Google Speech-to-Text API Automatic Transcription (Chirp). Treat it as a searchable index of what was broadcast, not a quotation record.
00:00:23now from building with wood to
00:00:27recycling concrete. industry is looking
00:00:31for ways to reduce its massive carbon
00:00:33footprint, but it's still
00:00:37early days for change in the
00:00:38sector.
00:00:43one new sustainable approach and much more coming up tomorrow
00:00:47today.
00:00:52could this soil be the answer to the construction sector's dirty little
00:00:55secret? we have to really speed up things
00:00:59and and we have to drastically transform the way that we handle
00:01:03and consume resources at all
00:01:05of levels. every week a truck load of
00:01:09soil lands in an old aircraft hanger in Berlin. it looks just like
00:01:12regular dirt because it is, but squashed into
00:01:16of blocks, it becomes something potentially revolutionary. compared to traditional
00:01:20clay bricks, making the soil blocks emits 97% less carbon
00:01:24dioxide.
00:01:25a revolution is needed because in environmental terms the construction
00:01:29industry is healthy: the building sector is the world's biggest
00:01:32polluter. According to the UN, between 2024 and
00:01:362025, it accounted for 34% of total global
00:01:40CO2
00:01:41of emissions. Over the same time period, that's more than the
00:01:43of automotive and aviation sectors combined. One
00:01:47reason is the way traditional building materials are made. To make them
00:01:51strong enough to use, clay bricks are baked in
00:01:53of furnaces that hit temperatures exceeding 1,00° celsius and they
00:01:57have to spend several days in the oven. Those kilns are typically
00:02:01in
00:02:01a powered by fossil fuels and release massive amounts of soit and carbon dioxide
00:02:05into the atmosphere. It's
00:02:08of very cheaply and very fastly built with no intention of lasting
00:02:11longer than 40 to 50 years, which is
00:02:14of insane. As soon
00:02:18as they're no longer wanted, buildings often raised to the ground,
00:02:22and lot of that debris just sends up in
00:02:24landfall.
00:02:29Christian Gater. Earthbound hopes his blocks could change
00:02:31this. The soil for them is taken from excavation waste a
00:02:35construction site on the outskirts
00:02:39a a of Berlin. Germany's federal environment agency reports demolition and
00:02:41a construction waste like this comprises the country's biggest waste stream, but
00:02:45this earth has
00:02:46a different destiny. We were very interested in this
00:02:50sort of d-value chain of excavation material being moved from the
00:02:54construction side and then just deposited in land filled as
00:02:57waste. So we thought there was great potential and actually. using this
00:03:00resource. After reaching Christian's sight, the soil is
00:03:04first dried and broken up, then mixed with
00:03:07a tiny bit of water and
00:03:08compressed.
00:03:13There's two things that really come together here, one is that the production
00:03:16process uh doesn't use any other chemical binders, which on the
00:03:20one hand means it's very, very low in terms of co2 emissions, and
00:03:24on the other hand, it also means that there are no toxic gases or any
00:03:28toxic substances released. in the process when a building is constructed from
00:03:32the material. the eco bricks compete with their traditional
00:03:35counterparts in terms
00:03:37of their ability to bear loads and can support building of up to 17
00:03:41meters tall, four or five stories high. each brick can withstand
00:03:44roughly 29 metric tons of pressure before breaking. that's
00:03:48roughly the weight of 15
00:03:50a cars. the blocks can be laid with mortar and
00:03:53of plaster also made from earth. rooms in houses made from them are cooler
00:03:57and more humid. i really hope that "we can sort of take
00:04:01on the conventional maisonry um construction sector and substitute a
00:04:05significant share of what nowadays built with
00:04:08carbonintensive and also materials that are not recyclable at the end
00:04:12of the life cycle with the earth blocks that we are producing which are
00:04:16100% made from waste materials uh very low in terms of
00:04:19co2 emissions during the production and at the end
00:04:22of the life cycle most importantly we can recycle them to new earth
00:04:26building products without any loss of value or without having to'" add any
00:04:30new materials. This is
00:04:34Sinansen, a researcher at the Natural Building Lab at Berlin's technical
00:04:38university. She helped design Germany's first building to use
00:04:42recycled wood in load bearing capacity.
00:04:45But using reclaim materials is only part
00:04:47of the picture. Every part of construction is always
00:04:51needing, um, you always extract new materials, you always invest more
00:04:54energy, you invest um resources
00:04:58and and you also cause.
00:05:12sustainable kind of construction, it's not constructing at all. scena's
00:05:16project will be a minerals museum for her university. she hopes the use of
00:05:20second handwood will spare property developers to follow
00:05:23suit. i
00:05:26think
00:05:27was also good about circular economy is that it's it's it's supporting
00:05:31also maybe the development of business models that are focusing more
00:05:35on refurbishment and more on transformation instead of new
00:05:38construction and demolition, so this may be also
00:05:41then in opportunity to drive um industries
00:05:45and and economic economies into more
00:05:48sustainable direction. preventing
00:05:52demolition, repurposing buildings and using eco-friendly materials are
00:05:56hallmarks of circular construction. at
00:06:00scale, the practices could help sustainably house the
00:06:032.5 billion more people, the UN says will live in
00:06:07urban areas by
00:06:082050,
00:06:12but about air quality in those cities? there are different
00:06:16ways to improve it, one them surprisingly
00:06:18simple.
00:06:23ja ch from the technical university of munich and her
00:06:26colleague are in one the city's parks.
00:06:30over the course of several months, they've been taking measurements
00:06:34here and elsewhere in Munich to verify their
00:06:37calculations. they showed that urban green
00:06:41spaces can absorb.
00:07:12All vegetation is equally effective. Using this
00:07:16device, the researchers can, for instance, measure photosynthesis
00:07:20activity and grass. In other words, how much CO2
00:07:23it absorbs. At the same time, they look at how much the
00:07:27greenhouse gas is released back into the atmosphere through
00:07:31soil respiration. Their findings show that over the
00:07:35course of year, lawns are actually a net source of
00:07:39CO2, contributing more emissions than they remove.
00:07:43trees are more effective carbon stores, while shrubs and
00:07:47bushes can also offset at least part of city's
00:07:50emissions. we also developed
00:07:54a model to determine the flow of CO2, in other
00:07:58words, where carbon dioxide is absorbed and where it's
00:08:01emitted. you can think of
00:08:03it as map showing exactly where in the city CO2 is
00:08:07being taken up and where it's being
00:08:10released.
00:08:44"my children are always happier when they're outside in green
00:08:47spaces.
00:08:52Her recommendation, city planners should pay more
00:08:55attention to urban greenery. It improves the quality
00:08:59of life for residents and also helps improve city's
00:09:03carbon
00:09:04balance.
00:09:08Barcelona showed it can work,
00:09:11Paris. Vienna, London and Gent
00:09:15in Belgium followed suit. Now it's the German City of
00:09:19Nurenburg's turn to experiment with Super blocks when
00:09:22standard city blocks are grouped into zones that emphasize car-free
00:09:26public spaces. A jungle
00:09:30gym going up a playground in Nurenburg. Guran
00:09:34Feda is member of an initiative to reshape the Gustenhoff
00:09:38neighborhood. The city supports the project and in
00:09:42the...
00:10:12would have been impossible. now people meet
00:10:16up here to chat. has
00:10:20been living here for over 20 years, she welcomes the
00:10:23changes.
00:11:04more space for active
00:11:06At mobility, such
00:11:07creates the as same walking time, and it cycling, while
00:11:09often
00:11:13making them nicer places to spend
00:11:15time. Improving the quality
00:11:19of public spaces, making it more comfortable for people to
00:11:22spend time on their streets.
00:12:26As result, through traffic there fell by 60%, while
00:12:30cycling increased by the same amount, public transport use
00:12:34rose by 12%, and the effects weren't just short
00:12:37term. In gent, car
00:12:41ownership declined over several years, from
00:12:441.2 cars per household to roughly one car per
00:12:47household. These are effects that emerge when people rethink
00:12:51their habits in the medium to long term and then decide. They
00:12:55need a may car anymore because they use other means of
00:12:58transport. not
00:13:02actually Supporters in Guston Hofe hope for similar success story.
00:13:06They organized association and raised over
00:13:0977 through crowd funding.
00:13:12A flood of volunteers followed.
00:13:16Incredible number of people suddenly wanted to get involved
00:13:19because they realized they could create something tangible with their
00:13:23own efforts.
00:13:55how often are people actually out on their balconies? maybe six months
00:13:59a year after that it grows too cold, so
00:14:02for half the year, the super block will probably just empty
00:14:06out. he wants
00:14:09representation for every interest group in the
00:14:12neighborhood.
00:14:16we need to look at what different social groups make up society
00:14:20here and perhaps set up around table, one
00:14:24where families. seniors, singles and people with or
00:14:28without an immigrant background are all represented.
00:14:32We should first ask how the idea is being received, what does
00:14:35each group actually need in order to accept the super
00:14:38block? whether a super
00:14:42block succeeds or fails depends largely on public
00:14:46acceptance, so who should take the initiative, residents or local
00:14:50authorities? experts say there's no one size fits all
00:14:54solution.
00:15:37the super block is a forward thinking experiment.
00:15:41if we want our cities to remain livable and to ensure a high quality
00:15:45of life, even 50 years down the road, we'll have to change the physical
00:15:49structure of those cities. we still have too much asphalt and
00:15:53concrete and too much parking. projects like
00:15:56this create room for playing, outdoor dining, trees
00:16:00and for all the cultural and social activities people
00:16:03need. in september 2026.
00:16:07the decision will be taken on whether
00:16:09the temporary changes will be made permanent. its proponents
00:16:13will do all they can to ensure this new public space will in
00:16:17the future remain filled with life rather than
00:16:21cars. and
00:16:25how are landscapes changing outside cities? germany's
00:16:28countryside is no longer devoted just to farms.
00:16:32renewable energy is now harvested there as well and that can
00:16:36be controversial. Around 60 km
00:16:40east of Berlin, you'll find the Merkisher Schweiz, idilic
00:16:44nature park that's a popular recreational destination for the city's
00:16:47residence. The question is, for how much longer,
00:16:51renewable energy developers are moving aggressively into the
00:16:55region. If investor plans move forward, large
00:16:59solar farms will be built along the park's edges.
00:17:03Opposition has been growing in the nearby town of Munchag
00:17:06where in...
00:17:14and we to the
00:17:14need protect climent, but we shouldn't be doing it everywhere and
00:17:18regardless the cost, some gems like nature parks
00:17:22need to be preserved, kept free of large technical
00:17:25installations in the landscape. We need Though
00:17:29understanding the
00:17:30transition the concerns, energy the local chapter of nature non-profit warns
00:17:34that pitting climate protection against nature conservation. a
00:17:37bad idea. Yan Zama is also
00:17:41active in the initiative. His farm borders one
00:17:45the sites being considered for solar
00:17:48park. He's
00:17:51harvesting kale today. Together with his partner,
00:17:55Zama grows produce for the Berlin market. The
00:17:59farm was their dream, and one they had long
00:18:02pursued. The couple moved to Munchag 17 years
00:18:06ago to be... close as possible to nature, they use
00:18:10horses instead of tractors, that keeps the soil from
00:18:14compacting, allowing it to retain more
00:18:16water, organic farming on 70
00:18:20hectares, sustainable practices that
00:18:23work, but plans for solar parks could now
00:18:27change
00:18:27things,
00:18:31es ist tatsächlich so gewesen, dass auch unsere
00:18:33Verpächter,
00:19:10The farmer fears for his livelihood. We tried to
00:19:14speak with the investors about his accusations, but received no
00:19:18response. The utility company initially agreed
00:19:22to an interview, but later told us it had withdrawn from the
00:19:26project. For Yanzama, the playing field
00:19:30is anything but level. According to him, the investors
00:19:33offered his landlord 20 to 30 times more than
00:20:42says the issue goes beyond just changes to the landscape,
00:20:46it's also about the energy transition creating winners and
00:21:20Yanzama hopes his landlord will reject the investor's
00:21:23offer and allow him to stay on the farm and he'll
00:21:27continue fighting to leave the nature park as it is.
00:21:31Why he asks should solar arrays be built in a protected
00:21:35area? The beauty of solar power is that the
00:21:38panels don't care where they are, they just need to face the
00:21:42sun. That means renewable electricity can be generated
00:21:46on sealed surfaces, rooftops and parking lots.
00:21:50there they don't cause problems, on the
00:21:52contrary. officials in muncheberg say
00:21:55they're carefully reviewing all the arguments and that decision
00:21:59has yet to be taken.
00:22:01conservationist has seen
00:22:05similar disputes elsewhere and how they
00:22:07end. es gibt in
00:22:10brandburg. in Brandenburg, there's a law stating that
00:22:14municipalities have to receive financial compensation when
00:22:18solar farms or wind turbines.
00:22:50agriculture, we're a difficult position, on the one
00:22:53hand, producing food is our primary
00:22:56responsibility,
00:23:03und dazu zählt natürlich auch,
00:23:06agricultural businesses need to consider how they can use
00:23:10the land they own, i'm specifically talking about land owned by
00:23:14farmers to strengthen their economic
00:23:16stability, and that can include investing in
00:23:28what the authorities decide, land ownership plays
00:23:31crucial role in the issue, both for him and for Germany's
00:23:35energy
00:23:36transition.
00:23:42Speaking of renewable energy, here's a great
00:23:45question from our viewer Bernard in
00:23:48Ghana. How
00:23:51do solar panels
00:23:53work? Solar panels,
00:23:57also called solar modules are made up of number of solar cells
00:24:01linked together. About 95% of all solar
00:24:05cells are currently made from silicon obtained from quartz
00:24:08sand. It's melted and cleaned in a complex
00:24:11process. The resulting silicon is cut into thin slices
00:24:15called wafers. To make the cell electrically
00:24:18conductive, silicon is intentionally contaminated or
00:24:22doped, some wafers with boron,
00:24:26others with phosphorus. When the
00:24:30wafers doped with boron and phosphorus are placed together,
00:24:34excess electrons migrate from the phosphorus silicone layer into the
00:24:37boron silicone layer. This leads to a surplus of
00:24:41electrons at the bottom and a shortage them at the top. Similar
00:24:45to battery, solar cells have positive and negative
00:24:48poles. When sunlight strikes the cell, electrons
00:24:52are released in the silicon boron layer. Since they're negatively
00:24:56charged, they're drawn to the positive pole. Solar cells
00:25:00also have metallic conductors at their top and bottom. The free
00:25:04electrons travel along these tracks, generating an electrical
00:25:08current as long as the sun is
00:25:10shining.
00:25:15When more light strikes the surface, more power is
00:25:18generated. yield, solar modules are usually
00:25:22connected in series and linked up to form larger
00:25:25systems, but even small modules can generate
00:25:29enough electricity for everyday needs, more than
00:25:3311% of all renewable energy already comes from solar
00:25:37energy, increasing trend, it's a form of
00:25:40energy with almost infinite
00:25:42potential.
00:25:47what are stars made of? how many? colors can
00:25:50butterflies see? could robots have
00:25:54babies one day? do you
00:25:56have science question? then send it
00:25:58to us as a video, text or voice message. If
00:26:02we answer it in the show then we'll send you a little gift as a thank you,
00:26:06so just
00:26:07ask.
00:26:12That's all we have time for, but we hope to see you again soon
00:26:15tomorrow today. Bye for
00:26:17now.
00:26:44It's all over the internet, oh
00:26:46my god, look at that, with some videos reaching more than 50
00:26:50million views, the
00:26:52crunchy,
00:26:56chunky chocolate bar, this is
00:26:59phenomenal, people from all around the world know, where to find it?
00:27:03Dubai, Dubai, Dubai, but they struggle to recreate
00:27:07it. For the first time, there we go, the woman behind
00:27:11the famous chocolate craze is sharing some of her
00:27:14secrets. Sarah, hey, how are you? You too, all
00:27:18right, I'm looking forward to this. We're making some chocolate. Let's do
00:27:20it. What are we doing today? We're making the can't get
00:27:24cana, but
00:27:25this is the viral chocolate that's taken Dubai by storm. Yes it is. When
00:27:29did you start doing this? It started out in 2021. you weren't in the food
00:27:33business before? no, no, no, nothing. i have no culinary experience uh
00:27:37whatsoever. i woke up one day and i i said i want to open a chocolate business. and then
00:27:41all of sudden it just blows up. yeah. what what happened? we
00:27:44had um one these tik tokkers
00:27:47uh Maria. everyone sees her face everywhere now. thanks
00:27:51maria. and then it just went viral and things went crazy.
00:27:54and this is probably one the most difficult aspects of it to replicate right?
00:27:58it's the the coloring on the outside. yeah, so... what to
00:28:02do uh, what's the secret? say
00:28:05something, she's not giving away her secret.
00:28:09so what's been the most challenging part? uh, keeping up with
00:28:12demand definitely is has been a challenge. um, now that it has
00:28:16you know people from around the world, you know, asking us to deliver, and
00:28:20we're not able to do that right now. it's it's only for people in Dubai
00:28:24right now, only for people in Dubai. so if you want your fixed chocolate, you got to fly over to
00:28:27Dubai. so now I need to, I need to case this now with chocolate. yes, you do, you
00:28:31do. perfect, i wouldn't say
00:28:34perfect, but it's good, it's good, so now we have to fill it,
00:28:37yep, all right, moment of
00:28:39truth,
00:28:42wow, not bad, what a thing of
00:28:45beauty, i uh, haven't eaten
00:28:49anything all day cuz i've been waiting for this one, yes, yes,
00:28:52oh, look at
00:28:53that,
00:28:59it's so filling, it's it's a dessert in itself, mean they're they're
00:29:03expensive right, let's not
00:29:05be re like around $20 us, almost $20, our b is all
00:29:08handmade, the art is all by hand, and these things
00:29:12take time, we were doing around six to seven orders when we first started, six or seven
00:29:16orders a day, and right now we're doing 100 orders per minute, 100 orders per
00:29:20minute, yeah, that is wild, are you scared that this
00:29:24viral hype is going to die out, so every day i obviously ask this
00:29:27question um to myself and i do think you know
00:29:31this all going to die is... is you know every trend has its
00:29:34moment and I think we have so much more to give um
00:29:38and
00:29:39you know I think this is just the beginning for us, feel like we need some
00:29:41water, no just wash it down with more
00:29:44chocolate, it'll be
00:29:46fine.
00:30:04Povratak u prošlost istražujemo bogato naslijeđe
00:30:08židovske zajednice u poljskom Krakovu. Na
00:30:12krilima Sunca pratimo rad animatorskog tima u
00:30:15jednom španjolskom
00:30:16ljetovalištu. A znate li
00:30:20što je pastirska pita? Upoznajemo vas s ovim tradicionalnim
00:30:24britanskim specijalitetom. Sve i puno više
00:30:28današnjem
00:30:28Euromaxu.
00:30:44U određenim dijelovima Krakova možete duboko zaroniti u
00:30:48židovsku prošlost. Ovaj grad stoljećima je bio jedan od
00:30:52glavnih središta židovskog života u Evropi, to se najbolje vidi
00:30:56kaži Mirzu, ali budući da danas tamo gotovo nema.