,
00:17:53engineers and scientists tested the spacecraft built in
00:17:56Bremen and Oberpfaffenhofen.
00:17:58Development and construction took more than 10 years. For
00:18:02everyone involved, the upcoming launch will be a special
00:18:06moment.
00:18:37now 3 kW or 300 watts. And for this reason we have
00:18:41the sun shield and solar arrays, so we are talking about a structure that
00:18:45is folded. We launch it folded, but it will open in space,
00:18:48and we are talking about 9 meters from one point to another. We need all the
00:18:52surface in order to fulfill the requirements and power of the
00:18:55spacecraft. The greatest technical challenge was the
00:18:58optical bench. It carries the 26 cameras that
00:19:02will simultaneously observe thousands of stars. Wir müssen
00:19:06aufpassen, dass We have to ensure the telescopes and
00:19:10cameras aren't looking directly at the sun. That's why we have the
00:19:13sun shield at the back. We always have to
00:19:16fly in such a way that the sun shield blocks the
00:19:18sun.
00:19:22From space, will measure the effect planets have when
00:19:26they pass in front of their stars. The more their
00:19:29starlight dims, the larger the
00:19:31planets.
00:19:37international observing campaign involving major telescopes
00:19:40around the world, particularly the European observatories
00:19:44in Chile, including those of the European Southern
00:19:47Observatory, we want to mobilize these
00:19:50facilities. The team is proud of this
00:19:53European mission. More than 200 companies have
00:19:57contributed to it over the course of a decade, and a
00:20:00European rocket, the Ariane 6, will carry the
00:20:04space telescope into orbit. Ich hoffe wirklich,
00:20:07really hope we find an Earth-like planet where we can say, yes,
00:20:11liquid water could exist there, and therefore there's also the
00:20:15possibility of life.
00:20:18observations will be used to create a catalogue of as many Earth-like
00:20:22planets as possible. If
00:20:24every second star has an Earth-like planet, then we believe we'll find
00:20:28one, but I want to emphasize that we simply don't know, there's no
00:20:31reliable estimate of how many such planets actually
00:20:34exist. We have talk a lot of Gaia, James Webb,
00:20:38hope that also Plato will be also in the same constellation that the people will
00:20:42see really, okay, ah, we have detected another Earth-like. We are
00:20:46quite sure that it is there. Early 2027,
00:20:50Plato will be launched into space to begin its
00:20:53search.
00:20:56That's all this time around from the world of science, technology
00:21:00and history. But we hope to see you again soon tomorrow,
00:21:03today. Bye for now!
00:21:30Dance beyond the boundaries of ballet, soloist
00:21:33Liroy Mogatle interprets male
00:21:36and female roles with equal ease.
00:21:38Pioneer women, cooks from Lyon who helped
00:21:42shape French
00:21:43gastronomy.
00:21:46Living faith, what does the daily life of a young Muslim woman in
00:21:49Bosnia and Herzegovina look like? All this and much more
00:21:53in today's Euromax.
00:22:09Expressive and provocative dance brought Liroy
00:22:13Mogatle international recognition. However, her
00:22:16performances in male and female roles within
00:22:19classical ballet attract
00:22:21special attention.
00:22:24Meet Liroy Mogatle, an award-winning ballerina
00:22:28who challenges established ballet norms. Known
00:22:31as someone who pushes boundaries, Liroy, who
00:22:34prefers the pronoun she, today interprets classical
00:22:38female roles on pointe. I have always been
00:22:41drawn to the more feminine side. It felt much
00:22:44more natural to me than trying to be masculine and pretending
00:22:48to be something I am not.
00:22:55That's not me. Behind the scenes of the Berlin State Ballet, just a few
00:22:59moments before her performance in A Midsummer Night's Dream, she remains calm
00:23:03and doesn't let stage fright overwhelm her.
00:23:07Liroy Mogatle shines as the energetic Puck in the acclaimed
00:23:10production of A Midsummer
00:23:12Night's Dream.
00:23:15Her interpretation of this role shows how classical
00:23:19ballet is changing.
00:23:22Liroy is a talented artist who inspires many, including
00:23:25me, every day. She teaches me to think outside
00:23:28the box.
00:23:29But
00:23:38the path to that was
00:23:39long.
00:23:44I didn't want to rush. First, I had to earn respect and
00:23:47enough self-confidence to appear.
00:23:52That's why I'm glad that everything happened
00:23:54gradually.
00:24:02On stage, she enchants the audience as a charismatic
00:24:04soloist.
00:24:07So far, the reactions have been extremely
00:24:08positive.
00:24:15It's 10 o'clock in the morning. It's time for
00:24:17practice.
00:24:20Assigned male at birth in South Africa, she fell in love with classical ballet
00:24:23as a child. Despite the prejudices she
00:24:27faced, she continued to follow her passion.
00:24:30I don't think I gave them any room to criticize
00:24:34me, or to judge. Liroy made it to
00:24:37major European ballet companies, where she began her international
00:24:41career.
00:24:42After working in Lausanne and
00:24:46Zurich, together with the artistic director of the Staatsballett,
00:24:50Christian Spuck, she moved to Berlin. Christian
00:24:53is what I would call my savior. He was the only
00:24:56person I could approach with complete ease
00:25:00at the time.
00:25:01I don't
00:25:07want Liroy to be presented as an attraction.
00:25:10I want her to be recognized as an artist, that's
00:25:13the most important thing.
00:25:17Liroy has become a prominent voice in the transgender community in the world
00:25:20of ballet.
00:25:23For her and her female colleagues on stage, dancing in a ballet dress
00:25:26is nothing unusual. But how do
00:25:29her colleagues see the future of ballet?
00:25:33It's about inclusion and accepting people for what
00:25:36they can offer, not for the body they were born with. Whether
00:25:40we are talking about skin color or gender, it is important to create
00:25:44an environment where they will feel comfortable and
00:25:47accepted.
00:25:54Today she lives in Berlin. She left her native South Africa many
00:25:57years ago. Does she miss
00:25:59it?
00:26:01Currently, we are working on a project to perform in our homeland. We want
00:26:05to reconnect with the audience
00:26:07there.
00:26:12Nevertheless, she found a new home in Berlin, both in the ballet company
00:26:15and in the city
00:26:16itself.
00:26:21I think it's best for me to be here because of the transgender and
00:26:24non-binary community.
00:26:27I feel very accepted, and honestly, I don't
00:26:30plan to move anytime soon. Liroy has found her place in
00:26:34Berlin, but peace with herself,
00:26:37despite all obstacles, she wants people to see her for who
00:26:41she is, as a dedicated
00:26:43artist. She would like to be more involved
00:26:47and become a kind of activist.
00:26:50I want to raise awareness and open up space for dialogue, especially in
00:26:54the art world, from the perspective of people of color
00:26:58and transgender
00:26:59women.
00:27:05Living her dream, Liroy Mogatle opens doors for
00:27:08others, not just in the world
00:27:10of ballet.
00:27:13Perhaps you've heard of Paul Bocuse, the legendary
00:27:16French chef, but it's very likely you've never heard
00:27:20of the Mères Lyonnaises. Yet, without these exceptional women, French
00:27:24cuisine today might look completely
00:27:26different. Did women actually lay the foundations of French
00:27:30cuisine, and why is Paul Bocuse considered the best chef in
00:27:34the world when his mentor had as many as six Michelin
00:27:38stars? We went to Lyon, rightly considered
00:27:41the capital of French gastronomy, to find
00:27:44the answers. French cuisine is considered one of the most refined
00:27:48and innovative in the world. Its reputation, among other things, is owed to
00:27:51a group of female chefs known as the Mères Lyonnaises, or
00:27:55mothers of Lyon. But today, few people know about
00:27:58them.
00:28:01I don't really remember. I think they were cooks who
00:28:04prepared food as if
00:28:06at home.
00:28:09You only know about the Mères Lyonnaises if you're from Lyon and if you're interested
00:28:12in local
00:28:13culture.
00:28:17Here in this bouchon, as traditional restaurants in
00:28:21Lyon are called, women have been cooking since
00:28:221937.
00:28:25The recipes haven't changed. The menu features hearty dishes
00:28:29like pike dumplings and baked chicken liver.
00:28:34Chef Fatima Zerouki learned to prepare them from her mother,
00:28:37Igon.
00:28:41She taught me everything. These are very complex recipes for dishes
00:28:45that simmer all day in huge pots. I wrote everything down
00:28:48on scraps of paper. Now I know it by heart. She had a strong
00:28:51character, which you absolutely need in a bouchon.
00:28:54The golden age of the Mères Lyonnaises began
00:28:57during the economic
00:28:58crisis.
00:29:02women from villages around Lyon, wealthy
00:29:05households hired them to cook for the entire
00:29:08family. When the Great Depression broke out
00:29:11in 1929, many suddenly
00:29:14lost their jobs. Most decided to open their own
00:29:18establishments and do what they knew best,
00:29:20cooking. This gave rise to an entire generation of female chefs
00:29:24who began to cook publicly. For guests, instead
00:29:27of privately.
00:29:32Known for their warmth and strong
00:29:34will,
00:29:38this created a special atmosphere. Most had
00:29:41strong personalities and were impressive individuals. Guests
00:29:44came as much for their food as for them
00:29:48personally.
00:29:50At Igon's restaurant, you get the feeling that time has stopped,
00:29:54even though Mother Igon retired in 2023.
00:29:57Now Fatima runs the small kitchen while Paola Rosha
00:30:01in...
00:30:10I enjoy this liveliness, in dishes that haven't changed
00:30:13in years, and a woman full of energy. For me, that's
00:30:16the essence of these Lyonnaise establishments. When
00:30:20we come here to eat, we skip breakfast, but we are
00:30:23French, so we always enjoy
00:30:26our meal.
00:30:28A few hundred meters away, in 2007,
00:30:32the restaurant "Le Bouchon de Filles" is run by two women. The name
00:30:36means "Girls'
00:30:37Restaurant".
00:30:41The Mères Lyonnaises passed on the Lyonnaise way of cooking that
00:30:44we grew up with. Without them, this whole cuisine would be
00:30:47different. We try to continue that tradition in our
00:30:51own way, but we learned the basics from
00:30:53them.
00:30:57Their restaurant is full every evening.