Google Speech-to-Text API Automatic Transcription (Chirp). Treat it as a searchable index of what was broadcast, not a quotation record.
00:00:09in
00:00:32of
00:00:40in
00:00:59of
00:01:14Jesus
00:01:18of
00:01:27of
00:01:36of "the orthodox faith and Russia's cultural identity go
00:01:40hand-in- hand, and one
00:01:41of the bastians
00:01:42of the religion is the Sovietsky monastery here in Russia's
00:01:46far
00:01:47a north. For centuries, people have been coming to these islands to connect more deeply
00:01:50with their spiritual side and with nature, and that's exactly what we're
00:01:54going to do this
00:01:55week."
00:01:59"
00:02:05of
00:02:32of of
00:02:42of in
00:02:52The Solideski Monastery is often described as a
00:02:55stronghold of Russian orthodoxy and it does look like a
00:02:59fortress. I don't think... ever seen such defensive walls made
00:03:02from massive irregular-shaped bolders like this? is that how it
00:03:06was originally conceived
00:03:08of as of both a place of worship and defensive
00:03:11outpost? here's what you
00:03:14need to understand, the key thing is that this place was dedicated to
00:03:18God from the very beginning. two people who
00:03:22were really devout believers came over the
00:03:25of sea, of they were looking for the most suitable place where they could serve
00:03:29of god.
00:03:30nothing else on their minds, there's this main orthodox maxim
00:03:33or
00:03:34of rule, the most acetic thing you can do, which is to renounce
00:03:38worldly pleasures, live in poverty, and devote yourself entirely to
00:03:42penance and praying for the whole world. they arrived at this
00:03:45place,
00:03:46of guided by their faith alone, and consecrated
00:03:49it. they put up
00:03:51a cross first and then a church, so they dedicated this place to
00:03:54God, and then miracles
00:03:56of began. any divine miracle on this earth.
00:04:06of
00:04:26of of
00:04:30"Well, it's no
00:04:32in secret that the Salivitski islands have a somewhat
00:04:35dark past. People were exiled here for their faith, there was
00:04:39sieges, destruction, but how they managed
00:04:42of to maintain their religious significance through these
00:04:46trying times. Suffering is
00:04:49an inevitable part
00:04:50of of life for an orthodox
00:04:52of christian, as the scripture says, tribulation
00:04:56worketh patience, patience,
00:04:58of experience, and
00:04:59of experience.
00:05:24important thing is to try to be like God,
00:05:27The most cleanse yourself
00:05:28from passions
00:05:32and suffering helps, but I mean suffering that God
00:05:36sends our way, the stronger your spirit is, the more you can
00:05:39bear, and God will send you. suffering to
00:05:43bear, this place has a complex history, the initial
00:05:47period of great asceticism was followed by a period of much
00:05:51suffering, which resulted a great gathering so to speak, of
00:05:54this holy capital and grace that everyone can feel around
00:05:58here, that's where it comes from, from
00:06:01people devoting themselves to God throughout this place is long
00:06:05history, and even the marters who were
00:06:09exiled to this camp ended up devoting themselves to God, true. 'they
00:06:12came here against their will, but if it was God's will to send them
00:06:16here, where these walls steeped in prayer, helped them bear
00:06:20their suffering, they didn't turn it down, and
00:06:24endured the suffering as Christians, imitating
00:06:26Christ, this is, I believe, the source of divine
00:06:30grace that everyone can feel here, and what brought you here
00:06:34personally, I'm very different, of course
00:06:38from those who came here in the past, but like them'.
00:06:42"I think I wanted to devote myself more
00:06:44fully, using this opportunity that God gave
00:06:48me. At some point, I felt that
00:06:52serving God was the worthiest thing to do in life, and what was the
00:06:56best option for me, average man to serve God, a
00:06:59monastery. Just like in the old days, this format still attracts
00:07:03people who want this path in life. Grant, times have
00:07:06changed, and our measure of spiritual power is no match to our
00:07:10predecessors, but the essence still remains." This
00:07:13place is really beneficial for those wanting to devote themselves to
00:07:17God. Is
00:07:18there any chance we can look inside the monastery? Let's go and take a
00:07:22look.
00:07:33To people outside the church, monastic life can seem like a
00:07:37withdrawal from the world, but what does it mean to you in
00:07:40reality?
00:09:14'What have the Salivitski islands taught you about yourself and
00:09:17life in general? What it taught me about myself,
00:09:21life on the Salavietski islands has taught me that many of my perceptions of
00:09:25myself were wrong.
00:09:27I somehow thought I had great spiritual power. I read all the great
00:09:31monastic books before joining a monastery. I
00:09:35imagined that I was almost a match for the spiritual fathers the days gone
00:09:39by. I thought
00:09:41I would enter a monastery'. demonstrates similar powers of selflessness, prayer,
00:09:45frugality and so on. I had a reality
00:09:48check. When we join, we're full of illusions, but these are good
00:09:51illusions, because God guides
00:09:54us. You observe the
00:09:57commandments and monastic rights. You experience ups and
00:10:00downs. You learn more about who you really are, and you realize you
00:10:04have much more inner frailty than you thought, but then you have God who
00:10:08helps you along the way, even slotful monks like me.
00:10:12if they at least try feel that the monastic union is very
00:10:16strong, that union is very
00:10:18meaningful. speaking of what i've
00:10:22learned about life in my time on the...
00:10:24It's this, the best thing you can do in life is to devote
00:10:28yourself to God. You don't have to enter a
00:10:31monastery. I personally am grateful that I'm a monastery,
00:10:35yet others have their own paths to follow, be that family life or public
00:10:39service, still the most important thing, and really the only
00:10:42thing we as God's creatures should do on earth is to
00:10:46serve God, which can take different forms. This is the source of
00:10:50happiness and meaning in life, even though it's inseparable from
00:10:54struggle.
00:11:07The Solomonski islands are home to mysterious, ancient stone
00:11:11labyrinths that some link to the afterlife and the mythical lost land of
00:11:15hyperborea. So let's go and find out
00:11:17more.
00:11:27Yecatarina, who constructed these mazes and when I read
00:11:31number of hypothesis as to what they were used for back in the day, and
00:11:35they include ancient calendars, traps for
00:11:39fish, and a place where rituals were
00:11:43conducted. Do you know what archaeologists today think is the most likely
00:11:47of those? From this vantage
00:11:51point we have a good view these stone mounds, using samy mythology.
00:12:33symbolic traps were used to catch symbolic prey to ensure
00:12:37good luck and appease the spirits. this hypothesis can be partially
00:12:40supported by the fact that these mazes are found in locations which until
00:12:44recently were used for hunting sea animals and
00:12:47fishing. a dramatically different approach was proposed in the
00:12:50mid-1900s. scientists discovered that some the mounts had dark.
00:12:55sand with bits of charcoal underneath them, supposedly leftovers
00:12:59from paris. others contained burned bones of sea animals, birds,
00:13:03fish, hunting and fishing tools, which could come in handy afterlife as
00:13:07well. based on those findings, they suggested that this
00:13:10place was used for a variety of rituals. in light of this hypothesis,
00:13:14the archipelago and their
00:13:18multitude of ritual structures can be seen as a major ancient
00:13:21religious center here on the white sea.
00:13:34And now perhaps for the most enchanting site the Salavietski
00:13:38islands have to offer: Beluga Wales. Every
00:13:41summer these remarkable and highly intelligent creatures gather here and put
00:13:45a spectacular
00:13:46show.
00:13:50Valeria. It's amazing to think that we're so close to the balougers now that we
00:13:54can actually hear them. breathing and communicating between
00:13:57themselves, so they use this bay not only as a breeding ground,
00:14:01but also a nursery, why here? what's so special about
00:14:04it? the circularski
00:14:08current is cold and goes around the Solomonski islands
00:14:11counterclockwise at depths between 5 and 50
00:14:14meters. its temperature is about 3 to 4 degrees throughout the
00:14:18year. the literal is the shore zone between the high tide
00:14:22and low tide points. it's 5 km. long and 400
00:14:26meters wide here, while the water rises for 6
00:14:29hours, its temperature can get up to 14 to 16
00:14:33degrees a sunny day. during low tide, the water
00:14:37withdraws from the literal
00:14:38and the surface current brings warm water towards Cape
00:14:41Beluji, so you get a spot of warm water with a temperature
00:14:45of about 10 to 12 degrees here, whereas it would be just
00:14:49f to six degrees on the surface the open sea. it's twice as
00:14:53warm here as in the open sea. explains why Beluga whales who
00:14:57live in the straight between Carelia and the Soloveski islands try to
00:15:01come here during each low tide in the summer, roughly between June
00:15:0410th and August 20th. Okay so let me feel the water for
00:15:08myself, yeah it's still
00:15:12still pretty nippy for me. It's the Arctic Ocean, the
00:15:16white sea is part the Arctic Ocean, it's it's southern most
00:15:20bayers, they called the Canaries the sea
00:15:24because the high... whistles, clicks and and chirps that
00:15:27they make, i know that scientists are working a way to decode
00:15:31whale speak using AI, do you think they'll ever manage to do
00:15:35that and we'll actually
00:15:36be able to understand them?
00:16:07types of sounds, including clicks, chirps, screaching
00:16:11noises, whistles and many others. these
00:16:15sounds are arranged into patterns, series of repeated
00:16:18sounds that denote certain social behaviors,
00:16:22along the lines of hi, bye, let's play, there's a fish,
00:16:26go away, etc. when males arrive at Cape Belusi during the
00:16:30mating season, between July 20th and August 10th, they tracked
00:16:33females by displaying their size as they jump out the water, as
00:16:37high as they can and fall back sideways, making a large
00:16:41splash and lot of noise. female belugas like their boys
00:16:45big and fat, they must be good hunters so that
00:16:48they may have a greater chance of fothering good offspring,
00:16:52and they also scream, showcasing the power their vocal
00:16:56apparatus. the louder a male's voice, the louder his offspring
00:17:00will be able to scream, and consequently, the longer their
00:17:04range of vision underwater. that's why these... scream during the
00:17:08mating season, beluga girls also prefer foreign
00:17:11boys, there are only about 200 thousand them on planet earth, so
00:17:15they try to choose males who were born in the most remote
00:17:19communities, thus white sea bilugas will choose
00:17:22males from the sea of ahotsk over the local boys to
00:17:26lower the chances of inbreeding, how can they tell
00:17:30foreigners from home boys, well bolugas have 40 sound
00:17:33patterns to use the scientific term, but you can call it a
00:17:37primitive language of about 40 words, and each community
00:17:41has its own dialect the Beluga language. Therefore
00:17:45males sing their entire vocabulary during mating display, hence the
00:17:48nickname sea cannery. Apparently sailors who observed
00:17:52them during those mating games gave them that name, and hence also the Russian
00:17:56saying to yell like baluga. The Russian word Beluga
00:18:00actually refers to the Beluga sturgian, but people in mainland
00:18:04Russia who never seen Wales heard the word. Beluga, the
00:18:08local pomor term for the Beluga whale, and confused it with
00:18:12Beluga. Beluga whales can indeed get very loud during the
00:18:16mating season, they yell, they shout, they jump, there
00:18:20are many them, there can be up to 20 males in a pod, and there
00:18:23are 40 bugas living here, they all get together, rub sides against each
00:18:27other and get to know each other, it's typical behavior for them, so we already
00:18:31know about their language, since 1992, there's
00:18:35been a station to observe whales
00:18:37and the... natural habitat operating on cape Beluji,
00:18:40scientists that come here from the seamalls department the
00:18:44oceanology institute the Russian Academy of Sciences, put up
00:18:47tower made of scaffolding at the tip of Cape Beluji, climb
00:18:51up there during low tide, and use cameras with high quality
00:18:55lenses to photograph the whale's backs. when they swim under the
00:18:59ice, belugas scratch their backs, resulting in individual scar
00:19:03patterns like human fingerprints, so scientists take pictures the...
00:19:08backs, create
00:19:08a database and most importantly observe the behaviors the
00:19:11identified animals. At the same time, hydrophones are brought into
00:19:15capture sounds and audible frequencies are modified to fit
00:19:19into our hearing range. All sounds are
00:19:22systematized and mapped against observable
00:19:25behaviors. This is
00:19:29how it was determined that
00:19:31Belugugas.
00:19:37search continues because different whale communities have different
00:19:41dialects, so their sound patterns for the same behaviors may be
00:19:44different. so yes, scientists are very close
00:19:48to being able to communicate with whales. really? so they're very
00:19:52intelligent creatures then, and guess that's why they're one of very
00:19:56few species that can recognize themselves in the
00:19:59mirror. what, what? hello
00:20:03to you too. this is a sign that are
00:20:07self. aware that they can recognize themselves a mirror is just
00:20:10one manifestation of that. Belugas have names, there are
00:20:14sound patterns associated with each particular beluga. In a group,
00:20:18beluga addressing another beluga begins its message by saying its
00:20:22counterparts name. Basically we're talking about rudimentary
00:20:26consciousness. They're one the smartest species on planet
00:20:29earth. First, humans, then higher primates,
00:20:33and Belugas and orkas are in third place.
00:20:50males reach six eight years of age, they leave the maternal
00:20:53community, get together in pods and migrate across their
00:20:57entire habitat, but they never forget where they came from and
00:21:01who their relatives are, they know each other, they have
00:21:05well-developed facial muscles, beluga calf
00:21:08nurses during the first two years of his life, the mother
00:21:12squeezes out her milk, which is very fatty, about
00:21:1540% fat content, into water which is cold and
00:21:19salt. so the calf doesn't suck the milk out the mother's
00:21:23teeth, but instead sips on this undalating ball
00:21:27of fat. that's why having mobile facial muscles is essential for
00:21:31belugas survival during the first two years of life. they have facial
00:21:34expressions, they're the only ocean dwellers that can smile, which they
00:21:38do deliberately. valery, i think one's swimming quite close to us
00:21:42now. now
00:21:46you can see it much more clearly, it's obviously don't have a door.
00:21:50fin like dolphins or orkers, why is that? what's the
00:21:53advantage? there's a long strip of ice forming along the
00:21:57coast and winter, 12 to 25 km on each side.
00:22:00balugas swim under that ice to hunt for fish. a dorsal
00:22:04fin could become a problem under these circumstances. why?
00:22:08because belugas go up to the surface near small cracks to get a breath
00:22:12of air so they can stay under the eyes for longer. the absence of
00:22:16a dorsal fin helps them get to the surface in very tight blacks.
00:22:20and ice holes, and they don't really need it because they're very
00:22:23slow. their typical speed is 5 to8
00:22:26km/h, so they can accelerate to 20 when
00:22:30hunting, but they don't need a dorsal fin to maneuver a horizontal
00:22:34plane, instead of a fin, they have a thick strip of
00:22:38skin, which helps them break off thin ice inside ice
00:22:41holes when surfacing. by doing so, bagus
00:22:45consciously keep the ice holes they need for breathing ice
00:22:49free. critically important in winter, a dorsal fin
00:22:52wouldn't just be useless, it would be a burden, right?
00:22:56okay, let's talk about their color, valerio, or rather their
00:23:00lack of it. i can understand that being white would be an advantage when
00:23:04you're swimming in the arctic sea amongst the icebergs, but
00:23:08here being white makes them highly visible, does it not make them
00:23:12also vulnerable to predators? the question is, why would they need
00:23:16white skin? the only explanation that can be found.
00:23:36under the permanent polar ice cap where they can be hunted by polar
00:23:39bears. Belugas have the distinction of being prey
00:23:43both for the killer whale, the top ocean predator
00:23:47and the polar bear, their largest. land predator on
00:23:51earth, so how do they survive? well, they hide under ice from
00:23:54orkas and try to remain inconspicuous for polar
00:23:58bears when they surface. it's during this time when belugas get to the
00:24:02surface from under polarize that their white color works as
00:24:06camouflage, otherwise it makes them very conspicuous.
00:24:09apparently attacks by polar bears are mechanism of
00:24:13natural selection. the survival rates the whitest males
00:24:17who blend in with the ice is higher, they're darker. Cousins get
00:24:20discarded, so this trade is reinforced in their species. Oh, Valerie,
00:24:24thanks so much for telling me all about these amazing animals. Thank
00:24:28you.
00:25:2410 parties competing for the support of more than 100
00:25:28million voters in the race for
00:25:31450 seats, who will
00:25:34fail and who will
00:25:37prevail?
00:26:11Курильский десант - это операция, она восстановила
00:26:14суверенитет России над курильскими островами, которые мы
00:26:18потеряли во второй половине XIX века. На
00:26:22островах Парамушира Шумшу здесь 2000 человек было взята в плен
00:26:25японцев. Первый остров Кулиской
00:26:29горяды с севера - это шумшу.
00:28:32In 1918, the countries the west won the final
00:28:36victory over the Ottoman Empire. The Sultan's government
00:28:40capitalated to the Intante and signed the humiliating
00:28:44armistics of Mudros. Great
00:28:47Britain, France and Italy wanted not only to destroy the
00:28:51Ottoman Empire, but also to divide the primordially
00:28:55Turkish lands among themselves. In 1919,
00:28:59their armies began to land on Turkish territory. but the
00:29:03west decided to choose Greece as the main striking force,
00:29:07seeking to make others realize its aggressive
00:29:10plans. foreign intervention provoked mass
00:29:13indignation among the Turkish people. the national
00:29:17liberation struggle was led by the experienced general
00:29:21Mustafa Kamal Ataturk. In order to bear down the
00:29:25enemy, he banked on the mobilization the nation and the
00:29:29alliance with Russia, which acted as a united front. with
00:29:32Turkish Patriots. At the end of August
00:29:351922, Ataturk's army won decisive
00:29:39victory over the invaders in the battle of
00:29:42Doomelinar and within a month liberated all
00:29:45Asia minor from them. The impressive success the Turkish
00:29:49Army forced the west to make concessions. In
00:29:531923, the Lasan peace treaty was
00:29:56signed. Turkey, one the first countries in
00:30:00Asia, managed to defeat the... Empires and
00:30:04defend its independence, becoming an example for
00:30:07millions the oppressed on the
00:30:09planet.
00:30:28Hello and welcome to worlds apart. For years.
00:30:32multitasking or having it all has been praised as both
00:30:36necessity and a privilege of modern life. originating
00:30:40in the west, it quickly spread around the globe, especially to the
00:30:43fast growing economies the east. it creates prosperity,
00:30:47but also takes away from the things that can never be fully
00:30:51enumerated, like family bonds or traditional culture. and the
00:30:55question is, can they to be bridged? well, to discuss that i'm now
00:30:59joined by