Google Cloud Speech-to-Text API (Chirp) + Gemini 2.5 Flash Non-Thinking. Treat it as a searchable index of what was broadcast, not a quotation record.
00:00:00that we don't see any major obstacles to extending those 43 seconds
00:00:04to 100, 200 or even 500
00:00:06seconds.
00:00:12the successful attempt relied a new approach, instead of
00:00:16feeding hydrogen gas through a valve, researchers use tiny
00:00:19frozen hydrogen
00:00:20pellets,
00:00:25they're shot in through kind of blowpipe like the ones we made back in
00:00:28school, but these pellets are propelled by pressurized
00:00:32gas. They dissolve, melt, and quickly
00:00:35vaporize, becoming plasma. So there's a
00:00:38constant supply of plasma, like shoveling coal into a
00:00:41furnace.
00:00:46The heat in this furnace is contained by magnetic fields
00:00:49generated by a complex array of magnets.
00:00:53They keep the plasma from touching the chamber walls, because
00:00:57contact would cool it down instantly.
00:01:00Designing the W7X magnet configuration required
00:01:04supercomputers and years of
00:01:05planning.
00:01:08So when can we expect the first Fusion Reactor to go
00:01:11online?
00:01:16A conservative estimate says sometime in the second half of the
00:01:19century (2060 or 2070, something like
00:01:23that). But it's pointless to speculate, because
00:01:26we could also take a much bolder unconventional approach. In
00:01:30fact, many startups are doing that.
00:01:34There are now about 50 fusion startups worldwide, taking a
00:01:37variety of approaches. They're aiming for success in the
00:01:412030s, which is practically tomorrow, but whether it will
00:01:44be the 2030s or the 2070s is something that no
00:01:48one can say for
00:01:48sure.
00:01:53For now, the accelerator is undergoing
00:01:56I feel proud that we are taking action in maintenance with number of upgrades scheduled over the next few months.
00:02:01Then W7X will be back and chasing new
00:02:04records.
00:02:09Did you know that nuclear fission, the process behind nuclear power
00:02:13today, is considered more dangerous than nuclear
00:02:16fusion. Fission accidents can release massive
00:02:19amounts of radioactive material, as happened in
00:02:23Fukushima and Chernobyl. Fusion
00:02:26is safer and doesn't produce high-level radioactive
00:02:29waste. must be stored safely for millennia,
00:02:32yet Finland is betting a future powered by nuclear
00:02:35fission.
00:02:40The Olkiluoto peninsula on Finland's west coast is
00:02:44one of the country's most important energy hubs. It's
00:02:48home to three nuclear reactor
00:02:50a a units. The newest one went into commercial operation in
00:02:532023. The turbine hall is where the massive generators
00:02:57are located. They're driven by heat. from the reactor, which
00:03:01is how the electricity is
00:03:02produced.
00:03:05Olkiluoto 3 has capacity of 1600
00:03:09megawatts, making it one of the largest nuclear reactors in the
00:03:12EU. the facility covers about 14% of Finland's
00:03:16electricity production.
00:03:19the company's press officer says public concerns were
00:03:22minimal. we have been measuring for 40 years
00:03:25this, what people fear and what, what, how do they like
00:03:29nuclear power and... they they like
00:03:32nuclear power a lot today, they are not afraid of the
00:03:35waste, it's not a major concern anymore, we
00:03:39have a solution here in Olkiluoto, so the support
00:03:42for nuclear is good in every
00:03:45party, but there were some problems here
00:03:49too, construction was supposed to last from 2005 to
00:03:532009, but in the end it took 14 additional
00:03:56years, the project was plagued with delays inc. loose
00:04:00parts in the turbine and issues with the instrumentation and
00:04:04control system. after multiple repairs, the final cost
00:04:07had 11 billion euros, about four times the original
00:04:11budget. so we were we were pioneers, so there was
00:04:15a long break that nobody was building here in western
00:04:18Europe nuclear power,
00:04:21so the readiness to build was not
00:04:25very good, and also the power plant was new
00:04:28design and... was uh not
00:04:32designed in detail level, so
00:04:35plans were changed during the project, but
00:04:39there were no protests over the delays and soaring
00:04:42costs, and now the new plant is delivering
00:04:45electricity to the country. as in
00:04:48France, in Finland, nuclear energy is considered green
00:04:51energy. the operator has proudly called the new
00:04:55reactor Finland's largest climate
00:04:57project.
00:05:01Finland is one of several European nations investing in nuclear
00:05:05energy. New reactors are underway in
00:05:08France, Czechia and Slovakia, while
00:05:10Poland is preparing to build its electricity
00:05:54will be far cheaper with nuclear power than without
00:05:57it. the Finnish operators don't understand
00:06:01Germany's nuclear phase out, because big
00:06:03country like Germany, very big country, so if
00:06:07you want to reach reach 100% renewables
00:06:11and electricity. systems, we haven't seen
00:06:14it yet in a big country, so all the best for the
00:06:18for this challenging effort
00:06:21that that you can hopefully
00:06:24do without nuclear power, but our solution
00:06:28is is nuclear and renewables
00:06:30together. the Finns have also found a solution
00:06:34for the nuclear waste. geologist Johanna
00:06:38Savunen is on her way to the construction site near the power
00:06:41plants. At more than 450 meters
00:06:44below ground, the world's first permanent repository for
00:06:48high-level radioactive waste is taking
00:06:51shape.
00:06:54Underground tunnels will soon store spent fuel rods for thousands of
00:06:58years. The nuclear waste bunker has attracted
00:07:01worldwide attention.
00:07:04I feel proud,
00:07:08a difficult matter and not just waiting for some...
00:07:12others to show the way. I feel that this
00:07:15is an issue that needs to be solved and I'm I feel proud that
00:07:19Finland is doing exactly that.
00:07:23300 meters long and carved into granite bedrock,
00:07:26the tunnels will one day store highly radioactive nuclear
00:07:30waste. An elevator will bring the copper canisters
00:07:34filled with spent fuel elements down into the
00:07:37repository. Each canister will be placed in a
00:07:40hole. The holes and... tunnel will be plugged with
00:07:43bentonite and the tunnel finally will be sealed with
00:07:47concrete. the Onkalo repository will go
00:07:50online in 2026. the
00:07:53waste will remain here for over 100 thousand years
00:07:56until it is only minimally radioactive.
00:07:59radioactive waste is quite
00:08:03difficult subject and people don't know a lot about
00:08:07it, so people tend to be afraid of something they don't know
00:08:10about.
00:08:13Many Finns place great trust in the work of their
00:08:15scientists. They believe that nuclear power is
00:08:19the best choice, and that a mix of wind power and
00:08:22nuclear energy will secure an emissions free
00:08:25future.
00:08:32Finland places great value on energy independence, and over the past
00:08:36decades that's worked quite well thanks to their use of nuclear
00:08:39power. So you could say their decisions make sense.
00:09:42with electricity for decades to
00:09:44come.
00:09:50By 2030, Germany aims to generate 80%
00:09:54of its electricity from renewables like wind and solar
00:09:58power. A key part of this green energy
00:10:01transition is battery storage. It
00:10:04stores excess energy for later use when demand is high.
00:10:08That helps stabilize the power grid and prevent overloads.
00:10:57By Spring 2026, a new battery system will be running
00:11:01here. It can deliver 50 megawatts of
00:11:04electricity about the output of a small gas
00:11:07plant for 4
00:11:08hours.
00:11:11Because it's plugged straight into the grid, the battery can
00:11:15store surplus renewable power and release it when demand
00:11:18rises, turning those swings into
00:11:21profit.
00:11:55Think of it like squirrels gathering nuts. We trade every
00:11:5915 minutes, often the same energy again and
00:12:01again. Sometimes it's just tiny price differences,
00:12:05but over time you scoop up the returns. This
00:12:09business model has been tested for about 10 years with a 15 megawatt
00:12:13hour pilot system. German grid operators have received
00:12:16speculative requests for battery projects totaling 500
00:12:20gigawatts, far above the country's peak demand.
00:12:24If all were built. their combined capacity could for a few
00:12:27hours match the output of roughly 500 nuclear power
00:12:31plants.
00:12:33with growing flexibility, more storage systems and more
00:12:36collocations, meaning more pairing of renewable plants with ensite battery
00:12:40storage, the price gaps will gradually
00:12:42disappear.
00:12:47on April 28th, 2025, Spain and
00:12:50Portugal were hit by a massive blackout. Volt
00:12:54spiked beyond safe limits, shutting down over 20 gigawatts of
00:12:58plants, including four nuclear reactors.
00:13:01The grid's heartbeat its frequency, became
00:13:04unstable. Could battery storage systems have prevented
00:13:08it?
00:13:11We've observed the same thing that happened in Spain and Portugal here in our control
00:13:15room.
00:13:19CTO at transmission grid operator Amprion, helps
00:13:23keep Germany's grid stable.
00:13:25He says a blackout like the one that happened in Spain and Portugal can't happen
00:13:29in Germany thanks to backup systems, but if
00:13:33batteries are to join that safety net, they must do more than store
00:13:36energy. They need to help steady the grid's pulse by
00:13:40supplying reactive power on demand.
00:13:54In Spain.
00:14:25"we won't be able to build large-scale battery storage, even
00:14:28though it's essential for our future
00:14:30grid. that's a crucial
00:14:34point. so far, fossil plants have supplied
00:14:37reactive power almost automatically. the grid
00:14:40operator asks for it, the generators provide it, and
00:14:44electricity flows smoothly, but coal
00:14:47and lignite are set to be phased out by 2038 at the
00:14:50latest. once they're gone, reactive power won't come
00:14:54automatic." so a formal market needs to secure
00:14:58supply. the big question is, can batteries deliver
00:15:01during the dark doldrums, those long stretches with little sun or
00:15:05wind.
00:15:08battery storage is being put to the test here. what role
00:15:12will they play in tomorrow's energy system? with mega
00:15:16batteries on the rise, do we even need
00:15:18new backup gas plants at
00:15:20all?
00:15:25Sauer is a researcher at Aachen Technical University, he studies
00:15:29how the power grid will need to change with the energy
00:15:31transition.
00:15:34These battery storage systems will make us much more independent.
00:16:37but we need gas plants, and in the
00:16:40medium term, gas plants that run on hydrogen or
00:16:43hydrogen-related products.
00:16:46operated with products.
00:16:50so batteries won't get us through long winter lulls, but
00:16:53they're vital for the energy transition. they're able to
00:16:57steady electricity prices and in the future, the grid
00:17:00itself. and with new battery sights popping up
00:17:04across Germany, that's another big advantage.
00:17:38By contrast, hydrogen can hold huge amounts of energy
00:17:42for months, but producing hydrogen takes
00:17:46a lot of energy, ideally from renewable
00:17:49sources. That's what makes it green hydrogen,
00:17:53and it's being produced in places you might not
00:17:56expect.
00:18:00The Fuchsenhofen wastewater plant does more than treat
00:18:04sewage. It's also hosting an experiment.
00:19:54likes the idea, but says that even at scale it won't produce enough hydrogen to
00:19:57decarbonize heavy industry like steel production. that's
00:20:01why government and industry are looking to hydrogen from Africa, but
00:20:05Egli warns against putting too much faith.
00:20:37and his team studied them and say only about 2%
00:20:41shown here in light yellow could deliver
00:20:44affordable green hydrogen to Europe.
00:20:48Most are in North Africa.
00:22:58Good evening,
00:22:59please,
00:23:03let's see what the strongest
00:23:04impression is,
00:23:08from September 20th, "Impression of the Week" with Olja
00:23:11Bećković, exclusively on
00:23:13M1.
00:23:16The procedure for protecting the economy in Serbia takes an average of
00:23:20about nine years,
00:23:23the material aspect, even after the proclamation
00:23:27represents a significant
00:23:29item,
00:23:32we are, according to the website Protected Planet, in
00:23:3639th place out of 40 European
00:23:38countries.
00:23:42It is extremely important to protect due to the diversity of plant and
00:23:46animal life found within these protected areas.
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00:30:12The election campaign has only officially begun, but the
00:30:15participants are changing compared to how everything looked in the
00:30:19previous few months, some are giving up, some cannot
00:30:23form coalitions, some are not giving up on the election race at all, our
00:30:26guest today is Professor of the Faculty of Political Sciences
00:30:30Dušan Spasović, good day, thank you very much for being here, good
00:30:33day, how do you view the latest developments
00:30:37when we talk about uh, here specifically
00:30:41the opposition, one colony of the opposition that has
00:30:44decided to withdraw from this election
00:30:47race? these are quite difficult decisions,
00:30:50uh, we know that with parties that have already made those decisions
00:30:54that there are uh disagreements, some people
00:30:57want to go to the elections, some don't.