Google Cloud Speech-to-Text API (Chirp) + Gemini 2.5 Flash Non-Thinking. Treat it as a searchable index of what was broadcast, not a quotation record.
00:00:01No endless scrolling, no mindless violence,
00:00:05no porn. In late 2025, Australia
00:00:08introduced the world's first age limit for social media. If you're
00:00:12under 16, the likes of Instagram, YouTube and TikTok
00:00:15are off limits, but more than 80% of teenagers still
00:00:19industry, but as more of use them, thanks also to the platforms making it child's play to circumvent the
00:00:23ban.
00:00:26It's hardly difficult when the age check is just one question: Are
00:00:30you over 16? Yes or
00:00:32no?
00:00:36However old you are, welcome to DW Science Show. Tomorrow
00:00:40today.
00:00:46A few hand gestures and
00:00:49analyzes the data for every lap of moments later you know whether someone is over or under 18.
00:00:52The French startup Needmand launched the Borderage Service in December
00:00:562025.
00:01:15Fungi. They come in or hostile, or how to get rid of
00:01:41Drist benchrun and his team began researching this age
00:01:44estimation method nine years ago. The
00:01:47product was commercialized only recently and according to the company
00:01:51is now 99% accurate. We have customers in
00:01:56It's the most important test of three sectors: social media, adult websites and dating
00:01:59platforms. and we're in contact with Google, TikTok and
00:02:02Meta.
00:02:05Niedeman's system is currently calibrated for age
00:02:0718. The startup also plans to adapt the product to the
00:02:11thresholds of 15 and
00:02:1316.
00:02:16What makes the method appealing is that users do not have to disclose
00:02:19personal
00:02:20data.
00:02:24The idea is fundamentally interesting. The idea is interesting because other age
00:02:27checks require you to show your face to camera.
00:03:00It's difficult to judge from outside. Manufacturers
00:03:03usually make more optimistic claims than systems like this deliver in
00:03:06real life, the reality of the system
00:03:10makes.
00:03:13The team is pressing forward. It hopes to license another product that
00:03:17alongside hand movement checks is intended to provide 100%
00:03:21certainty in borderline
00:03:22cases.
00:03:27Research is in our company's DNA. And we want to
00:03:30go further. We want to prove to the world that solutions
00:03:34exist for completely anonymous age
00:03:36verification,
00:03:39and I deliberately say solutions in the
00:03:42The prototype generates only a plural.
00:03:45Whether Borderage will succeed remains to be seen, but it
00:03:48speaks to a growing demand for both privacy and child
00:03:51protection.
00:03:56What are Germany's inventors typically working on these days?
00:04:00Transport and engineering are strong, but it's the auto
00:04:03industry that, according to the German patent office, is the top driver of
00:04:07innovation.
00:04:11Potholes: after winter, they're everywhere. That means more
00:04:14road works and more traffic jams. Overweight
00:04:18trucks are particularly hard on
00:04:19roads.
00:04:23That's why the police carry out spot checks. Often they
00:04:26find that overloaded trucks also have brake defects.
00:04:30But this truck can inspect itself in real time. Mechanical
00:04:34engineers at Dortmund University of Applied Sciences and their partners have
00:04:38transformed it into a mobile laboratory.
00:04:42Here we monitor signals from the truck's running gear. The
00:04:46sensors are mounted beneath the trailer.
00:04:50This is the plug. This is the connector. It leads back to our data recording
00:04:54unit. So this is the sensor. Its data shows whether
00:04:57wheel loads are too high or too low. And exactly
00:05:00where current models can also detect brake defects
00:05:04campus, it drives in such as a brake failing on one side of the axle.
00:05:08on the axle, for example, a brake fails.
00:05:12fitted prototypes to five trucks now traveling across western
00:05:16Germany, but he manipulates the brakes for testing
00:05:19only on the university's own
00:05:20truck.
00:05:24This looks pretty wild. It's the brake fault simulator which
00:05:28allows us to deliberately manipulate the truck's
00:05:30brakes.
00:05:34Then it's off to the test track. The driver steers
00:05:37the truck through sudden water jets. The truck's performance
00:05:40is tested again and again.
00:05:45The sensors, the sensors I showed you earlier, record the secondary
00:05:49effects on the suspension,
00:05:51we can then analyze those effects using various modeling
00:05:54methods. The sensors beneath the trailer record
00:05:58everything and the software
00:06:01the test track, and for them it's more than just a
00:06:05job.
00:06:09Driving a truck is fun, of course, it's also a small highlight. The highlight of the
00:06:13project was doing the test drives ourselves,
00:06:16not just designing a system at a desk, installing it and
00:06:20monitoring it. Getting into the vehicle and then getting behind the wheel for the
00:06:23tests was a lot of fun. test drives, test driving,
00:06:27that was really fun. Truck
00:06:30driver Oscar Krauser is testing a prototype in western
00:06:33Germany. The sensors show exactly how the load is spread
00:06:37across the axles.
00:06:40Everything remains in the safe range.
00:06:44Previously he had to weigh his truck before and after
00:06:47loading.
00:06:52We no longer have to weigh the truck before and after because the system displays the
00:06:55weight. That saves us 10 to 20 minutes each time. By
00:06:59the end of the day that means at least one extra trip so I can transport another
00:07:03full load.
00:07:06The monitoring system can also help truck drivers avoid fines for
00:07:10overweight loads. The system
00:07:12should soon be available to interested
00:07:14buyers.
00:07:18The goal is to put it into practical use and get it onto the road,
00:07:22instead of letting the research disappear into a drawer. We're
00:07:25currently working with partners to industrialize the system by the end of
00:07:292026.
00:07:32The researchers estimate that the system will cost a few hundred
00:07:35euros.
00:07:38At any time, truck drivers could use a phone to view load
00:07:41distribution.
00:08:12Which routes need to be repaired
00:08:14first?
00:08:19Leaving the road for the field, we keep rolling with an
00:08:22AI-powered tractor that operates completely on its own without a
00:08:26driver.
00:08:29Here it is, a robot tractor programmed to
00:08:33detect and avoid any obstacle all on its own,
00:08:36but will it work?
00:08:39At the Technical University of Kaiserslautern... "The
00:08:43robot tractor is already driving safely from the barn to the
00:08:46field, at least in a computer simulation." Mechanical
00:08:50engineer Ika Gasson helped develop it. Now he and his
00:08:54colleagues are ready to test it outdoors. Over the
00:08:57past few months, Costton Barens and his team have packed the
00:09:01machine with AI systems. The goal is to build
00:09:04a tractor robot that can independently monitor, sow
00:09:08and cultivate
00:09:09crops.
00:09:12Starting from scratch, we've added things that we already
00:09:15tested on other vehicles and we also bought
00:09:19products that are already on the market. The big
00:09:22challenge is integrating all the
00:09:24subcomponents.
00:09:27The scientists at the German University have a lot of
00:09:30experience building autonomous vehicles. Much of the
00:09:34technology in this bus, for example, was developed
00:09:37here, specifically to improve safety in autonomous driving
00:09:41systems.
00:10:13During this test run on
00:10:17a loop, spotting obstacles like
00:10:20trees, lamps, buildings, uneven ground, and of
00:10:23course people.
00:11:13The data volume is overwhelming. There's all the point
00:11:16cloud data, the stereo camera data, the GPS data,
00:11:20way too much for the robot to handle directly, so we have
00:11:24to extract the essential parts, which is what the tractor uses to
00:11:27drive, in simple terms, it's what it sees and what it thinks is
00:11:31there.
00:11:34The initial test run showed the robot tractor is able to
00:11:38steer around obstacles like trees and lamp
00:11:41posts all on its own, until
00:11:44suddenly it isn't, and the team has to slam on the brakes.
00:11:47A pretty close
00:11:49call.
00:11:54The reviewed later to help the
00:11:58tractor become more autonomous. It's a
00:12:00step-by-step process of trial and
00:12:03error.
00:12:07For the next test, computer scientist Jacob will
00:12:10stand directly in the tractor's
00:12:12path.
00:12:14I programmed it, so if anyone has to suffer, it should be
00:12:17me.
00:12:21the day. This time the robot track.
00:12:43It recognizes important obstacles and buildings and that's absolutely essential, and so is the emergency stop
00:12:46system which also has to work. Without that
00:12:50you can't use it at all.
00:12:53Real-world experience is fed back into simulations,
00:12:57making the tractor more independent. In just a
00:12:59few years, it could be working the fields all on its
00:13:03own.
00:13:07What does it take to become an inventor? First, learning
00:13:10to live with failure. Inventors like Thomas Edison needed
00:13:14incredible patience and persistence, the American
00:13:16declaring that genius is 1% inspiration and
00:13:1999% perspiration.
00:13:22You also need to question existing...
00:13:29That's what Ignat Semmelweis did when he introduced hand disinfection
00:13:33before and after medical examinations.
00:13:36In 19th-century Europe, the many women dying from infections after
00:13:40childbirth had previously been seen as an unavoidable
00:13:43tragedy.
00:13:45But here's something inventors don't necessarily need: above-average
00:13:49intelligence, and what does that even mean? Our viewer
00:13:53Ormina from Peru had a question.
00:13:58How is IQ measured?
00:14:01IQ stands for intelligence quotient, but an IQ
00:14:04test doesn't actually measure how smart or educated someone
00:14:07is. The first IQ test was developed in the early 20th
00:14:11century by psychologist Alfred Binet. His goal was
00:14:15simple: he wanted to identify children who might need extra support
00:14:19in school. Today, an IQ score mainly reflects
00:14:22how well someone can solve complex problems, recognize patterns
00:14:26and process information quickly.
00:14:30There are many different kinds of IQ tests. A common
00:14:34task involves completing a sequence of words or
00:14:36numbers. Here, the goal is to spot the
00:14:40pattern and think analytically.
00:14:44Another task uses geometric shapes that must be arranged or
00:14:47completed. These tasks measure abstract
00:14:50thinking. The faster and more accurately someone solves
00:14:54them, the more points they earn. The final
00:14:57number at the end is their IQ
00:14:59score.
00:15:01Most people score somewhere around 100, but a
00:15:05score of 130 doesn't automatically make someone a genius
00:15:08and 70 doesn't mean someone's
00:15:10unintelligent. The result may point to learning
00:15:14difficulties or simply show that a person is especially strong
00:15:18at solving logic problems.
00:15:21Today IQ tests are used in job applications and in scientific
00:15:25research. They can show how well someone recognizes
00:15:28patterns, navigates spatial problems, or
00:15:32works with
00:15:32language.
00:15:36But there's a lot measure:
00:15:39creativity, social and emotional
00:15:42intelligence, or hands-on practical
00:15:45skills.
00:15:49That's why IQ tests face ongoing criticism,
00:15:52especially since many of them are based on Western academic norms
00:15:56and a single number can never
00:15:59capture who a person truly
00:16:01is.
00:16:04What are stars made of?
00:16:07What colors can butterflies see? Could
00:16:10robots have babies one day? Do you
00:16:13have a science question? Then send it to us as a video, text or
00:16:17voice message. If we answer it in the show, then we'll send you a
00:16:21little gift as a thank you, so just
00:16:24ask.
00:16:28Scientists sometimes borrow clever ideas from plants and animals
00:16:32and turn them into new inventions. That's
00:16:35exactly what researchers in Switzerland did. The result
00:16:38is a battery made from fungi that produces electricity
00:16:42and once its job is done biodegrades almost
00:16:44completely. Mushrooms and electricity. How does that
00:16:48work?
00:16:53a huge variety of species in
00:16:56almost every shape and color
00:17:00and flourish in some very unlikely
00:17:02places. Some can even generate
00:17:05electricity. Working with researchers at Empa,
00:17:09Switzerland's Material Science Institute, Carolina Rayas
00:17:12developed a fungal fuel cell or fungal battery. Getting two
00:17:16different fungi to work together took years of
00:17:19experimentation. This is breaking down nutrients
00:17:23that we give it on one side, and it
00:17:25generates charged particles called
00:17:28electrons, and this is what goes from one
00:17:32side called the anode to the other side called the
00:17:36cathode. And on the other side we have this different kind of fungus
00:17:39called white rot. The
00:17:42team spent three years developing the fungal fuel cell. It
00:17:46was a delicate balancing act.
00:17:49Fungi are living organisms and need exactly the right
00:17:52conditions: not too warm, not too
00:17:55cold, not too moist and not too
00:17:58dry.
00:18:01One of the biggest challenges was to try and make the
00:18:04electrode material and not kill the fungus
00:18:08in the mechanical process of
00:18:10mixing. The fungal cells are mixed into
00:18:13cellulose-based inks made conductive by carbon
00:18:16particles. A 3D printer then forms the two
00:18:20living electrodes at the heart of the fuel
00:18:22cell.
00:18:25Beeswax casing holds the cell
00:18:27together. Add water and nutrients and the
00:18:31dormant fungi spring into action.
00:18:34The cell now begins producing electricity. Apart from
00:18:38its removable copper contacts, it's made from biodegradable
00:18:41materials. Conventional batteries, by
00:18:44contrast, need special collection and recycling, but
00:18:48many still end up in household
00:18:50waste.
00:18:53They end up in the trash, contributing to the growing problem of electronic
00:18:57waste. This is where batteries like ours could perhaps play
00:19:01a
00:19:01part.
00:19:05One possible application is environmental
00:19:08monitoring, powering sensors that track
00:19:11temperature, soil moisture or water
00:19:14quality.
00:19:20tiny current, making it suitable only for very low
00:19:23energy
00:19:24sensors.
00:19:27Hans Joachim Nägel, of the Zurich University of Applied
00:19:31Sciences, also studies fungal
00:19:33materials. He says that for now, fungal fuel
00:19:37cells can't compete with conventional batteries or rechargeable
00:19:40cells.
00:19:43Fungal batteries are still at the basic research stage. It will take years
00:19:46before they become commercially available, but they could
00:19:49eventually be useful for environmental sensors in places
00:19:52where recovering the devices is difficult, especially if the power source
00:19:56can biodegrade after use. That would be a major
00:19:58market.
00:20:03The idea may hold promise for the
00:20:05future,
00:20:07but for this particular cell, the end has already
00:20:09begun.
00:20:12Yes, you can see this one has already,
00:20:16yeah, started to fall
00:20:18apart.
00:20:21Apart from the copper contacts, most of the fungal battery gradually
00:20:24biodegrades, leaving behind little more than a tiny lump of
00:20:28compost.
00:20:34Where can new discoveries lead? Often, even the
00:20:37scientists behind it don't know where the journey will take them.
00:20:41Open, independent research with no fixed outcome in mind has
00:20:44sparked countless
00:20:45innovations.
00:20:49But what happens when a breakthrough isn't just useful in civilian life,
00:20:52but could also be used by the
00:20:54military?
00:20:59A wind tunnel in central Germany. Researchers
00:21:02here are putting drones to the test. Drones are
00:21:05widely used in farming, conservation and
00:21:09them take to the skies, there's a growing
00:21:12problem.
00:21:15A drone doesn't just fly, it also produces electromagnetic
00:21:19interference.
00:21:28And of course drones can interfere with each other
00:21:30too, but other drones are not the only
00:21:33factor. Wind and movement also change signal
00:21:36patterns. In this wind tunnel, researchers work under
00:21:40controlled conditions. The goal is to make drones safer, but
00:21:43the research could also backfire. Deliberately disrupting
00:21:46signals can force drones to land.
00:21:50Today's security environment makes this research highly relevant, and
00:21:54I'm not just talking about Ukraine. Drones
00:21:57appear over airports and no one knows whether they're friendly, cooperative
00:22:03them.
00:22:06This is dual use: research with civilian applications that may
00:22:10also serve military or security
00:22:12purposes. Awareness has grown in recent
00:22:16years. Some researchers may have never considered these questions.
00:22:50of our free democratic order are challenging the freedom and
00:22:53independence of science. At home, the threat comes from political
00:22:56extremists. Abroad, we see risks from Russia, China and
00:23:00Iran. Even in the United States, academic freedom is under
00:23:04pressure. The security debate is also
00:23:07reshaping medical research. At Hanover Medical School, doctors
00:23:11use portable perfusion systems to transport donor organs.
00:23:15Thanks to ex-vivo perfusion, oxygenated fluid circulates through
00:23:19organs, preserved.
00:23:37An emergency almost begins to look like a planned
00:23:40operation. There's less pressure on surgical
00:23:43teams. We're no longer racing against the six-hour deadline
00:23:46to get the heart into the recipient.
00:23:51Now researchers are applying the same principles to severed
00:23:54limbs. The need is particularly stark in wartime, as
00:23:58in Ukraine, but it could also help victims of traffic
00:24:01accidents.
00:24:06There are various scenarios where a portable system would be
00:24:08valuable. Emergency teams could use it to preserve
00:24:12severed limbs during transport, including in military
00:24:15settings.
00:24:20The security landscape also brings difficult choices: science
00:24:23depends on openness and exchange, but researchers must now
00:24:27weigh the benefits against the risks of misuse and espionage.
00:24:30Drone researchers face the same dilemma. From
00:24:34my experience, all these, in my
00:24:37experience, crises and conflicts disrupt basic research
00:24:40first. They change the conditions for long-term planning
00:24:44and redirect funding, because new priorities have to be paid
00:24:47for. Most of all, they make.
00:25:22Research is seeking a new balance between innovation, openness and
00:25:26responsibility. International cooperation must continue in a
00:25:30world that's become much harder to
00:25:31navigate.
00:25:35Now it's your turn to get inventive. Who knows what
00:25:38you'll come up with? We might just make our next story about
00:25:42you. Thanks for watching. Don't forget to keep your eyes
00:25:46open and see you next time tomorrow, today.
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