Google Cloud Speech-to-Text API (Chirp) + Gemini 2.5 Flash Non-Thinking. Treat it as a searchable index of what was broadcast, not a quotation record.
00:00:13This is the largest living structure on
00:00:16earth,
00:00:19when you think about coral reefs around the world, you think of Australia, you
00:00:23think of this world heritage listed site that just is so big you can see
00:00:27it from space, spanning in a... swath of
00:00:30Australia's east coast, the Great Berry Reef is home to
00:00:35coral nursery near the edge of about 9,000 species of marine
00:00:37life,
00:00:44when you put your mask on, you get into the water, you
00:00:47just have this whole world open up to you, but the
00:00:51temperature of these waters is rising, and the life
00:00:54sustaining reef is degrading at alarming
00:00:58rate.
00:01:05But now, marine biologist Emma Camp has found a
00:01:08glimmer of hope. You can see all along the roots here,
00:01:12there are corals. Discovering coral
00:01:15surviving in the most unexpected of
00:01:18places. It's part of the Rolex perpetual
00:01:21planet initiative. She's taking us to the outer reaches
00:01:24of this fragile ecosystem.
00:01:28We're cutting edge tools and creative ideas are being used to
00:01:31rethink refrestoration
00:01:34before it's too late. i
00:01:37fell a renewed sense of responsibility to next generation
00:01:41to say we aren't going to give up and the reef's not giving up.
00:02:06This is Australia's tropical far
00:02:09north.
00:02:11It's late February and today marine biologist Emma Camp and
00:02:15her team are in Port Douglas preparing for an
00:02:18important expedition to the great barrier
00:02:22reef, it's very carefully done in Reef.
00:02:25Their mission to find what's known as super coral or
00:02:29heat. tolerant species that could be key to saving parts of the
00:02:33reef. Emma's coral nurture program uses these
00:02:36hearty species to restore areas affected by climate
00:02:40change.
00:02:44A pioneer in this space, Emma has dedicated her career to
00:02:48finding and researching these super coral. We
00:02:51know that corals globally are having to contend with lots of stresses
00:02:55such as higher temperatures. So why are some corals able to
00:02:59contend with? conditions better than others, where are they
00:03:02found, how can we identify them, but also how can
00:03:06we learn from them? as a PhD student, Emma made a
00:03:09surprising discovery, becoming one of the first to find coral
00:03:13surviving in extreme conditions in
00:03:15mangroves.
00:03:18Since then, she's traveled the globe in search of the world's toughest
00:03:21coral, like here at their first stop,
00:03:25woody isles, a remote mangrove bay, about a
00:03:2830-minute boat ride. from shore, so we'll follow the man roves along or
00:03:32come into some of these channels later on when it's lower
00:03:35tired. this lagoon is has really harsh
00:03:39conditions, they're not conditions that typically we would expect to find
00:03:42corals. the temperature gets warm, it gets acidic
00:03:45and we get lower auction conditions, so the corals that are here have to be really
00:03:50Singleton, member of tough to survive all of those conditions.
00:03:53these sheltered waters are home to everything from deadly box
00:03:57jellyfish to the odd saltwater crocodile. so
00:04:01long, yet it is only a the team must keep their bodies completely covered and eyes peeled when jumping
00:04:05in.
00:04:08this is Emma's living laboratory, but it's not her usual office.
00:04:22people might be surprised even though I work and focus on studying
00:04:26the Great Bear Reef that I'm actually live and based in Sydney.
00:04:34For most of the year you'll find Emma here at the University of
00:04:38Technology Sydney where she leads the
00:04:42Future Reefs team. We're a team of about 20
00:04:45people and we're studying what makes corals resilient to
00:04:49environmental change, particularly stresses their intensifying under
00:04:53climate change, so warmer oceans, more acidic, low oxygen
00:04:56conditions.
00:05:01"there's a real risk in our lifetime that the great barreef, at least
00:05:04as we know it, will be
00:05:06lost.
00:05:09We need to be really, really alarmed by the fact that..." grease
00:05:12are this canary in the coal mine telling us, telling
00:05:16humanity that the environment is detrimentally being impacted. if
00:05:19we lose caries, we're going to see increased flooding risk of low-lying
00:05:23nations, we're going to see collapse of fish stocks, we're going to lose
00:05:27knowledge about certain medical compounds, so if you live in London, if
00:05:30you live in New York, away from a car reef, you will be
00:05:34impacted in some
00:05:49moved here from England in 2016, but her passion
00:05:52for the marine world sparked back when she was just seven during
00:05:56family holiday to the Caribbean. I vividly remember going into
00:06:00the water in there's just underwater city and all these fish and life and
00:06:03for me like that just like transformed my love for the
00:06:07ocean and the wonder for what is under the
00:06:10water.
00:06:14and it is this low she hopes to pass to her
00:06:17son yeah so here in
00:06:21sydney i met my husband we have a son tan near here
00:06:25he is four and a half going on
00:06:27five
00:06:29this see fish you see fish me
00:06:33and my mom love the great valley
00:06:36away what color are the corals meant to be
00:06:39not white because if they're white that means
00:06:44today, in a few months, Emma and her husband will welcome a baby girl
00:06:47into the family. Having Tony and having a little
00:06:51girl on the way, it's definitely changed my
00:06:53perspective. I always felt a responsibility to ensure there were reass for
00:06:57future generations, but it hits home differently when you have your own
00:07:01children and you realize the experiences that I'm giving them
00:07:04now, they may not have to show their
00:07:06children.
00:07:15back at woody isles, the tide has lowered dramatically,
00:07:18revealing the coral. you can see all along the roots
00:07:22here, there are corals, you can see a couple of pritis corals
00:07:26here, got some goniastra, so all of the yellows
00:07:29and they scattered all the way under the roots there as
00:07:31well.
00:07:34any corals that are found in this lagoon we can think of is
00:07:37being really tolerant to stress because we know through
00:07:41the sensors that we've... and through the water chemistry measurements that
00:07:44we take, how extreme these conditions are.
00:07:48yeah, we'll go back in a bit for
00:07:52the ones. just 10 years ago, experts didn't think coral could even be found
00:07:56here. now, emma and her team have found up to
00:07:5940 resilient coral species across the
00:08:02globe, and they use them as a blueprint for the
00:08:05team's refrestoration projects. there are another tool that
00:08:09we have to understand how corals may adapt to cl.
00:08:13but it's crucial that they find new super coral
00:08:16species, so with water samples frozen for analysis in the
00:08:20lab, they're off to the outer
00:08:23edges of the great barrier
00:08:26reef.
00:08:31Dr. Emma Camp is on her way to the very outer reaches of the Great
00:08:34Berry Reef to find heat tolerant super
00:08:38core.
00:08:43"It takes 90 minutes by boat to reach your team's research
00:08:46site. For this particular trip we've focused on six different
00:08:50coral species and we'll take about 10
00:08:54to 20 samples from each of those that will then bring
00:08:58back to the lab and
00:08:59analyze.
00:09:04This is opal reef perched near the
00:09:07edge of the Australian continental shelf. It
00:09:10stretches 10 km. is
00:09:14tiny part of the world's largest marine
00:09:17habitat.
00:09:20So I'm currently 28 weeks pregnant, so that means no
00:09:23diving for me on this trip, but luckily I have an amazing team who
00:09:27will be leading lot of the in water activities. This
00:09:30research trip is being led by Christine Roper, a former student of
00:09:34Emmas. So the idea is that we are going to be collecting six
00:09:38species of corals from the shallows and the deep. I think we're probably going to aim
00:09:42for about a... this size um, for all of the fragments that we need for
00:09:45the various analyses. It's her first major project since
00:09:49she finished her phd in 2024.
00:09:53So what I'm hoping to achieve with this research is that we would
00:09:56find that we can identify coral species and coral individuals
00:10:00with greater heat tolerance, but that are still able to maintain other
00:10:04traits that are really critical. We want them to be fast growers, we want
00:10:08them to provide good habitat for other organisms living on the
00:10:11reef.
00:10:15If the species are found to be super, that is, they can thrive in
00:10:18harsh conditions, the coral nurture program will
00:10:21prioritize growing them on their nurseries. and
00:10:25outplanting them on the reef to restore areas affected by
00:10:28bleaching. the crew buddy up, each
00:10:32assigned with a different coral to find, but when there are around
00:10:36600 species on the reef, it can be
00:10:39tricky. do you get excited for days like this?
00:10:42yep, definitely like trust in the team and know
00:10:46your species and you might have to pip it a
00:10:49little bit, but yeah it usually works though, getting in the
00:10:52water, getting out to site is is
00:10:55My favorite part of the job so it's always exciting, you never know what you're going to see
00:10:58under the water.
00:11:33The team scour the reef for the specific
00:11:35coral. They're working against a strong
00:11:39swell and low visibility due to a recent
00:11:42storm.
00:11:45But within 10 minutes the first branching species is
00:11:48spotted. The team collects samples and tag
00:11:52the colony ensuring it can be found again. for further
00:11:55testing,
00:12:00so this is one of our corals here, so what we'll do is take small fragments,
00:12:04using these bone cutters, cut them
00:12:06up,
00:12:09this coral is being prepared for range of tests,
00:12:13fragments are placed in viles ready for the lab in
00:12:15Sydney,
00:12:32coral DNA.
00:12:34So this is a coral that was collected on the great barry. We have to get the
00:12:38tissue off of the skeleton for us to actually be able to do the DNA
00:12:41extraction. So by looking at the DNA we can see if the coral itself is
00:12:45adapted to be more tolerant and how rather than the environment
00:12:49itself, maybe just providing some refuge for that
00:12:51coral. The samples from the Reef. help to direct the
00:12:55team's toolbox approach to refrestoration.
00:12:59any one time, there are 10 different projects going on
00:13:02here. this is our aquarium room and we've got some of the
00:13:05team in here setting up different bits of experiments and also bringing in
00:13:09some corals for an experiment that's about to stop. when it
00:13:13comes to refrestoration, no idea is off the
00:13:16table. today this team is looking into a relatively untouched
00:13:20area, coral nutrition, or what
00:13:23coral need to eat. to survive, this is a dunking
00:13:27carl and what we're going to do with this is that we'll be using it for feeding trailers,
00:13:31so we're going to be feeding the carl with different foods and we'll see how that infers some
00:13:34trataries onto the car. on the menu
00:13:37are microscopic brine shrimp that will be fed with
00:13:41different alges to see how it affects the coral. another
00:13:44team is working a novel idea, a supplement to
00:13:48help less tolerant coral survive mass bleaching
00:13:51events. a bit like us as humans when we run down we might...
00:13:55take a supplement to give us a boost, the same with the corals, so we're trying to
00:13:58actually create a supplement that we can deliver to corals when they're stressed
00:14:02to try and give them the extra nutrients and the resources that
00:14:06they require to survive through that period. so we're at an
00:14:09unprecedented time where the rate of coral loss and also
00:14:13the predicted rate of coral loss is you know is
00:14:16catastrophic, so we've got to think
00:14:28heat tolerance testing on these samples using this game
00:14:32changing device, the phenotyping machine can
00:14:36predict which species have the best chance of survival as water
00:14:40temperatures rise. this machine is basically able to expose the
00:14:43corals to stress, which um is sort of indicative of um what the corals go through
00:14:47in the natural environment periods of blade chain. hadley england
00:14:51helped develop the device as part of his phd
00:14:55results are ready in under an hour so basically we're
00:14:58looking at - acrapor humilius which is quite a common coral found around these
00:15:02parts um but it's also acceptable to lot of
00:15:05stress so once we've analysed all the raw data we get charts like
00:15:08this um then from this chart we can see that this coral here has
00:15:12much higher thermal tolerance which would make it an ideal candidate to
00:15:16plant out of the reef and try and repopulate some of these
00:15:18areas. we have limited
00:15:21resources we have limited time and
00:15:25We're up against it with the threats that the reass face, so we really need to be
00:15:29smarter with how we use our time and effort, and this is where
00:15:32phenotyping can be really
00:15:34valuable.
00:15:40It ensures only the toughest corals are outplanted
00:15:43on the reef, improving the resilience of these
00:15:47underwater gardens, one species a time.
00:16:09These divers are tending to a
00:16:13the great barrier reef.
00:16:16They're about a 90-minute boat ride from Port Douglas in the northeast of
00:16:20Australia on Opal
00:16:21Reef.
00:16:27Many of these species are what's known as heat tolerant super
00:16:31coral,
00:16:33meaning they have the best chance of surviving the impacts of climate change.
00:16:41Marine biologist Emma Camp is helping oversea today's
00:16:44expedition. The research her team does helps
00:16:48to guide the restoration efforts here. If we give corals, if we
00:16:52give nature a chance, they can build resilience, they can
00:16:55recover. It's all part of Emma's coral
00:16:58nurture program, which works with tourism
00:17:02operators, like the crew here on wavelength
00:17:05cruisers to restore and
00:17:08areas of the reef, combining science with community
00:17:11action. It's been estimated about 30 to 50% of
00:17:15live car on the great barry has been lost and future
00:17:19predictions are that that loss is going to continue. The
00:17:22challenges we face are so big that I know that I can't do it
00:17:25alone. Um, I know that my team can't do it alone, so it's how do we bring
00:17:29the right people together at the right time to make
00:17:32sure that we can get the best outcome for the
00:17:35reef.
00:17:38"the crew actively work to restore the sites where they take tourists
00:17:42multiple times a week, all supported by science from the
00:17:46university. most days we're out there tending the nurseries, planting the
00:17:50coral, making observations, doing
00:17:52monitoring, we we're not doing anything to
00:17:56distort the natural balance of the
00:18:00a very sort of light touchway, and that takes a lot of
00:18:03science actually to do that. the coral nurture program was founded by..."
00:18:09and after devastating mass bleaching event in
00:18:122016. Today there's been seven of these events
00:18:16in just 27 years on the reef and four recorded
00:18:19globally. As ocean temperatures sore,
00:18:23corals expel the alga living within its tissue,
00:18:27causing it to turn white, get sick and raise the odds
00:18:31of dying. We have had some major events which for
00:18:35everybody within wavelength was... really distressing
00:18:38because it's not just the coral that's affected, it's the fish, it's all the
00:18:41invertebrates, it's the whole
00:18:42community.
00:18:46there are now seven eco-tourism operators from across the region involved
00:18:49with Emma's program. I'm not on the reef every day and I haven't
00:18:53have that historical knowledge of the sites, which is what the tourism operators
00:18:57have, they can tell us about the sites, about the changes that have
00:19:00happened, and then we can use the science then guide the sorts
00:19:04of practices that should be done.
00:19:11about an hour south of port Douglass in Cans a tourist
00:19:15charter involved with the program is departing for the reef.
00:19:19Today it's carrying about 90 passengers, including members of the
00:19:22coral nurture program and traditional owner Gavin
00:19:27the irikanji, the original custodians of the
00:19:30coastline between Cans and Port
00:19:33Douglas.
00:19:38They're gearing up to outplant super cool with crew members from the
00:19:54reef. The team gets to work, diving deep
00:19:58below the surface, they find a shelf to plant
00:20:01coral.
00:20:20Gavin coordinates the irikanji searanger program that help
00:20:24out plant about once a month the great bay reef or the ocean
00:20:28is part of our identity, part of who we are, and if we had to
00:20:31lose that part of our identity we lose part of
00:20:34ourselves, the role of the sea range is pure. to
00:20:38look after our environment, our landscape, we hope to manage
00:20:42it from not just the natural heritage, natural
00:20:45values, but also the cultural heritage values of the reef as
00:20:48well. "the coral nurture program works with the
00:20:52rangers to help train the team and also learn
00:20:55from them. It's really important as us says yurakanji is
00:20:59to bring that different perspective in and
00:21:02working in with the science and the best practice. It's a matter of bringing
00:21:06these puzzle pieces together to solve some of these
00:21:09problems that we are
00:21:11facing.
00:21:26As of early 2025, the coral nurture program has outplanted
00:21:30more than 100 thousand coral on the
00:21:33reef,
00:21:37but Emma knows this is only a temporary solution.
00:21:41There's only so much we can do to kind of buy time for the reef, but we
00:21:44have to tackle climate change because if the temperatures keep
00:21:48increasing, we're going to be asked.
00:21:50too much of corals to survive through the environment that they're
00:21:54being faced with, it thanks to
00:21:56teams like this that emma remains optimistic about the
00:21:59future and that one day the work they're doing here can
00:22:03help reefs around the world. i feel a
00:22:07renewed sense of responsibility to next generation to say that
00:22:11we aren't going to give up and the reef's not giving
00:22:13up.
00:22:28I don't want to lose reefs and I don't want to have to explain to my
00:22:32son and to my daughter that we could have done more and we didn't do it, it should give
00:22:36us some hope when there isn't a lot of hope at the moment that actually
00:22:40corals want to try and survive, they're doing their part and now
00:22:44we need to do our part to try and help the correase also get
00:22:48through.
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