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00:00:18I've been practicing journalism for 20 years in
00:00:22Mexico City, in the United States and now in Miami
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00:02:17The president of Mexico, Claudia Sheinman, distanced herself from Rubén
00:02:21Rocha Molla's return to the government of Sinaloa and said that she did not consider it
00:02:24appropriate for him to resume the position. Rocha Moya, who is from the same
00:02:28ruling party Morena, had requested a leave of absence in May amid
00:02:31accusations in the United States about alleged ties to the Sinaloa
00:02:35cartel, which he has denied. On Friday, he surprisingly returned
00:02:39to his duties, but two days
00:02:42Juanita Govertus, director of the Americas Division later the state Congress approved a new leave of absence. Now Sinaloa
00:02:45will have to elect an interim governor. Although it is not
00:02:49I want to delve a little into her decision, Shayon
00:02:50prevention policy, of generating wants Rocha's replacement to remain in office until the
00:02:532027 elections. The president asked that it be a person
00:02:57with capacity, honesty and professionalism. And she assured that the
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00:03:41or much more accessible than
00:04:12My name is Jimena de la Quintana, I am a CNN correspondent in Peru.
00:04:15Peru has gone through several political and social crises,
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00:05:31the recruitment of minors in Colombia was associated with rural roads, schools in remote
00:05:35areas and armed men approaching communities, but that
00:05:38reality is changing. Now the first contact can be on a phone
00:05:42screen, a TikTok video, a job offer on Facebook, a private
00:05:46message and behind images that may seem part of digital
00:05:49culture, such as money, weapons, uniforms, vehicles or a
00:05:53life presented as powerful or attractive, there may be
00:05:56a recruitment by criminal
00:06:00the main alerts of a new Human Rights Watch report that warns that
00:06:03armed groups are using social networks to reach children and
00:06:07adolescents in Colombia. The figures help to understand the dimension of
00:06:11the problem, at least 1,500 minors have been recruited
00:06:14since 2021 according to data from the Ombudsman's Office analyzed by the
00:06:18organization and official figures point to a sharp
00:06:21increase since 2023, but there is a particularly
00:06:25striking fact: according to the Special Jurisdiction for Peace,
00:06:2844% of minors recruited in 2025
00:06:32were recruited through social networks, 40% of
00:06:36them are girls and that figure is increasing, more than
00:06:3930% of those recruited are between 10 and 14
00:06:43years old and of the total, almost 50% are
00:06:46indigenous.
00:06:48For the document titled, I thought I would never see my mother again, Human
00:06:52Rights Watch reviewed dozens of accounts and publications on TikTok
00:06:56and Facebook. The content, as I mentioned, tries to sell a
00:06:59life related to power, money, prestige or
00:07:03belonging. Some publications even directly invite
00:07:06people to join the activities of these groups and in other cases, the
00:07:10contact goes from public to private with direct messages to
00:07:13minors. The problem, according to Human Rights Watch, is that social
00:07:17networks are not always detecting this content in time. TikTok
00:07:21and Facebook informed Human Rights Watch that they had deleted the
00:07:24accounts that the organization reported to them, but the report also
00:07:28found that after the suspensions new accounts
00:07:31with similar content appeared. CNN contacted both
00:07:34social media platforms to request comments on these findings and the
00:07:38measures they are taking and is awaiting a response.
00:07:41But once inside, the danger changes dimension,
00:07:44minors can be moved to other regions to isolate them from their
00:07:48families and make it harder for them to escape. Some are
00:07:51used to gather information, operate drones or participate in
00:07:55combat. Girls, in addition, are particularly exposed
00:07:59to sexual violence. Human
00:08:01Rights Watch calls on the new Colombian government to
00:08:04strengthen prevention, alert systems and the protection of
00:08:08minors, because the problem is no longer just how to prevent a minor
00:08:12from being reached by an armed group in their community, now there is also the
00:08:16question of what happens when that armed group can directly enter their
00:08:19phone, appear on their screen and turn recruitment
00:08:39us. The report you have published, uh, leaves
00:08:43us all a bit stunned because we all know that this
00:08:46situation happens, but this highlights that it is still
00:08:50much easier
00:08:54one thought, isn't it? That's
00:08:56right, Iván, good evening, thank you very much for the invitation, greetings to all the
00:09:00audience, I think what surprised me most about this report
00:09:04is that our researcher who
00:09:06carried out this publication began
00:09:10to follow these accounts on social networks, which, although they do
00:09:14not explicitly mention the name of the group, do so through
00:09:17emojis, through hashtags, uh, and
00:09:21the way he began to follow these accounts made the
00:09:25algorithm on both TikTok and Facebook begin to
00:09:29recommend and promote content from
00:09:32other accounts that sought to recruit children,
00:09:35as she pointed out, although both platforms
00:09:39deleted these publications once we brought them
00:09:42to their attention, the algorithm did not change, even today our
00:09:46researcher continues to receive on his cell
00:09:49phone, as a child in extremely vulnerable areas of Colombia would, the
00:09:52recommendation from the platform to follow other
00:09:56accounts that today invite him to join an armed
00:09:59group. Now, does this modality have to do with
00:10:03something specific about these groups or is it actually a modality that is used
00:10:06for a lot of criminal situations
00:10:10and that, well, they also adopt because as technology advances,
00:10:13they also adopt it, I mean, how much does it have to do with the fact that technology
00:10:17has advanced, this is specifically a new way they
00:10:20have found to make their criminal
00:10:24work more effective?
00:10:26Well, we found that
00:10:30those who recruit the most in Colombia are dissidents
00:10:34of the former FARC, the Mordisco dissident group,
00:10:37followed also by the ELN and by the so-called Gulf Clan, that
00:10:41is, we are talking about the use of this recruitment modality by
00:10:45parties in the armed conflict as well as by organized crime
00:10:49groups, here the important thing is that regardless of whether
00:10:52the crime legally in Colombia is the forced
00:10:56recruitment of minors or the use of minors for the commission of
00:11:00crimes, what is at stake are child victims who
00:11:03are being used by these groups to commit
00:11:06crimes and in both cases the state is
00:11:10lagging, it is not able to prevent recruitment by these
00:11:14groups or their use, nor is it effective in
00:11:17rescuing these children once they are taken
00:11:21from their families and used by these groups, and in guaranteeing
00:11:25a system of rights protection for the restoration of their life
00:11:28project. Juanita, here you introduce
00:11:32a new actor, which is the state. Colombia has a new
00:11:35president a few weeks ago, uh, who has
00:11:39been particularly harsh on all this issue with what
00:11:42peace agreements are and so on. Uh,
00:11:46what happens with the state that was already not working and how it is
00:11:49expected to work under this administration with what has already been announced. Uh, the situation could
00:11:53worsen, it will remain as bad as before, it could improve in
00:11:57some way. Well, we, as we always
00:12:00do, have brought our findings to the government's attention, we have requested
00:12:04meetings, throughout this week we have confirmed meetings with several of
00:12:08the cabinet ministers, the first thing is that, of course, an
00:12:12effective and human rights protective security
00:12:15policy is needed to protect citizens from the
00:12:18threats of these groups, but the deployment of
00:12:22troops will not be enough. It needs
00:12:25to ensure that those children who live mainly in rural
00:12:29territories, where in Colombia multidimensional
00:12:32poverty is three times that of the
00:12:36national average, have alternatives for
00:12:38education, have alternatives for economic insertion. The
00:12:42second is that Colombia has not done its homework in terms of
00:12:44judicialization, as of today, of the total number of complaints, only
00:12:481% are investigated and only
00:12:500.2% result in a conviction, so if the
00:12:54government really wants to put the protection of children at the
00:12:58center, it will have to coordinate with
00:13:01judicial investigation, strengthen investigation
00:13:04capacity, strengthen the prosecutor's office, no longer with a view to
00:13:07punitive populism to pretend to lower the age of
00:13:10criminal responsibility, but to prosecute adults who
00:13:14recruit in terms of macro-criminality for
00:13:17recruitment and hopefully adults for the crimes they force
00:13:21children to commit and the third is that we have to learn. recruitment
00:13:25of
00:13:33groups, the government should learn those lessons and strengthen those
00:13:37processes to be effective in rescue,
00:13:41to continue talking about the government and this new administration, eh, which has announced
00:13:45a greater military presence in the streets, much more than that is needed, that is, only
00:13:49with more military presence in the streets
00:13:52or in the territory is not enough. It takes a much more
00:13:56complex and more coordinated
00:13:59effort, right? That's right, a security
00:14:03policy is needed, of course, because the threat of these groups must be contained,
00:14:07but also prevention, creation of life projects, today at the launch
00:14:10eh, Matthew Charles, professor at the Universidad del Rosario, said something
00:14:14very true, there is a mental health element, children who do not
00:14:17see a future, who do not see an alternative and who end up
00:14:21being easy victims of these recruitment networks. because they have not
00:14:25had access to an opportunity for study, for
00:14:29connection with a development of some future
00:18:03I'm Gabi Frías in Mexico City, we are
00:18:06CNN.
00:18:12We continue in conclusions dialoguing about the recruitment of minors
00:18:15in Colombia, this terrible situation, with
00:18:19of Human Rights Watch, they have conducted a report on
00:18:23the matter, Juanita,
00:18:26the characterization of the young people they seek to attract,
00:18:29because one assumes that they are looking for people with few resources, with little
00:18:33education, one might think of poor
00:18:36children, a priori, but particularly
00:18:3950% are indigenous, why
00:18:42particularly is that population
00:18:44sought after?
00:18:46Well, I would say above all, that more than that population being sought, is
00:18:50that, as you pointed out, half of all cases are in the
00:18:53department of Cauca, which is one of the departments
00:18:56with the largest indigenous population,
00:18:59and it is a department that has historically
00:19:02suffered war, which had the best security
00:19:06indicators after the signing of the 2016 peace
00:19:09agreement, but as happened in several of
00:19:12the other territories of Colombia, once the Duque government begins,
00:19:16after the peace agreement and the state does not arrive to
00:19:20provide security, justice, to implement the peace
00:19:24agreement there, territories that were previously controlled by the former FARC,
00:19:27new dynamics of violence begin to occur, which begin to
00:19:31expand that control, then the Petro administration says it will
00:19:34arrive to implement the peace agreement, but on the contrary, it dedicates
00:19:38itself to a total peace policy that implements unverified
00:19:41and unmonitored ceasefires, allowing groups to increase their
00:19:45territorial control, among other things, through the recruitment of children,
00:19:48so I think that this greater incidence in indigenous
00:19:52population is explained by the way different armed groups are
00:19:56disputing, particularly the department of
00:19:59Cauca.
00:20:02Uh, Juanita, can you briefly describe the path of these children
00:20:05from the moment they are captured, what happens to them and what are their chances
00:20:09of being able to get out of it, because the state's
00:20:13response, as we see, is practically non-existent, so it will simply depend
00:20:17on them and their families to see how they can get out of that situation if it is
00:20:20possible, I mean, what is that whole path like?
00:20:24Well, the first thing you already pointed out in the introduction, one of the things we
00:20:27documented and which is frankly very sad is
00:20:31that once children are captured and are somehow
00:20:34seduced into joining the groups, quickly the groups.
00:20:37in most cases, they move them from one area of the country to try to
00:20:41prevent their families, their loved ones
00:20:45from looking for them and being able to bring them back,
00:20:48so, uh, and one of the things we documented that is also very worrying is that
00:20:52today there is a network of third-party intermediaries who
00:20:55charge up to $1 per recruited child to
00:20:59sell them somehow to armed groups and it is they
00:21:02who use technology to then sell them to the
00:21:05groups. Once they join the groups, they do different types
00:21:09of activities that begin with intelligence activities
00:21:12that include drone management as a
00:21:16way to somehow initiate them into a more abstract
00:21:20violence until they definitively end up involved in armed
00:21:24activity, carrying weapons directly, micro-trafficking, etc.
00:21:27The chances are low, as I already
00:21:30said, the best success stories we know of are
00:21:33when the indigenous guard manages, through their
00:21:39the legitimacy and trust that the population has in them, to quickly
00:21:43and agilely rescue the children, eh, but the
00:21:46Colombian state has left that structure very abandoned. This means that they will
00:21:50have little support from both mayoralties and governorships as well as
00:21:53from the national government and that the chances once there
00:21:57are recruitments are very low, some children manage to escape, some children
00:22:01are rescued by the army, eh, but
00:22:04the implications and impacts for their lives are
00:22:08really dramatic, which is why we have insisted that this
00:22:11is a figure that speaks of the failure of a society, of what
00:22:15it means for another generation to go to war and violence in
00:22:18Colombia. Speaking precisely of society, we
00:22:22already saw from what you told us that the state's response is
00:22:25practically null, I mean, is this situation something that has
00:22:28been normalized in Colombia, is it something that society does not know
00:22:32or knows and prefers to look the other way because it does not know how to
00:22:35solve it? I don't think it has
00:22:38normalized it, I think that Colombian society is terrified that
00:22:42this continues to exist, eh, I genuinely believe from the
00:22:46reaction I have seen today that there is a genuine interest in being able
00:22:50to really protect children, to put them at the center, I think that
00:22:54sometimes they sell us easy solutions, I think that somehow this idea of punitive
00:22:58populism, of criminally prosecuting children, of
00:23:01raising sentences is something that is sold as the easy solution,
00:23:05when, I insist, eh, in these territories it is
00:23:08necessary to contain the violence of these groups, but it is
00:23:12also necessary to give opportunities to these
00:23:14young people, it is necessary that they see a light that studying is worthwhile,
00:23:18eh, let's see... These recruitment networks are very
00:23:22easy because they offer children an opportunity now, because they do not
00:23:25see that future, they do not imagine that studying is worthwhile, they do not
00:23:29imagine that trying to save is worthwhile,
00:23:32eh, because they do not see those opportunities, because, I insist,
00:23:35they are immersed in a scenario of exclusion, eh, that
00:23:40opportunities is fundamental to get children out of
00:23:44violence and
00:27:08We continue in conclusions and we are going to follow up on the United States' deportation policy.
00:27:12United because Honduras received this weekend a new group of
00:27:15Mexicans, something similar to what happened with Guatemala and that we told you about in
00:27:19this space last week. This time
00:27:22it is about 365 people deported from the United
00:27:25States, while dozens more have been scheduled
00:27:28to arrive in the country. The change is significant, instead of being
00:27:32directly to Mexico, as usually happened, these migrants
00:27:36are being transferred to third countries. Migration
00:27:39experts believe that the objective is to move them away from the US border
00:27:43to make a new attempt to enter
00:27:45more difficult. Mexico, let's remember that it opposes the practice and seeks
00:27:49to repatriate its citizens. Meanwhile,
00:27:52Trump's strategy continues to expand the scope of his deportation
00:27:56policy.
00:27:58We are going to talk now about an Ecuadorian mother and her daughter who were detained in a Florida hospital
00:28:02for allegedly residing illegally in the United
00:28:05States, according to the Polk County Sheriff's office. CNN
00:28:09obtained a video that shows the dramatic moments experienced in the hospital room.
00:28:32year-old daughter were allegedly living in the US illegally and Ice
00:28:36had issued detainers for both. The department of Homeland
00:28:39Security told CNN that both of them entered the US legally and
00:28:43allegedly overstayed their periods of legal admission. Their
00:28:47gofund me page set up by a relative disputes the basis for
00:28:50their detention. It says the mother Grace Calletto has pending
00:28:54asylum case and a work permit while the visa of her daughter Juliana
00:28:58Carriel is valid through 2030. CNN cannot in
00:29:02independently verify these claims. According to the campaign, they were taken to
00:29:06local hospital after a car crash. The Polk County Sheriff's
00:29:09office says deputies went to the hospital to speak with them about the
00:29:12crash, and the women were detained after being discharged from
00:29:16care. HCA, Florida, Poinciana Hospital told CNN that
00:29:20the hospital is required to comply with laws and regulations governing its
00:29:23interactions with verified law enforcement. The mother's
00:29:27sister, Ja Calledo told CNN she had spoken with the pair and is working
00:29:31to secure legal representation.
00:29:35We are reaching the end of this edition of conclusions, a tough edition, we have
00:29:39seen in this report just what that hotel room
00:29:42was also the last interview we conducted on the recruitment of
00:29:46minors, we have seen throughout months and years
00:29:49wars, horror, hunger, but now we are talking about how children are being
00:29:53recruited by organized crime and the FARC dissidents in Colombia
00:29:56and that this continues to grow with the very sad and
00:29:59outrageous fate that these young people have and with... the presence of the state that
00:30:03we see does not take action to try to prevent or find
00:30:07the culprits, we