Google Cloud Speech-to-Text API (Chirp) + Gemini 2.5 Flash Non-Thinking. Treat it as a searchable index of what was broadcast, not a quotation record.
00:00:05about wars and other crises can put you in
00:03:40Cybercriminals launch attacks on power grids, hospitals, and
00:03:43banks. AI can protect us, but it's a constant
00:03:47race between hackers and developers. The
00:03:50latest AI model from US company Anthropic can detect
00:03:54gaps in systems, but in the wrong hands could also be used
00:03:58as a cyber weapon. Anthropic itself is warning of
00:04:01potential misuse out of genuine concern or is it a
00:04:05clever marketing
00:04:06strategy?
00:04:09This and much more on DW Science Show. Welcome to
00:04:13Tomorrow
00:04:14Today.
00:04:19Our digital world is vulnerable to abuse with consequences that can
00:04:23be devastating. US AI Company Anthropic says
00:04:27it has developed software that in the wrong hands
00:04:30can exacerbate the dangers. At first glance, it seems
00:04:33positive. The program has identified at least a thousand
00:04:37previously unknown security vulnerabilities in operating
00:04:40systems and browsers. I've found more bugs in the last
00:04:44couple of weeks than I found in the rest of my life combined. The concern
00:04:47making the headlines is that the program doesn't only detect flaws but
00:04:51can also exploit them to infiltrate systems.
00:04:54Anthropic says the potential threat of misuse is so high that just
00:04:58a few major US companies are to be granted
00:05:02access. The fear is that in the wrong hands,
00:05:05the technology could be used to attack critical infrastructure
00:05:09like power grids or hospitals, an alarming
00:05:12prospect, say many in the US
00:05:14tech community.
00:05:18I think this is going to be a kind of forced
00:05:22reset for the entire cybersecurity
00:05:25industry and a very significant
00:05:28event in the history of technology. So
00:05:32significant and so potentially harmful that the
00:05:35US Treasury Secretary and Federal Reserve Chair are
00:05:38reported to have recently held an urgent meeting with American bank
00:05:42executives.
00:05:45But is the new software really such a big threat?
00:05:49We talked to digital technology specialist Guido
00:05:52Berger.
00:05:56Anthropic likes to hype itself up with these apocalyptic descriptions of
00:06:00its models' capabilities, practically rubbing it in our
00:06:03faces. It's partly marketing, but it's also
00:06:06a real problem, and it's a problem that goes beyond
00:06:09Anthropic.
00:06:20AI is evolving at breakneck speed, and it's not uncommon for companies
00:06:24to address the dangers posed by developments. Sam
00:06:28Altman, CEO of Open AI, has warned about his own language model
00:06:31chat GPT, calling for society to be protected against the
00:06:35influence of major AI
00:06:36firms.
00:06:40AI expert Tilo Stadelmann says: AI
00:06:43companies launching powerful models while simultaneously
00:06:46warning against them is a
00:06:48tactic. It's also a way to
00:06:52emphasize your importance to
00:06:55investors and customers, saying we're so relevant, it's
00:06:59actually dangerous. You shouldn't trust anyone else with
00:07:02this. Also, you shouldn't just release it. Open
00:07:06source is very dangerous, and we need to keep the competition at
00:07:09bay. Those are the words of someone focused on.
00:08:13Hype or genuine threat? Whatever the answer, security
00:08:16officials and agencies are certain to face growing challenges
00:08:19in the
00:08:20future.
00:08:24The aviation industry is also at increasing risk from cyber
00:08:27threats. Jamming and spoofing attacks destabilize the
00:08:31plane's GPS signals, either blocking them completely or
00:08:35overriding them with fake signals. The aircraft
00:08:38can then lose its bearings and veer off course. Pilots need
00:08:42to be well-trained to deal with these situations in cockpit
00:08:45simulators, like at Wizz Air's training center in
00:08:47Hungary.
00:08:56This is what happens when the GPS signals on commercial aircraft are
00:08:59blocked. There's a short beep and the pilots receive a warning
00:09:03message. Wizz Air is a low-cost airline
00:09:06based in Budapest. Due to its proximity to Ukraine, the
00:09:10Hungarian company has become expert in dealing with jamming and
00:09:14spoofing, the disruption of satellite signals, an issue that
00:09:17affects all airlines.
00:09:20Wizz Air has its own state-of-the-art training center for
00:09:23both pilots and cabin crews.
00:09:27We were given unprecedented access to film simulated
00:09:30cyber attacks in the cockpit. There are more than
00:09:33a hundred potential problems that pilots can
00:09:36face. Today, Szabolcs Nagy is in
00:09:39charge of putting them through their paces.
00:09:45Uh, for the GPS spoofing and jamming part as well, we can
00:09:49we can create some scenarios, which one
00:09:52is for the for the navigation, for the uh, GPS, uh
00:09:56primary loss. We can do, we can do map shift as
00:09:59well, which one, in a practical uh, for the for the pilots it
00:10:03will be useful, if that one is happening with them in the real life, they know how
00:10:07to act, how to do the proper step, how
00:10:10to to build up some, um,
00:10:15Today, Ákos Pethő is flying us from Budapest to Cyprus
00:10:19in an A321. After takeoff he's confronted with
00:10:22a series of attempted interferences.
00:10:25Jamming is when external signals disrupt signals from the
00:10:29plane's GPS, which subsequently cuts out. With
00:10:33spoofing, false navigation information is sent to the plane's
00:10:36receiver, overriding the actual GPS signals.
00:10:40The plane is misdirected.
00:10:43We can now see Cyprus. The approach to Larnaca is regularly
00:10:47disrupted by signals from the Middle East.
00:10:51So, as you can see, really...
00:10:55slightly that our map is moving
00:10:58towards the left, and that's why our aircraft thinks that we are
00:11:02right of the clear routing. And you see, we are turning shallow it to
00:11:05the left, even though we've established before that we should, that
00:11:09we're supposed to be flying straight ahead. That's a
00:11:12typical
00:11:15uh, symptom of spoofing. This is what we call map shift. This is
00:11:18when the aircraft's position is uh, altered to
00:11:22such an extent that the auto-flight system itself
00:11:26doesn't really know where to fly. One
00:11:29solution is to turn off the GPS system, leaving the
00:11:32aircraft to rely on motion sensors and signals from radio
00:11:36beacons to navigate, like in the old days. In most
00:11:40cases, pilots can even react in advance thanks to very precise
00:11:44maps of the regions where GPS interference occurs
00:11:46and regular training, of
00:11:49course.
00:11:51So first of all, what we are doing to our pilots is training.
00:11:56And we also try to educate them, we are
00:11:59talking to them, we are sending them materials with which they first of all
00:12:03can understand the background and after that understand
00:12:07why it is very necessary to apply the given
00:12:10procedures and policies we have to
00:12:13avoid the worst outcomes of GPS interference to
00:12:17happen. Pilots have to constantly compare
00:12:20data from the cockpit's different navigation systems.
00:12:24So does all this?
00:12:551980s. Of course, spoofing was not an issue. So far there
00:12:59are no technical countermeasures, but one could be
00:13:02the European satellite navigation system Galileo. It'll be
00:13:06built into cockpits in the future. However, even its
00:13:09signals are vulnerable, which is why ESA conducted a
00:13:12large-scale test in Norway in which it intentionally disrupted
00:13:16navigation signals. ESA plans to make Galileo
00:13:20stronger and more resilient with the help of new low
00:13:24altitude,
00:13:55Those frequencies are monitored at facilities including the German
00:13:58Aerospace Center. A mobile system scans the
00:14:01frequency band looking for disruptions. It's something that could be used at any
00:14:05airport.
00:14:11than jamming signals. They're harder to detect. If someone were to try
00:14:14to actively interfere, they would transmit in these two
00:14:17bands.
00:14:20This is what a device sending false signals looks like, but it can
00:14:23also be smaller or much larger, where spoofing is used
00:14:27as a weapon. And here's a possible defense strategy also
00:14:31developed by the German Aerospace Center, an antenna that
00:14:34suppresses the jamming signals.
00:14:37It's designed so that it can be integrated into all current
00:14:41systems.
00:14:44These systems protect against jamming at a physical level. They make use of the
00:14:48fact that useful signals and jamming signals come from different
00:14:51directions, and that's very hard to replicate by anyone wanting
00:14:58That's because actual satellite signals come from above,
00:15:01shown here in red. That clarity allows pilots to
00:15:05see and work with the real GPS signals.
00:15:08Theoretically, the antenna is ready to go, but safety regulations
00:15:12mean approval processes can take years. So it will
00:15:16be some time before Ákos Pethő and his colleagues can
00:15:19land without interference all over the world again. Then
00:15:23passengers can enjoy. will be even safer than
00:15:27ever.
00:15:31Stories like that one can give the impression that the world is going from
00:15:34bad to worse, partly because we tend to focus more on
00:15:37negative than the positive. Consuming a steady dose of news
00:15:43a spiral of negativity. And yet, a lot of
00:15:47things have improved in recent
00:15:48decades.
00:15:54What percentage of girls worldwide attend primary school?
00:15:5750%, 70% or more than
00:16:0090%? We asked around.
00:16:0450% at most. I'd say more like 50%.
00:17:07the expert, why is there such a huge gap
00:17:11between publicly available facts and our perception of
00:17:15reality?
00:17:19There is a term in
00:17:21science called negativity bias.
00:17:25It refers to people being more likely to look for negative information
00:17:29and also remember negative information. and partly also
00:17:32to remember negative information more
00:17:34strongly.
00:17:37Why is that? Our minds work like a filter, and this
00:17:41filter favors the negative.
00:17:44It's a legacy from evolution. After
00:17:47all, a hundred thousand years ago it didn't matter if someone overlooked a
00:17:51beautiful flower, but missing the tracks of a
00:17:54predator could be
00:17:56fatal.
00:17:59That's why even today, our brains are still wired to focus
00:18:02on potential threats. The brain detects dangers more
00:18:06quickly, processes them more intensely, and stores them more
00:18:09deeply. The predators might be gone, but in our minds they're
00:18:13still alive and well.
00:18:16Negative things stick more strongly. Studies show that
00:18:20even individual words like crisis or danger are
00:18:23enough to make us click a headline. Our eyes are
00:18:27drawn to them, and before we know it, we've gone down another
00:18:30rabbit hole.
00:18:34Large scale data analysis also shows that online head.
00:19:07So the media amplifies our perception. Does that mean the
00:19:11more news we consume, the worse the world
00:19:13seems? In today's world, algorithms play
00:19:17a role.
00:19:23determined by what friends have been up to, but also by what the
00:19:27algorithm adds in, and it's not
00:19:29accidental.
00:19:32Negative information has a longer dwell time and
00:19:35leads to more interaction. Algorithms
00:19:43fuel what our brains prefer, the dramatic. But if we only
00:19:47focus on crises, we lose our inner
00:19:49compass, and our view of the world becomes
00:19:53distorted.
00:19:56It's a vicious circle in which we seem to live in a world
00:19:59dominated by crisis.
00:20:02But it's not that there are fewer positive developments out there,
00:20:06they're just less visible.
00:20:50is too. A persistent negative focus fuels
00:20:53mistrust, cynicism, and disillusionment with
00:20:56politics. Our world view is no longer shaped just by
00:21:00facts, but also by filters, emotions, and feedback
00:21:03loops. So the crucial question isn't how bad is the
00:21:07world, but rather how can we learn to see things more
00:21:10realistically?
00:21:17in the digital age,
00:21:50and to life itself. And being critical doesn't have to be negative, it
00:21:54can also mean that I've assessed it, and it's not so bad after
00:21:57all.
00:22:00The world is certainly not perfect, but it's far from all
00:22:03bad either. Sometimes it just needs a new
00:22:07headline.
00:22:12Lead poisoning used to be widespread in industrialized
00:22:15countries, but that's changed. The drastic reduction in environmental
00:22:20exposure is regarded as one of the biggest public health achievements of the 20th
00:22:24century.
00:22:29In the early 1970s, in Germany, lead was as omnipresent as cigarette
00:22:33smoke in pubs, found in everything from paints and drinking water to
00:22:37gasoline, and most people didn't see it as a
00:22:40problem. When I was a boy, casting melted lead
00:22:43shapes was a normal game on New Year's Eve. For
00:22:47centuries, people treasured lead's all round.
00:23:20to its effects on the brain in a moment, but
00:23:23first, how does it enter our bodies in the first
00:23:26place? Via food, the
00:23:29air, or drinking water. And once lead is in the
00:23:33body, it doesn't leave quickly. Lead has a surprisingly long half
00:23:36life in bones, up to 30 years, so even three decades
00:23:40after intake, about half of it is still
00:23:43there. And the more lead that accumulates in the
00:23:46body, the greater the damage. With an
00:23:49increased exposure affects various organ
00:23:52systems, the nervous system, and also blood cell
00:23:56production, the kidney, and the cardiovascular
00:23:59system. The International Agency for Research on
00:24:03Cancer even classifies lead as probably
00:24:06carcinogenic. And children are especially vulnerable. While playing
00:24:10in sandboxes, they'll often put their hands in their mouths, together with any
00:24:14lead residue in the sand, and their bodies
00:24:17absorb the metal more efficiently. The greatest.
00:24:50In West Germany, as in some other countries, the government responded by
00:24:53gradually reducing the lead content in gasoline. By
00:24:561988, the permitted lead content of regular
00:24:59gasoline was zero,
00:25:02followed in 1996 by premium gasoline.
00:25:06Since 2021, leaded gasoline has been banned
00:25:09worldwide. By 2024,
00:25:1248% of countries had introduced regulations on
00:25:15lead-based paints, and in Germany all lead
00:25:19pipes had to be decommissioned or removed by mid-January
00:25:222026. How effective those measures were can
00:25:26be seen in lead concentrations of blood samples. A
00:25:29comparison between values from the 1980s and present day
00:25:33data shows a clear
00:25:35trend.
00:25:38Over the past decades, the ban on leaded gasoline has resulted in a
00:25:41significant drop in blood lead levels. We have
00:25:45data from students in Muenster, for example, who are examined in groups
00:25:49by the.
00:25:59down to 10 micrograms per liter by 2018.
00:30:27Good evening, this is another Red Line, I'm Marina Fratucan. Around 20
00:30:31women are killed annually in each of the countries in the region, and another about
00:30:3415 of them were exposed to attempted murder. In only
00:30:376% of cases, the perpetrator is unknown. However, murders are not
00:30:41prevented. Is femicide predictable? Is there a typical
00:30:45profile of an abuser-killer? Does the system recognize
00:30:48the risk to the victim, or is femicide a systemic failure?
00:30:51Will femicide become a separate criminal offense in Serbia and Republika
00:30:55Srpska, as it has been since 2024 in Croatia
00:30:58and last year in the Federation?