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00:00:26Mexico to be tried and convicted
00:00:30in the United States for
00:00:33drug trafficking. It was incredible to be there
00:00:36to hear these testimonies and to be
00:00:39able to learn
00:00:42exactly how drug cartels work
00:00:45and how they can operate with the
00:00:48support, many times, of government officials. Covering a federal
00:00:52trial in the United States is always a difficult task,
00:00:56you have to arrive at the court very early to secure
00:01:00a place inside the courthouse, but also because cameras are not
00:01:03allowed to record what is
00:01:06happening in the courtroom, so you have to take notes,
00:01:10imagine 8 hours taking notes of everything that
00:01:14is said, everything that happens to be able to report it to
00:01:56the data, ready for whatever
00:02:45nothing and continued
00:03:11trade is the spearhead new study on the future of Latin America carried out
00:03:15by a commission of right-wing and left-wing figures that has just been
00:03:18published by the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean of the
00:03:21United Nations, ECLAC, the study was
00:03:25co-chaired by the executive secretary of ECLAC José Miguel Salazar
00:03:28Chirinax. The former left-wing president of Chile, Michelle
00:03:32Bachelet, and the former right-wing president of Colombia, Iván
00:03:35Duque. Let's continue with Secretary Salazar Chirinax and former
00:03:39President Duque, as we told you in the previous segment, former President
00:03:42Bachelet was supposed to be with us, but she canceled at the last minute due to the flu,
00:03:46we hope to have her very soon. Let's continue with the
00:03:49interview. Your report
00:03:52provides a statistic that, when I read it, left me
00:03:56cold. It says that in terms of interregional trade,
00:04:00that is, trade between Latin American countries, Latin
00:04:05the America, instead of moving forward, is going point of reference to find out what's backward. That is, your report of, shall we say,
00:04:07says that interregional trade between Latin
00:04:11American countries fell from 21%
00:04:15of the region's total trade in 2008 to
00:04:1914% in 2024.
00:04:23Comparatively, in Europe, interregional trade, trade
00:04:26between European countries, is more than 60%.
00:04:31So all the presidential summits that have been held to
00:04:36break, when we return we will talk to promote Latin American integration, all these great speeches, these great final
00:04:39declarations, were useless. I don't know if the
00:04:43word should be presidential summits or not presidential
00:04:46summits, but clearly that is an issue that we have
00:04:49to resolve, Andrés, because historically we have integrated
00:04:53much more with the world, today we have more trade with the United States
00:04:57than we had before, more trade with Europe than we had
00:05:00before, more trade with Asia than we had before, and in Latin
00:05:04America, intra-regionally, it is only 14% of our
00:05:08exports, what do we have to do? Increase it and
00:05:11increase it. Where? as the report also says,
00:05:15we have shown great progress in interregional
00:05:18trade of manufactures, that already shows
00:05:21us that there is potential, but we also have to take it to other sectors, and
00:05:25have greater intraregional trade like Asia has, like
00:05:28Europe has, we are talking about levels that exceed 30, 40%,
00:05:32well, that makes us less vulnerable and helps
00:05:36us to develop value chains within Latin
00:05:39America, so more than focusing on whether the
00:05:43presidential summits were useful or not, we clearly need
00:05:46to de-ideologize that
00:05:48commercial integration and I'll give you a very specific example of what happened with the Pacific Alliance that was born
00:05:52in 2012 and that,
00:05:55regardless of government changes,
00:05:59it advanced, it deepened trade and then in President
00:06:02López Obrador's government, perhaps due to ideological
00:06:06prejudices, Ecuador's entry was stopped, the continuity of the
00:06:09alliance was discouraged and... it is perhaps at its weakest
00:06:13level in the last 12 years, so the message that one can also
00:06:17convey from the report is this: it does not need
00:06:20to be full of ideological prejudices, integration is not
00:06:24left-wing or right-wing and, on the contrary, it strengthens us, it
00:06:28opens up business opportunities and makes us less vulnerable,
00:06:31yes, Andrés, to complement with a couple of data and
00:06:35ideas, this that President Duque
00:06:39has said is very correct, it's a 14% on average,
00:06:43but we have to understand that what happens is that
00:06:47in the last 20 years, the exports of the countries of the
00:06:50region to the rest of the world have increased very
00:06:54very strongly not only in goods but also in services in some cases, so
00:06:57that as this data of 14% is
00:06:5914% of total exports, that doesn't mean that
00:07:03they have decreased, they have decreased in proportion from 24 to
00:07:0614%, but if not then in billions of dollars it is
00:07:10trade that in billions of dollars is much, much larger than what it was,
00:07:13say 10 or 20 years ago, now however, 14%
00:07:17compared to other regions is little, there is a huge potential, and that leads
00:07:21to the issue of the summits that is the question and the issue of, shall we say, the old
00:07:24dream of integration, which is also a dream that was born or at least is very
00:07:28associated with the ideas of the 1950s
00:07:31and there is almost no presidential summit that does not have a paragraph that
00:07:35reiterates the will, it is a
00:07:39project, as the president says, an ideological dream,
00:07:43and then that there is no one in charge, we have to take charge of many issues,
00:07:47we have to take charge of border crossings, we have to take charge of rules of
00:07:50origin, we have to take charge of the norms
00:07:54of a great, what some authors call, the boring
00:07:57agenda, it's not an agenda of great news,
00:08:00but unless we work and there are technocracies and
00:08:04there are also investments,
00:08:07it will not be possible to overcome it, in addition to producing a
00:08:11better defense for external shocks, why should interregional
00:08:15trade be increased? And Andrés, I want
00:08:18to quickly complement something about that, is that intraregional
00:08:24of many other things, it is the
00:08:27construction of value chains within the same
00:08:30region, and on the other hand, it is also to increase
00:08:33intraregional investment levels,
00:08:36and one of the desires that the integration process has also
00:08:40had is that eventually we can also
00:08:42create stock markets, which was also the great aspiration of the
00:08:46Pacific Alliance through Mila,
00:08:50which was the integrated market of Latin America, so that we could
00:08:53take advantage, go out to the public stock markets,
00:08:57mobilize savings towards business development and thus
00:09:01have more capacity to make initial public offerings of
00:09:05new companies and technologically based
00:09:07transformation, which is also set out in the report, so yes,
00:09:11we make that mention of intraregional trade, but what we
00:09:14really want is for it to be trade, investment and
00:09:18to multiply the savings and financing
00:09:21vehicles so that in this way we can also expand the size of our
00:09:25companies, generate quality formal employment.
00:09:29Thank you very much, Secretary Salazar Chirinax, thank you very much,
00:09:32former President Duque, we have to go to a break, when we come back, we will talk to
00:09:36the writer and former vice president of Nicaragua, Sergio
00:09:39Ramírez, and then also the writer
00:09:42and political analyst, Venezuelan Moisés Naim, both
00:09:45have just released new books, don't go, we'll be
00:09:48right back,
00:09:54every night there is the possibility of a
00:09:57bombardment without filters, they should not
00:10:00treat our young people like that anywhere,
00:10:04here it is asked, is there freedom of belief in the country, in
00:10:07Spain, it is heard, this type of phenomenon is not
00:10:11that they are the generators of change, they are the expression of a change and their
00:10:14foreign policy is debated, it will be so lukewarm without taking
00:10:18positions, conclusions with Fernando del
00:10:21Rincón from Monday to Friday on CNN.
00:10:26Here on CNN, the news comes first,
00:10:28today with Yone Molinares in the Capitol,
00:10:32the funds for the Department of Homeland Security have already
00:10:36been made ready, when there is a lot at stake,
00:10:39we eliminate the noise to inform you clearly
00:10:42about the issues and policies that impact you, from the decisions made
00:10:46in Washington to their repercussions throughout the United
00:10:49States, Latin America and the world, where do relations with the United
00:10:53States stand? Relations between the United States
00:10:57and Cuba have always been abnormal. Directo
00:11:00USA is that window through which you can enter the United States
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00:11:07story from all angles to bring you the
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00:11:14filed a lawsuit. From our studios in
00:11:17Washington, I am Juan Carlos López. Join me on
00:11:20Directo USA from Monday to Friday on CNN. The story.
00:12:14statements from President Donald Trump, I take an external
00:12:17perspective, we delve into
00:12:21comes, the concern is for the ordinary Cuban.
00:12:29Maduro's defense? Find happiness in new
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00:12:45and understanding of the
00:12:47world.
00:12:55I am Mexican-British, I have been practicing
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00:13:02States and now in Miami for CNN. CNN
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00:16:22Nicaragua, Sergio Ramírez, has just published a new novel
00:16:26called The Curse of Ramfis, his
00:16:29fourth novel, which features police inspector
00:16:33Dolores Morales and has as its
00:16:36background the political drama that Nicaragua
00:16:39is experiencing, let's go to the interview, Sergio, thank you for
00:16:43being with us, good to have you back on the show, before
00:16:47talking about your new novel, please tell us about your
00:16:50personal situation, because your Nicaraguan citizenship
00:16:54and nationality were taken away from you along with several other
00:16:57opponents in 2023,
00:17:00where do you live now, what is your life like, well in
00:17:04Madrid, I have lived in Madrid for 5 years,
00:17:08I had left in May 2021
00:17:11for the United States for medical
00:17:14treatment and
00:17:18while I was there I realized that I was being
00:17:21prosecuted for complicity with Cristiana
00:17:24Chamorro,
00:17:26the one they wanted to eliminate from the panorama as a presidential candidate,
00:17:30so they fabricated a trial for money
00:17:32laundering and then
00:17:36I decided not to return to the country, then
00:17:40I came to Spain for the presentation of that novel,
00:17:43Tongoleres didn't know how to dance, so
00:17:46I stayed here and the following
00:17:48year,
00:17:50my citizenship was taken away,
00:17:54along with another group of Nicaraguans, I was stripped of my
00:17:58citizenship, but I was also stripped of my lawyer's
00:18:02title later,
00:18:04so they declared me non-existent, this only happens in
00:18:07novels, yes, recently Daniel Ortega
00:18:10announced in a speech that there will be no more elections in
00:18:14Nicaragua, why do you think he made that announcement,
00:18:18I mean, he could have kept quiet and said
00:18:23on, I think he did it out of
00:18:25clumsiness,
00:18:27he, when he starts talking, he loses the thread of what he is
00:18:31saying, and suddenly he gets angry,
00:18:34he starts to be dominated by the...
00:18:37verbal and he thought that the best thing he could do at that
00:18:40moment was to declare that there would be no more
00:18:44elections,
00:18:46but he has tried to correct himself and say that
00:18:50it's not that there won't be elections, but that
00:18:54there will be elections but with healthy candidates,
00:18:57not with the candidates of imperialism,
00:19:00that's all nonsense, what do you think, Sergio,
00:19:04the international community should do about what is happening in this?
00:19:07It should impose commercial sanctions,
00:19:11suspend it from CAFTA, the free trade agreement of Central America and the
00:19:15Dominican Republic, I mean, what should the
00:19:17countries of the region do? And I believe that
00:19:20Nicaragua has the misfortune of not being
00:19:24a central case in the international panorama,
00:19:27even in the Latin American space,
00:19:31Nicaragua does not have the same attention as Venezuela
00:19:34or Cuba, because
00:19:38Nicaragua is somewhat on the sidelines
00:19:43personification of a
00:19:45country that has strategic
00:19:49interests, rare minerals,
00:19:52oil, Nicaragua has none of that, so when
00:19:56a case like this occurs, this declaration by Ortega that declares
00:20:00that there will be no more elections,
00:20:04there is a resurgence
00:20:06of protests, but these protests remain in the
00:20:09communiqués, the communiqués are
00:20:13lukewarm, there are organizations
00:20:17that don't
00:20:20even speak out, let's start with the Central Americans, SICA, to be a
00:20:24member of SICA, which is the Central American integration
00:20:27system, a requirement is to be a representative
00:20:31democracy, no, however, SICA
00:20:35remains silent. The Central American Bank for Economic
00:20:38Integration continues to consider
00:20:42it a normal
00:20:44partner, it is a subject of
00:20:48credit. The European
00:20:50Union,
00:20:53the 27 members of the European Union speak out through a single
00:20:56communiqué, quite lukewarm,
00:20:59where in the end they call for a dialogue with Ortega
00:21:03and that they are interested in that dialogue, that is, to dialogue with
00:21:06Ortega, I don't know what use it can be to call for a
00:21:09dialogue with Ortega at this
00:21:12stage of the game, so
00:21:15then those communiqués
00:21:18dissipate. Countries that don't even
00:21:21speak out, El Salvador and Honduras, who are close
00:21:24allies of Trump, both Bukele and the
00:21:28president of Honduras, Ascura,
00:21:31maintain absolute silence regarding
00:21:34Ortega, the president of Costa Rica has
00:21:38said that she wants to coexist with Ortega in
00:21:40peace, and that this is an electoral
00:21:44decision of the Nicaraguans precisely,
00:21:48so it is a very unequal response and I would say
00:21:51it is not, it is not, it is not
00:21:53decisive. Let's talk about your new book, Sergio, The
00:21:57Curse of Ramfis, once again, Inspector Dolores Morales
00:22:01is the protagonist, but this time investigating a crime in
00:22:04exile, please tell us quickly the
00:22:07plot of your new novel. Well, Inspector
00:22:10Morales is exiled
00:22:13in a small port near the border with Nicaragua
00:22:17in Costa Rican territory called Puerto. Puerto Solella in Salinas
00:22:21Bay, and there one morning he sees a four-masted
00:22:24sailboat anchored and between him and Doña
00:22:27Sofía, who is his collaborator, they find out that this
00:22:31sailboat is a high-end sailboat, for
00:22:34high-end tourism, and
00:22:37that it previously belonged to Generalissimo
00:22:40Trujillo of the Dominican Republic when it was
00:22:43called the Angelita, which was
00:22:47the floating cabaret of Rafi Trujillo and Porfirio
00:22:50Rubirosa, here the story begins, and then
00:22:53they call him to
00:22:57investigate a crime that has been committed aboard the
00:23:00ship and this whole crime has to do with
00:23:04money laundering from the proceeds of the
00:23:06bribes charged to thousands of immigrants who
00:23:10passed through Managua airport coming from
00:23:13places as far away as Libya, Senegal,
00:23:17only between
00:23:212023, 300,000
00:23:23immigrants passed through
00:23:26Managua airport, yes, through Managua
00:23:30airport, according to the records of the Honduran government, who
00:23:33are the ones who cross the Nicaraguan border, they passed through the
00:23:37Honduran border into the United States, this is what the
00:23:41novel is about, that is, the crime,
00:23:44a crime committed
00:23:47under the... shadow
00:23:50of an act of corruption
00:23:54with migrants, in one part of the novel a character
00:23:58tells the Nicaraguan exiles that since
00:24:01they no longer live in Nicaragua, they know nothing of what is happening there
00:24:05and that they always believe that a revolution will break out at any moment against
00:24:08the commander and his companion, but that no one
00:24:11will move them from where they are, not even with
00:24:15a stick of dynamite, close quote, do you
00:24:19believe that? I don't think anything will move the Ortegas
00:24:22from power, well, I don't believe that as much as the
00:24:26character, what I do believe, what he
00:24:29says at the beginning is an appreciation that I have, and what happens
00:24:33with all exiles, with all
00:24:36exiles, when a firecracker goes off inside a country,
00:24:40it immediately seems that a real revolution is
00:24:43coming, revolutions are not improvised,
00:24:46revolutions or changes are
00:24:50even peaceful political changes are a process of
00:24:54organization that in Nicaragua is now not
00:24:57possible because organizing is
00:25:00impossible, that is, under the fear, the repression, the
00:25:04imposed silence, the persecution,
00:25:07but I obviously, within Nicaragua, there will be a
00:25:11silent resistance, without a doubt, that
00:25:15one day it will end up
00:25:19manifesting itself. Sergio Ramírez, thank you very much for your time and
00:25:22good luck with your new book, we have to go to a
00:25:26the writer and political analyst, Venezuelan Moisés
00:25:29Naim, who has just published with journalist Kiko Toro a new book
00:25:33called Charlatans, we will
00:25:35ask them who they are, don't go, we'll be
00:25:38right back,
00:25:45I'm Mexican-British, I've been practicing
00:25:48journalism for 20 years in Mexico City, in the United
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