Google Cloud Speech-to-Text API (Chirp) + Gemini 2.5 Flash Non-Thinking. Treat it as a searchable index of what was broadcast, not a quotation record.
00:06:50N1 television.
00:07:29The deep hum of a warship moving through the Red Sea,
00:07:33steered by the Sudanese
00:07:35Navy.
00:07:38As the war ravages the country, fighting on the ground centers
00:07:41around Khartoum and the political
00:07:43capital,
00:07:47resource of vital importance, is often
00:07:50overlooked by the world, but not by
00:07:53nations fighting wars on Red Sea shores or state actors
00:07:57like Russia seeking a presence on this naval
00:07:59base. We're on the Red
00:08:03their Chinese made warships that
00:08:06they use to intercept smuggling in their waters, and it feels
00:08:10surreal to be with them. The body of water that connects the Horn of Africa and
00:08:14Sudan with the Middle East.
00:08:18We're the first journalists that they bring on
00:08:21reenactment of one of their key operations.
00:08:25The interception of smuggling vessels, trafficking
00:08:28arms, drugs, and people into Africa via
00:08:32Sudan and capturing smugglers of East African and
00:08:37them from Iran-backed Houthi militias.
00:08:41Most of the navies, they are engaged in securing
00:08:44so they are taking big advantage and try to operate in
00:08:48the coastal area of Sudan. Exactly. And what happens when you
00:08:52engage with Houthis in Sudanese
00:08:56the time they are not struggling because they know it is, it's
00:08:59over and they surrender most of the time
00:09:02because you cannot, uh, struggle, you know, against your
00:09:06our navy or coast guard because are using very tough scenarios and very
00:09:12the, those whom we capture them, they surrender
00:09:14immediately.
00:09:23So AI agents are AI computer
00:09:26programs, uh, that can think very broadly, can
00:09:30reason, can come up with novel solutions to problems,
00:09:34and most importantly, can do things in the real world. So they can
00:09:37communicate, they can send emails, they can sometimes pay
00:09:41for things, they can operate websites, they can do a very wide
00:09:44range of things. So when they're given a problem to do, uh, they
00:09:48can think through how to do it, come up with novel ways of doing
00:09:51it. And worse, we're seeing swarms of
00:09:54agents being applied to a certain task as well, which
00:09:58makes them much less predictable. So you can create
00:10:01potentially thousands of these programs trying to achieve a certain goal, trying to
00:10:05find a particular solution, um, and it's hard to predict what
00:10:08they're going to do. Um, and the the core intelligence
00:10:12behind them is getting better and better, which is where this, where this concern is coming from.
00:10:16That's, that's the risk that that people are talking about. Yes, the
00:10:20technology is intrinsically unreliable. It
00:10:23occasionally invents things. It does things wrong, it's
00:10:26inconsistent. So when, when you give it enormous
00:10:29capabilities and it comes up with novel solutions, there's risk.
00:10:33And that that risk is what everybody's focused on, not not necessarily what's available
00:10:37now, but what where it might be in a few years time if it
00:10:41continues to be more intelligent and continues to be more capable. That's
00:10:44that's certainly what they're thinking about, but they're also talking about the unforeseen
00:10:48risk. We don't know where this technology will be in a
00:10:51few years time. We also don't know what
00:10:55intelligence looks like. The human race has been, uh, human
00:10:58race's experience of intelligence is other humans, that's it. We've we've never
00:11:02seen systems that are massively more intelligent than us. Um, we don't
00:11:06know what effect that will have on the world, what, what, what things they will come up
00:11:09with. So part of the concern is the, is the unforeseen risk, of the
00:11:13unknown. You know, it's not that that we've got some calculation that shows that this
00:11:17is likely or what the exact percentage is. We just don't know. So people are
00:11:20expressing their gut feeling that there is some
00:11:23risk there and it's real, should be taken seriously. I think regulation is
00:11:27extremely hard. Um, I think the big labs are working on safety, they
00:11:31care about safety, but it's fundamentally a technology
00:11:33problem. To make these systems safe requires
00:11:37requires layers of new technology integrated with these, with these
00:11:40agents. Um, the raw technology that's advancing
00:11:43AI is unreliable. If if that's the thing that's doing the reasoning, if
00:11:47that's the thing that's fully in control, then that's, that's where a lot of the risk comes
00:11:51from. So, so safety largely
00:11:54involves technology solutions. And that's, that's clearly not something that
00:11:57government can supply. Yeah, think a kill switch is kind
00:12:01of, it's an emergency brake. It's definitely not the the total solution to the
00:12:05problem. Um, if you think about a production line, there might be a big red button that
00:12:09that shuts down the production line. But the production line is not safe because of that big red
00:12:13button. It's safe because of all sorts of rules and all sorts of care that's gone into the
00:12:17building of that production line. Um, that's the
00:12:20same with AI. Being able to shut it down is is a sensible
00:12:23preparation. Um, but
00:12:27it's definitely not a substitute for for a sort of full safety
00:12:30policy. So there is a global race to develop
00:12:34superintelligence, um, and that will
00:12:38bring all sorts of benefits as well. There is risk, but it will also potentially bring
00:12:41all sorts of benefits to humanity, solving problems, advancing
00:12:45science, solving medicine. Um, so it's right to
00:12:49to want to advance AI, and any regulation that
00:12:52slows down AI that's only limited to one part of the
00:12:56world, the other parts of the world advancing ahead. So it's a
00:12:59legitimate problem, and the only way past
00:13:03that is international collaboration. So the US and China need to
00:13:06agree what, what precautions need to be taken and it needs to be
00:13:10applied globally. It can't really work if only one country is doing
00:13:13it. Well, let's see. Um,
00:13:16I, the AI systems of today are not a threat to humanity. The
00:13:20concern is about what will happen, particularly
00:13:23with advancing us in AI, and particularly with AI advancing
00:13:27itself. So this is also one of the concerns is that AI is now
00:13:30getting good enough that it can self-improve. Um, so the
00:13:34concern is if, if, if that happens and that starts to accelerate, we may
00:13:38see a very big acceleration in artificial intelligence capability quite
00:13:41quickly. So it, it's right that we should be worrying about it now, and
00:13:45it's right, right that we should be working very hard to find solutions right
00:13:48now. But the the solutions that are here right now,
00:13:52the AI systems that are here right now are not a huge threat. I don't, I don't
00:13:55think it's to slow, slow things
00:13:59down. But I think there does need to be very substantial investment in
00:14:02AI safety in parallel. And by the
00:14:05way, the labs have huge incentive to solve these
00:14:08technology problems. The the same problems that make AI
00:14:12unreliable and, and, and raise these safety concerns are
00:14:16also things that are preventing AI from being adopted. If you're a business
00:14:19trying to use AI, the fact it's a bit unreliable and a bit
00:14:23um, a bit imperfect is
00:14:25actually preventing AI being used. Uh, so there's huge commercial incentives
00:14:29for for everybody, for these big labs especially to solve these problems, not just from a
00:14:33sort of humanity safety point of view, but also in terms of their customers
00:14:51More than 3 billion people regularly play digital games,
00:14:55including me. Whether you're into strategy or action or
00:14:59realistic simulations, gamers are spoiled for choice.
00:15:02Usually the aim is to get a new high score, of course, but
00:15:05increasingly, education, political issues, and community
00:15:09empowerment have become a part of gaming too. But can
00:15:13you actually learn something while
00:15:15gaming?
00:15:20The Italian Renaissance, Vikings sailing the high seas,
00:15:24samurai in medieval Japan. History games let us
00:15:27relive the past like it's an adventure. They are a
00:15:30mix of impressive love for detail and artistic
00:15:34freedom, like the Assassin's Creed series, which sold over
00:15:37230 million copies. But what happens when history
00:15:41turns into a game? Does that change our view of the
00:15:44past? This is our chance to break out of Normandy. The Battle of
00:15:48Normandy in Call of Duty won't be easy. It feels
00:15:51authentic, but is it, and does it even have
00:15:55to be? So on the one hand, uh, I
00:15:58don't think that games about history need to be accurate. First of
00:16:02all, you play them for having fun. But on the other hand, the producers of digital
00:16:06games, they advertise it a lot that they are so correct, that they
00:16:10are so authentic. And, and they do this by using something we
00:16:14call like photorealistic, uh, accuracy.
00:16:18In games like Assassin's Creed, players can explore ancient Egypt
00:16:21or Paris during the French Revolution. They can walk through
00:16:25virtual cities that almost seem real. In Call of Duty and
00:16:29Battlefield, players use detailed weapons and fight in
00:16:32locations where famous battles took place. That realism makes the
00:16:35games feel true even when the story isn't.
00:16:38If you play a game about
00:16:42the, let's say, the First World War, your authentic experience would
00:16:46be like sitting in a trench for several weeks,
00:16:49your foot is rotting away, and then you put your head out of the trench, you get shot
00:16:53in the head, and the game is over. So that, that wouldn't be fun.
00:16:57Balancing entertainment and historical accuracy is a
00:17:00challenge. Games set in World War I often focus on
00:17:03combat, but the complex and painful reality of those times
00:17:07away from the battlefields often gets
00:17:10neglected.
00:17:13It's hard to think about how you could
00:17:16play the Holocaust because normally playing, we
00:17:20see playing something for, for doing it for fun. But
00:17:24this led to the problem that the developers didn't mention the
00:17:27Holocaust at all. Some independent
00:17:30game studios have proven that even the bleakest chapters of history can
00:17:34become part of a game. And through the Darkest of Times,
00:18:04like other media formats, digital games have become
00:18:16of how we remember. I'm a cultural historian, and most of the things I know about US history, I know from a TV series, The Simpsons. We know that popular media
00:18:20help learning and, and, and, and can foster learning.
00:18:24And what digital games, what digital games can do, they can
00:18:27be a door opener. No matter how accurate these games
00:18:31are, they will always leave a mark. After all, it feels like
00:18:34we're right in the middle of history, and that also
00:18:38has an impact on our brains. The experiences we have while gaming and the
00:18:42information we process tend to stick with us for longer.
00:18:45A neuroscientist explains what exactly happens in
00:18:49our brains. What we know so far about the
00:18:53gaming, that it improves the cognitive
00:18:56battery. So it's actually improved the working
00:19:00in memory of people, improved their
00:19:03performance in a different kind of cognitive
00:19:06task.
00:19:09the brain activity or the brain
00:19:13imaging is that there is better
00:19:16functional connectivity between the frontal area and the
00:19:19parietal area on the brain. If our brains
00:19:22switch up gear while we're gaming, why not use that brain
00:19:26activity for something good, like changing the world for the
00:19:30better? Some games do so by taking on current issues and showing
00:19:35difference.
00:19:37Battling natural disasters and cutting emissions to help save a
00:19:41planet under pressure. Climate games help raise
00:19:44awareness about the consequences of climate change. The
00:19:48crisis has become a major theme in the gaming
00:19:50industry.
00:19:53There are already several hundred titles addressing climate
00:19:56change, from quizzes to complex strategy
00:20:01them is Imagine Earth, a survival game where players build a
00:20:04sustainable civilization while managing and
00:20:37tools for learning, they help players understand complex
00:20:40systems, strengthen their sense of responsibility, and even inspire
00:20:44action. One in eight gamers takes real-world action
00:20:48based on what they have learned in games.
00:20:52But how accurate is the science behind these games
00:20:55really? We all created this in a
00:20:59way that it feels like this makes sense. It is not so much
00:21:03about data or precise
00:21:06calculations, it's more about the
00:21:08experience. Other games address young people's
00:21:12so-called eco-anxiety. In
00:21:15Canada, for example, 80% of 16 to
00:21:1825-year-olds say that anxiety about climate change
00:21:22affects their mental health.
00:21:25This inspired psychology professor Stefania Maji to develop an
00:21:29adventure game that helps players become more
00:21:31eco-conscious. It also helps them to better cope with their
00:21:35emotions.
00:21:40We hope that the people who are playing this game will
00:21:44also go through this journey, this hero's journey,
00:21:47and, and in the process, feeling more
00:21:50equipped and with greater quality and
00:21:53motivated to do something as part of the
00:21:56climate crisis. Games really can have an
00:21:59impact, like raising our awareness about the environment.
00:22:03Some games focus on other areas, like building cultural
00:22:06bridges. A Syrian German designer has developed a game that
00:22:10lets players experience a virtual pilgrimage in order to better
00:22:14understand what religious beliefs mean to people.
00:22:17I was longing to go to
00:22:20Mecca, but I didn't have the means. And I thought maybe other people
00:22:23as well. So I wanted to create like a virtual
00:22:29a true-to-scale environment. And you can visit this
00:22:32place from the comfort of your home. In this game,
00:22:35players embark on a virtual pilgrimage. By
00:22:38completing quests, they can explore the Islamic world and learn more
00:22:42about its history and culture. Me
00:22:45myself, being grown up with like gaming consoles and video
00:22:49games, I thought Muslims were depicted in a, in a
00:22:52negative or very superficial way. So I wanted to
00:22:56create something where Muslims can identify with themselves
00:23:00in the game, also in a positive manner. Bilal Shabib
00:23:03continues to refine his game to make the experience even more
00:23:07immersive. You also encounter other characters and interact
00:23:11with them. So you can change your appearance in a way that you really
00:23:14identify yourself with this character, because you want to be part of this
00:23:18game, you can, you want to be part of this, sorry. This is his way
00:23:22of helping to break down prejudice against
00:23:24Muslims.
00:23:29I strongly believe that this prejudice and this
00:23:32animosity comes from the lack of knowledge, from ignorance.
00:23:36Maybe we can bridge this gap by giving them like accessible,
00:23:40playful way to learn something about the religion. These games are
00:23:43important. UN experts have warned that globally
00:23:46Islamophobia has reached alarming levels. The far right has
00:25:50Most games have moderators and community guidelines, but not
00:25:53everything gets flagged or removed. One
00:25:56common tactic is to modify in-game elements like character
00:25:59skins, environments, and even story lines to
00:26:32Through platforms like Steam, Twitch, and YouTube,
00:26:36extremist content and hate spread far beyond gaming
00:26:39communities.
00:26:45On Steam, researchers found nearly 2 million instances of
00:26:49extremist or hateful content. So there is a
00:26:52dark side to games definitely. But still, many
00:26:55games have proven that they can motivate us to think about issues and to make
00:26:59a change. Having fun whilst learning, that doesn't.
00:27:25faster, better, and more precise.
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