Google Cloud Speech-to-Text API (Chirp) + Gemini 2.5 Flash Non-Thinking. Treat it as a searchable index of what was broadcast, not a quotation record.
00:00:00their liquid national gas natural gas is imported from
00:00:04Russia, uh, and they also have
00:00:08Russian ownership of their major energy company.
00:00:11Those those issues need to be addressed, and if confirmed, I
00:00:15will certainly continue to urge that NIS
00:00:19be there be a change in ownership and
00:00:22control from Russian ownership and control to something else, which is under
00:00:26negotiation as I understand it. Uh, in addition, I think looking
00:00:30at completion of pipelines uh from the West that allow
00:00:34them to get energy sources become very important in terms of their
00:00:38capacity to engage the
00:00:41West
00:00:44and advance all of uh to the exclusion on occasion of Russia and
00:00:47other countries with
00:00:50a more complicated question than a somewhat less honorable ambitions for
00:00:53Serbia. Ms.
00:00:58of lot of things. But in Neshut, um, as you've already seen today, this committee is
00:01:02really concerned, really interested in how
00:01:05we achieve um, how we bolster our national security
00:01:09on matters related to uh the
00:01:12Arctic. Uh, we face a lot of vulnerabilities in that
00:01:16area, and I know you know more about this
00:01:19area than almost any anybody I know.
00:01:23Um, what can you tell us just sort of about your strategy on this? I've introduced a bill
00:01:26to try to address our efforts there, but uh
00:01:32tell us what you know
00:01:34the the business interests of about how our foreign adversaries, within the realm of what
00:01:37you can talk about in a non-classified environment, but how are our
00:01:40adversaries may be exploiting vulnerabilities
00:01:43going to make your job very, very hard. Let me in the Arctic, U.S. vulnerability cities? Yeah,
00:01:47thank you, Senator. Uh, it's it's something that I think is is
00:01:51quite the highest priority when it comes to our national security is is
00:01:54understanding the threat environment that is up there, the lack of
00:01:57domain awareness, ensuring that our U.S. card has the capabilities,
00:02:01our Navy. I think we're all aware we have a shortage of icebreakers. We
00:02:05do have ice ice pact
00:02:07to um build a agreement, hopefully that will help with the expansion thanks to President Trump's uh advocacy
00:02:11there. Uh working with uh Canada and Finland to help
00:02:15um expand our icebreaker fleet. I believe right now we only
00:02:18have one actual heavy icebreaker
00:02:21ship, um which is quite
00:02:24old, and uh we have maybe two medium icebreakers and that's about
00:02:27it. So there's there's quite a bit just from a shipping standpoint and having
00:02:31having that capability. The concern as I said earlier with
00:02:35increased shipping traffic with Russia and China, my concern
00:02:38is, China tends to have these quote unquote research stations up in the high
00:02:42north. Um, a lot of it is with dual use purpose. Uh, I
00:02:46myself have visited up in the high north and seen
00:02:49firsthand these these so-called research stations being unplugged, and what does that
00:02:53really mean? Right? Um, so and then also just
00:02:56seeing a lot of ships up there including illegal
00:03:00fishing that's taking place and what does that really mean when they're supposed to also be scientific
00:03:04research? So understanding
00:03:06state, but again they do consider themselves in that that dynamic, taking stock in inventory of what we do have up
00:03:09in the high north, expanding maybe some of the military exercises that we have and
00:03:13working with our Arctic partners and including NATO of
00:03:17course will will certainly be part of that uh dynamic. I
00:03:20mentioned even a space component and being able to have the sensor
00:03:24the sensors, the radars that that are appropriate up there and
00:03:29open source reporting of working closely with NORAD and Northcom as well. Thank you so much.
00:03:32See my time's expired. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Thank you,
00:03:35Senator Lee, and thank you for not engaging in discussion about the
00:03:38footnotes in those Supreme Court cases that you're so familiar. Hey, we can go there if you want to.
00:03:42Not we don't. Senator Murphy, uh, thank you very much,
00:03:46Mr. Chairman. Thank you to uh everyone on the panel for your willingness
00:03:50to serve the country and to your family's willingness to
00:03:53serve. Um, Mr. Young, last year uh Donald
00:03:56Trump Junior made two um pretty high
00:04:00profile visits to Serbia. In at least one of them he met with
00:04:03Vucic uh and business leaders. And then in
00:04:07April of this year, an even more extraordinary visit. Uh,
00:04:10he went to the Republica Srpska, and it was widely
00:04:14covered um as um implicit
00:04:17endorsement of Dodik by the President's
00:04:21family. Um, we now know that at that exact same moment
00:04:24when the President was going, when the
00:04:27President's son was going to the Republic of Srpska, a Russian
00:04:30ally, um, very close associate of Vladimir
00:04:34Putin was paying
00:04:37for Donald Trump Jr.'s wedding. Um,
00:04:40and you were going to be in a country that
00:04:43apparently um, is of great interest to the President's
00:04:47family. What do you know about
00:04:50the President's son's visit to Republica Srpska? Why
00:04:54did he go, um, and what was the message he was
00:04:57delivering when he was there, because it was covered as
00:05:01an official act of the federal of the
00:05:05U.S. government. It was of great interest in the region when
00:05:09Um, one of he was there. Uh, Senator Murphy, thank you for that.
00:05:13uh question, I will have two levels
00:05:17of answers for that. One is that
00:05:20uh, as I have seen in the newspapers, which
00:05:24is my only level of understanding of this, is that there
00:05:26is interest in financial
00:05:30investment on the part of his companies
00:05:32in Serbia, and those are of
00:05:36course decisions for
00:05:38Serbia and the private sector to make. If confirmed, I will
00:05:42certainly look carefully at what kinds of
00:05:45representations we are making, by what kind of activities
00:05:48occur across the board, to ensure that we try
00:05:52to speak with a single voice
00:05:56the particular activities that are
00:05:59designed to help advance our relationship with Serbia in
00:06:03ways that make the United States safer, more secure. But in
00:06:07preparation for this hearing or for this job, have you
00:06:09asked the White House or the State Department, what the
00:06:12nature of those visits were? That seems to be
00:06:16immediately relevant to you in this new post. Have you
00:06:19asked those questions? Uh, the Senator, I have
00:06:23asked those questions and, but I am not, I am not
00:06:26in a position, having not been confirmed to be able
00:06:30to have the depth of more confidential
00:06:33information about that, and what they have, what I've been briefed
00:06:37on really reflects essentially what it's in the
00:06:40newspapers. Yeah, this is, this is an extraordinary moment
00:06:43when um
00:06:46the family um do intersect with the
00:06:50national security interests of the country. Um, and I think it's
00:06:56ask both you and General Johnson, a
00:06:59related question. The President's family has a lot of business
00:07:02interests in the region. You referenced that Donald Trump
00:07:06Jr. seems to uh be interested in building
00:07:09properties there. The President's son-in-law, maybe the most
00:07:13important diplomat these days representing the United States, Jared
00:07:16Kushner is proposing
00:07:20resort in Albania, and in fact it has become so
00:07:23controversial that um an American ally,
00:07:26the leader of that country, his political survival is
00:07:30threatened because of this
00:07:32project. Um, this is a pretty simple
00:07:35question, if the White House were to come
00:07:39to either of you, um and ask for help from the
00:07:43embassy a
00:07:45financial project important to the family,
00:07:49what would your response
00:07:52be? Um, first ask you, General Johnson, and
00:07:55then um to you Mr. Young. And I don't think
00:07:58these are out of the realm of possibility hypotheticals
00:08:02given how many important business interests the family has in
00:08:06this particular region.
00:08:08Good morning, Senator Murphy, thank you. I don't
00:08:12the President would actually ask me to help him
00:08:15with financial deals for his family first and
00:08:19foremost. And if he did, I think I
00:08:22would refer back to main state in order to get
00:08:26clarification.
00:08:28Well, what if the State Department said, we'd like you to help the President or
00:08:32the President's family a business
00:08:35deal? I don't believe that it'll ever occur. Do
00:08:39you believe it's appropriate for an embassy to be
00:08:42helping the President of the United States
00:08:46a personal family financial A first of
00:08:50all, Senator, it is the job of the embassy to
00:08:54help promote U.S. economic
00:08:57interests in those countries. Well, whether or not it's the
00:09:00President's, mean it's a different
00:09:03story. I understand where you're coming from. So you think it might be appropriate
00:09:06for an embassy? I did not say that, Senator. So is it or is it
00:09:10not?
00:09:14If they ask me if you want to promote
00:09:17economic development in Bosnia and Herzegovina, I
00:09:20welcome all Americans to come to Bosnia and Herzegovina
00:09:24to be able to promote even if it's the President's family interest. Um,
00:09:28Mr. Young, is it appropriate for an embassy
00:09:30to be trying to push a
00:09:33personal project of the President's
00:09:36family? Uh, Senator Murphy, it
00:09:39is, I believe, part of the job
00:09:42of an ambassador to try and urge the country to create an
00:09:46environment that levels the playing field so that American companies
00:09:50and American interest can compete fairly and freely and if they
00:09:54do they will win. But just answer the question. I mean this is not for you, especially.
00:09:58This is not inconceivable. I mean, the President's son has
00:10:01active Trump family projects
00:10:05um in Serbia today. It is not inconceivable that you will be asked
00:10:08to advocate on behalf of those projects. Do you think it's
00:10:13for you to advocate on behalf of projects that put money
00:10:16in the pocket of the President
00:10:18of the United States?
00:10:21Senator, I think it is the obligation of Ambassador to uh
00:10:25urge a country to
00:10:28consider all opportunities. Guys, the answer
00:10:31is no. The answer is no. It is not
00:10:34appropriate for an ambassador to
00:10:37advocate on behalf of projects that will enrich the President
00:10:41or his family. That's an easy answer. The answer is
00:10:45no. Thank you, Mr.
00:10:47Chairman.
00:10:49Uh, well, thank you, Senator Murphy. I think
00:10:53the the question's a whole lot more complicated than what you've put in front of them. I
00:10:57think uh obviously legal advice would be important in that regard.
00:11:01Ethics advice would be important in that regard. And I have every
00:11:04confidence that these people would seek such
00:11:07advice and follow that advice that were was given to
00:11:11them. So I I think it's
00:11:15simple yes or no. It would depend upon the circumstances of each
00:11:18case. It would depend upon a lot
00:11:23any event um thank you uh for your answers on that.
00:11:27And uh it I think what Senator Murphy just laid out is
00:11:30a uh good example of the kind of complicated questions
00:11:34and difficult choices that uh ambassadors have to make when you're when you're
00:11:38out in the field. But uh being the United States of America, we have
00:11:42uh lanes and pathways for those decisions to
00:11:45to be vetted and then uh decisions to be made. So thank
00:11:49you. Thank you for your service. Senator Hagerty.
00:11:52Welcome. Good to be back, Mr. Chairman. Thank you. Thank you for calling
00:11:55me. Um, and congratulations to all of you and thank you for your
00:11:59willingness to serve the greatest nation in the world uh as diplomats. Uh your
00:12:03charge is going to be significant. I'd like to start with you, Dr. Neshwat, if I might.
00:12:07Um, I'd like to talk to you about the importance of the Arctic
00:12:10for America's security and economic concerns. Um
00:12:14I think conventional wisdom in many foreign policy zones would say that this is
00:12:18really a European or a NATO issue. But I learned
00:12:21in my time serving as Ambassador to Japan that China is posing
00:12:25threats, not only in that region, but considerable threats
00:12:29and concerns around the world. And I'd just like to get
00:12:31your perspective on how you see the national security
00:12:35aspects, the economic security aspects of the region, particularly if you could focus on
00:12:39China. Thank you, Senator Hagerty. Um, yes,
00:12:42it's it's a very important question. It it certainly does go beyond beyond
00:12:46Europe. Um, when we think about the Indo-Pacific region, there's there's also
00:12:49a Pacific side of of the Arctic. And we have to consider those those
00:12:53aspects when you think about partners and allies like Japan,
00:12:56Korea, Singapore, they are
00:12:59Arctic observer states and they all have also
00:13:03have taken the investment opportunity to look at
00:13:06economic security. In fact, I think Japan is now building its second
00:13:10icebreaker, so they're all very concerned, especially when it comes to
00:13:13choke points as they're looking at shipping lanes as well where they can do
00:13:17their trading and shipping um all together. But um again,
00:13:21I I would say that the biggest concern would certainly be China.
00:13:25Once again, which again, we all think I know that it is not an Arctic
00:13:31a near-Arctic state. They have what's called a Polar Silk
00:13:34Road that they created a number of years ago,
00:13:38basically looking to have this dual use
00:13:41technology that that's out there, which I think is of
00:13:44great concern. And again, the
00:13:48concern will also be what are they doing with China? In
00:13:51fact, there's been reports,
00:13:54these Russia patrols in the
00:13:57region that that have extended even through the Alaska waters. So
00:14:01there is there is some concern in in that region as well too. So I think it's going to be
00:14:05very important. I believe there's even discussion of having a trilateral
00:14:09with U.S., Japan, and and Korea on on Arctic issues. So I
00:14:12look forward, if confirmed, to work with them as well. I
00:14:15I certainly applaud the
00:14:18trilateral exercise you're talking about, because I think the more that we can do with
00:14:21Japan, South Korea, and other nations in the region to what is a
00:14:25very common concern. Uh, I think that's very important. And thank you for
00:14:28highlighting the Indo-Pacific aspect of
00:14:31our concerns in the Arctic. As I think about what the Trump
00:14:35administration has done in terms of anticipating and understanding this
00:14:39issue, they've entered a significant deal with Finland to make ice
00:14:42icebreakers. And in fact, I think seven of the 11
00:14:46icebreakers are going to be built here in U.S. shipyards. But it's a
00:14:49critical move, I think, in terms of creating
00:14:53industrial base and the strength to to be present in that
00:14:56region. Um, going back to the China-Russia cooperation
00:15:00though, um, how does the icebreaker deal
00:15:03impact uh, how they may look at the region and how we should be
00:15:07posturing ourselves? Thank you, Senator. That's a great question.
00:15:11Um, as I was saying earlier, we we're certainly behind the curve here
00:15:15as Russia continues to militarize the region. They
00:15:18have over a dozen now icebreakers. Uh,
00:15:21China also is is relying on some of that capital as well in the to the Northern
00:15:25Sea Route. So it will be very important. This ice pact deal
00:15:29and the expansion of it will help us have the capabilities as opposed to
00:15:33waiting over a decade to build icebreaker. This will hopefully
00:15:36expedite that with partnership of of Finland and
00:15:39as well as the support of Canada. So I I'm always curious
00:15:43how a title like Ambassador at Large fits into the State Department or
00:15:46chart. My experience with the organization, it can be
00:15:49complicated. But I I would appreciate to the extent you
00:15:53have visibility on that, how will you fit into the organization chart and how will you get the support
00:15:56you need, because you're going to touch many domains here with your
00:15:59responsibility? I I'd like to just get your commentary on on the organizational
00:16:03aspects of this. Thank you, Senator. I believe according to the statute
00:16:07and of this position, I would report to the Secretary through
00:16:10the Under Secretary of Political Affairs, P is the
00:16:14acronym. But this this will probably be housed
00:16:17in from what I understand the EUR Bureau, the European Bureau.
00:16:21However, that being said, it'll be critical to work with
00:16:24other bureaus such as the East Asia Pacific
00:16:26Bureau,
00:16:29the Western Hemisphere Bureau, emerging threats. I mean, it's pretty much
00:16:33all encompassing throughout the State Department. Having worked there, I kind of
00:16:36understand the dynamic of of of how the the regional bureaus and the
00:16:40functional bureaus work. So it'll be extremely important to be able to
00:16:43channel through and coordinate with each and every one of these bureaus. Well, you've identified the
00:16:47concern very well, and that is tucked in a way, tucked into a regional bureau
00:16:51with such broad responsibilities that would cut across many. You're
00:16:54certainly the right person for the job to figure out how that
00:16:57makes to make that happen, to make it work within the construct of the current
00:17:01system. Uh, Mr. Chairman, I just want to thank ranking membership. Thank
00:17:05and congratulate all of the nominees here for being present today and wish you
00:17:08all the very best as you navigate this process. Thank
00:17:11you. Thank you uh Senator Hagerty. And for those of you
00:17:15who didn't know Senator Hagerty had the opportunity to sit right where you're sitting uh
00:17:18some years back uh before he went to Japan. He was an Ambassador to
00:17:22Japan.
00:17:27That's why he's so easy on you guys. Sat there. In any
00:17:30event, um, uh did a fantastic job for us in
00:17:33Japan, and uh and I really appreciate it. Uh, so with that,
00:17:37Senator Shaheen has already announced a second round as she ordinarily
00:17:41does. So to my good friend and colleague Senator Shaheen, I will
00:17:45yield. I only do I only do it when I have additional
00:17:48questions. By the way, I think all those remarks were made
00:17:52were uh particularly
00:17:54appropriate about missing your expertise uh in the
00:17:58Balkans. I know you spent a good share, good share of your
00:18:01career. So Shaheen and I came in at the same time and we
00:18:05kind of had as frequently happens, we have
00:18:09interests that are a little different, and she's been focused on that and
00:18:13there, and and it doesn't get the attention that it needs. So we are going to miss
00:18:16your expertise in that regard. So Senator
00:18:19Shaheen. Well, thank you very much, Mr. Chairman. And I I do
00:18:23have some more questions for Mr. Johnson, but
00:18:26um, I want to ask Miss Neswa first about
00:18:30her, um, views on Arctic
00:18:33Security, and I think it's very important that we have
00:18:38um someone in the position that you've been nominated for given the
00:18:41challenges that we're facing in the Arctic. And as I'm sure you're
00:18:45aware earlier this year, Secretary Blinken reiterated the
00:18:49importance of strong engagement with NATO's seven Arctic
00:18:53countries. And yet um,
00:18:56earlier, well, in May, Senator
00:18:59Murkowski and I led an all-female delegation
00:19:02to the Arctic. We visited
00:19:06um Northern Canada, Greenland, um,
00:19:09Svalbard in Norway. And
00:19:12we're supposed to go to Iceland and had trouble with the
00:19:15plane. But um,
00:19:18one of the things we heard in that
00:19:21trip was concern about the position this
00:19:24administration has taken with respect to some of our traditional allies.
00:19:28Canada, um, the threat to take action on
00:19:31Greenland, um, the map showing Iceland is a
00:19:35U.S. territory. And
00:19:37none of those are conducive to the kind of
00:19:41partnership and collaboration we need with our Arctic
00:19:45allies. So can you talk a little bit about how you would
00:19:48address the interest in ensuring that we have
00:19:51regular communication with our allies? Thank
00:19:55you, Senator. If confirmed, I I look forward to working with each and
00:19:59every one of our partners and allies, including the A7
00:20:02partnership uh that was created earlier this year uh with our
00:20:05Nordic partners. Um,
00:20:07I would say that it would also be important to work with our our U.S. Nordic
00:20:11ambassadors too. And and if confirmed, I hope to maybe
00:20:14perhaps hold uh monthly meetings uh from time to time
00:20:18to make sure we're all speaking from the same sheet of music and carrying uh Secretary
00:20:21Blinken's and and President Trump's um policies going
00:20:24forward so there's no confusion and that we we have that close
00:20:27coordination in working with uh those partner countries that
00:20:31will be very important, uh which of course includes uh
00:20:34NATO. Um, well, thank you, as you point out,
00:20:38NATO has an important role to play, and and
00:20:40they're doing a better job of recognizing how
00:20:44important that is.
00:20:47the briefings that we got when we were in Svalbard, which is above the
00:20:50Arctic Circle in Norway, was
00:20:53about Russia's increasing aggression in that
00:20:56region. And so can you talk
00:21:00about how you think we should be responding to what
00:21:03Russia is doing in the Arctic? Well, thank you,
00:21:07Senator. Very important question. I was saying earlier to
00:21:10Senator Hagerty that with Russia's continued militarization of the
00:21:14Arctic, now they are hurting a little bit economically because of the Russia
00:21:17Ukraine War, but they continue
00:21:20to dominate in the region, controlling access through the Northern Sea
00:21:23Route. And the biggest, I think, challenge for us in the United
00:21:27States and for our Arctic allies is to
00:21:30have those capabilities, whether it's the icebreakers behind that,
00:21:34having the the technology, the innovation, the support. I
00:21:37mean even the coldware gear, having
00:21:40been having participated in some of the military exercises, I noticed
00:21:44even our own troops were needing to use, for
00:21:48example, Norwegian uniforms and boots just to deal with the cold weather. So there's
00:21:52a lot that we can learn from each other and cooperate both from an
00:21:55operational standpoint and and and also even
00:21:58from a security standpoint in the sense of those
00:22:02shared values and understanding that we need that domain awareness.
00:22:06Well, thank you. We have the Cold Regions Lab in Hanover, New
00:22:09Hampshire, and we would invite you to come and see what they're doing there
00:22:13to to address some of the concerns we have about
00:22:17being prepared for Arctic um temperature
00:22:20and weather. Absolutely. Thank you.
00:22:24Um, thank you. Mr. Johnson, I want to, I
00:22:28asked Mr. Young this question, but I didn't ask you
00:22:32whether you also
00:22:35agree that what happened in Srebrenica was a
00:22:38genocide?
00:22:43Thank you, Senator. I think I could unequivocally tell you, yes,
00:22:46Srebrenica was a genocide, has been
00:22:50the convictions that came through with the court systems as you mentioned earlier.
00:22:53Absolutely. And do you agree
00:22:57that it's important for us to to make clear
00:23:00that that's the position of the United States and particularly when we
00:23:04hear from characters like Milorad
00:23:08Dodik as he's trying to encourage
00:23:11separatism and foment
00:23:15further ethnic tensions and religious tensions in
00:23:19Bosnia, Herzegovina, that it's important for us to be unequivocal
00:23:22in how we talk about that issue. I think,
00:23:26Senator, you can rest assured that when I am in position that I will be
00:23:29very positive in recommending those courses
00:23:33of action as you mentioned. earlier. Absolutely.
00:23:36Thank you, thank you, thank you all very much. I join
00:23:40in that, thanks to all of you, we had a unique opportunity here today
00:23:44to talk about some things that you might wind up with,
00:23:48Senator Murphy raised some questions. Ethical questions, and we don't, we don't
00:23:52usually get into a discussion of that, I'm sure they take that up when you go through
00:23:56school, over at the State Department, the kinds of things that that you're going
00:23:59to deal with, but my experience over the years and
00:24:03is that the ambassadors wind up with some very
00:24:07unique situations and ones that that require you to write
00:24:10home and find out what what needs to go on, so
00:24:14thank you again to you and and to your families for
00:24:17being here today, certainly. Panel that we had
00:24:20today and uh I want to thank you all for the benefit of
00:24:24your testimony uh and candor uh with us.
00:28:12AFD triumph: how will Germany change? Black
00:28:16Sea, Russian-Ukrainian food war.
00:28:20Nepalese guest workers, what are Sherpas doing in
00:28:23Norway?
00:28:36Greetings: the triumphant victory of the AFD in the state elections
00:28:39in Saxony-Anhalt is a turning point for
00:28:42Germany, although it is one of the smallest federal
00:28:45states, the consequences of the election are felt across
00:28:49the country. How do citizens react to the dominance
00:28:52of a party that is declared right-wing extremist in Saxony-
00:28:56Anhalt and how does the AFD victory
00:28:59change their lives?
00:29:03Saxony-Anhalt, once part of communist East
00:29:06Germany. After the fall of the Berlin Wall,
00:29:09people massively emigrated from this province, especially young
00:29:13and better educated. But a few years ago, the trend
00:29:17changed, more people are moving in again,
00:29:20seeking the benefits of living in smaller towns, affordable
00:29:24rents, and businesses they can
00:29:27develop. But is Saxony-Anhalt really a place for
00:29:30a permanent life? If the Alternative for Germany, which is considered
00:29:34extremist in this federal state, succeeds in taking
00:29:38power, many will ask if perhaps it's not.
00:29:52When Anja Reismann walks through the town, someone always approaches
00:29:56her. In this town, she knows almost
00:29:58everyone.
00:30:01Anja was born here, but she left when she was very young. At that
00:30:05time, the place seemed cramped, boring.
00:30:08She lived in the Czech Republic and France, then near
00:30:10Munich. She didn't expect to
00:30:13return.
00:30:19There are now more people here, more people who want to do something, more
00:30:23young people. There's almost always something going on every
00:30:25weekend. And Anja also wanted to give back to the
00:30:28community. She founded an organization that brings people together.
00:30:32Every Monday afternoon there are coffee, cakes, and fruit,
00:30:36and everyone is
00:30:37welcome.
00:30:40These small moments that arise, you know? So
00:30:44an older gentleman
00:30:47recently sat next to Asada from Afghanistan and then they
00:30:50realized, oh, we live on the same street, we are neighbors and
00:30:54yes, she needed someone to help the children with their homework,
00:30:58he needed someone to help her with shopping and...