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00:00:15You're watching TRT World, I'm Yashini Padiachi with a reminder
00:00:18of our main headlines. Iran and Oman remain
00:00:22positive on an outcome from their talks to open the straight of
00:00:25Hormus. Oman has called the talks constructive while
00:00:28Iran's top diplomats. says they're headed in the right direction.
00:00:32Abbas Arakchi also says both sides are discussing a
00:00:35temporary route for ships to pass through. The
00:00:39talks are about a temporary route. We're almost very
00:00:42close to the result. Determining this route by Iran and
00:00:45Oman does not necessarily mean the reopening of the straight of
00:00:48Hamos. That is dependent on other factors. The violations of
00:00:52the memorandum of understanding by America should be
00:00:55compensated. The current situation, I should say clearly
00:00:59is the result. of violating the memorandum of understanding by
00:01:02America. Vice President J.D. Vans
00:01:06says the US and Iran talks are ongoing and assurances have
00:01:10been given, no toll will be charged from ships passing through the
00:01:14straight. Speaking to Fox News, he said Washington will
00:01:17decide on the outcome once it gets a clear picture of what offers
00:01:21on the table and if they meet the US's
00:01:23requirements. We've destroyed their nuclear program, we've
00:01:27destroyed their conventional military, we've... reduce their what you
00:01:31might call their asymmetric military abilities, and right now we're
00:01:35trying to see if they're willing to make the kind of long-term
00:01:38changes that would be necessary to have better relationship with the
00:01:41United States, and if not uh, that's fine too, we're just going to keep on
00:01:45applying the pressure that we can apply, and getting as much oil and
00:01:48gas out of the Middle East.
00:01:51Turkey, Saudi Arabia and Pakistan have signed a landmark
00:01:54defense packed in Mecca, pledging attack on one will be
00:01:58treated as an attack on all. The Turkish President says the deal
00:02:01reaffirms the right to self-defense and is not aimed
00:02:05any country. The deal comes as attentions have grown across
00:02:09the region since the war on Iran
00:02:10started.
00:02:13And Russian overnight strikes on Ukraine's key region have killed
00:02:16three people including a child. Three others were
00:02:19injured when multiple locations just outside the
00:02:23capital were also hit. This comes as President Zelensky
00:02:26is in Belgrade on his first official visit to Serbia.
00:02:30one of the few European countries that has maintained
00:02:33friendly relations with Russia and continues to
00:02:37get gas from Moscow.
00:02:40The news continues on TRT World.
00:03:34The state of Matogroso is the Brazilian wild
00:03:37west and the reigning champion in every sector of
00:03:41agrobusiness: cotton, rice,
00:03:44sugarcane, corn. It's the country's
00:03:47foremost producer of genetically modified soy and the
00:03:50undisputed record holder in pesticide
00:03:53use.
00:03:57Matogroso consistently ranks at the top of the...
00:04:10demand from when we see it at
00:04:13first sight, of course we want to swim and everything,
00:04:17but knowing the results of the
00:04:20research, I
00:04:21particularly
00:04:25would, despite
00:04:26loving it.
00:04:33chemical contamination actually doesn't appear,
00:04:37it doesn't appear like this, the river seems to be well
00:04:40preserved, very clean, but when
00:04:43we do an analysis
00:04:46uh, a chemical analysis in the laboratory is when we
00:04:48detect these residues,
00:04:50right?
00:05:02Owing to the 3,669 pesticides it is
00:05:06authorized, Brazil is a real mecha for multinational
00:05:09companies, European for the most.
00:05:19They make billions from the
00:05:22sale of extremely dangerous pesticides, most
00:05:26of which are banned in
00:05:27our country.
00:05:3220%, about 20% of the intoxicated population in Brazil are
00:05:35children and young people aged 0 to 19 years old, even babies,
00:05:39we are facing a form of infanticide.
00:05:45"Wait a minute, something's not right here. We're not going to build a European
00:05:49fortress by protecting European citizens to improve their
00:05:52health and destroying the health of Brazilians and so on. There's still
00:05:56a problem of ethics and deontology,
00:06:00and so we import products that have been manufactured
00:06:04with these dangerous pesticides and we end up with residues
00:06:07of these pesticides that are banned in Europe but that we find on our
00:06:11plates in France."
00:06:44In October 2018, Jair
00:06:46Bolsonaro was elected President of the Federative Republic of
00:06:49Brazil. With his former paratrooper at the head of the
00:06:52country, he guaranteed free reign to the agricultural
00:06:55industry. No sooner was he elected that he was already
00:06:59pledging his allegiance to the heads of agribusiness who had gathered to
00:07:03celebrate his
00:07:03victory.
00:07:07I am your employee, you are
00:07:10our bosses.
00:07:20He made them very generous gifts and in one year he doubled the
00:07:24authorizations for the importation of pesticides, insecticides
00:07:28as well as fungicides, some of which include products banned in
00:07:32Europe.
00:07:34This poisoned kingdom currently uses 3,669
00:07:38pesticides and has become a highly sought after market for chemical multination.
00:07:42nationals, including three European
00:07:45giants, the Swiss and Genta, and the German
00:07:48BASF and Byer, which acquired Monsanto in
00:07:512018.
00:07:54Their advertisements stage pastoral ideal, complete
00:07:57with lush fields, fresh breezes and healthy produce,
00:08:01depicting an idealized planet and suggesting a way
00:08:04forward for the future of sustainable
00:08:06agriculture.
00:08:13"I think it's really important that
00:08:15agriculture not only feeds the world, but
00:08:19also does it in a way that takes care of our
00:08:21planet.
00:08:25These three multinationals alone made over
00:08:27150 billion euros in profit in
00:08:302019. They prefer for that to remain under the
00:08:33radar. Their viewpoint isn't shared by one Swiss
00:08:37NGO that's based in
00:08:38Lauzanne."
00:08:46what way too expensive? need
00:08:50lower prices. i don't care
00:08:52how.
00:08:55public eye has been investigating the abuses perpetrated by
00:08:59multinationals in developing countries for over 50
00:09:02years. the NGO just published a world business map of
00:09:06Sagenta and his competitors, buyer and
00:09:08bas.
00:09:13the pesticide market is an extremely lucrative market, tens
00:09:16of billions every year, but it is extremely secretive, there is very little
00:09:20data, very few figures on pesticide sales,
00:09:24companies were always able to camouflage themselves behind the famous
00:09:28business secret, because these data are not published, they are
00:09:31confidential, and it was indeed the first time that we
00:09:34managed to create a complete mapping of these
00:09:37exports,
00:09:42gives there... Numbers are dizzying. In 2018, the three European
00:09:45giants sold over 80,000 tons of
00:09:48pesticides that are banned in
00:09:50Europe.
00:09:5390% of their products come from factories in Europe, in Great
00:09:56Britain, Italy, the Netherlands, Germany,
00:09:59France, Belgium and
00:10:01Spain.
00:10:031/3 of the sales made in 2018 were extremely
00:10:07dangerous pesticides, carcinogenic, bee killers, endocrine
00:10:11disruptors. A total of more than 40
00:10:14different pesticides, substances, molecules,
00:10:17dangerous banned in our fields, which were approved
00:10:21for export that year, for a total volume of more than 4.
00:10:33Whatever the case, this strategy of playing on double standards
00:10:36thrives in the Brazilian
00:10:38market.
00:10:41Back in Mato Grosso, the landscape is desolate, emptied of
00:10:45life, soy and cotton fields, as far as
00:10:48the eye can see, have replaced the original forest known
00:10:52as the Sarado.
00:10:56There are no animals in these fields, only
00:10:59the dance of pesticide sprays either on the ground or in the
00:11:03air.
00:11:05Aerial crop spraying is authorized here. It's been banned in
00:11:09Europe for very long
00:11:11time.
00:11:20Sapazel sprung from the earth 30 years ago thanks to the boom in
00:11:24soy, corn. and cotton crops, it's also the
00:11:27city that uses the most pesticides in all of
00:11:30grosso.
00:11:35Professor Marcia Montanari has an appointment at the Andrea
00:11:39Antonio Maggie middle school. The staff
00:11:42knows Marcia well. She's been analyzing the tap water here for six
00:11:46years now.
00:11:49Water that over a thousand school children drink every
00:11:52day.
00:12:19what legislation recommends, right, from the drinking water ordinance, we also evaluate the most used pesticides here in Mato Grosso,
00:12:21right?
00:12:25So we detected, out of the total number of wells we
00:12:28monitored, in the municipality of Sapezal, half of them,
00:12:3250% of the artesian wells of the schools we monitored
00:12:35showed pesticide residues, right?
00:12:38Uh, so we also found this rainwater,
00:12:42the results that people
00:12:46obtained were quite considerable, right?
00:12:49The school itself, the professionals, we were very
00:12:52shaken by the results, but something...
00:12:56in relation to agribusiness, nothing was done, not that I know
00:12:59of, to protect the school's
00:13:02water, no, nothing happened, so
00:13:05no, as far as I know, no,
00:13:09because I think that for something to happen, they would have to stop
00:13:12applying pesticides, right? But
00:13:16since it's a very agricultural region, the population
00:13:20lives from it, right? The economic issue is very strong in our
00:13:23municipality because of agriculture.
00:13:41in the kingdom of soy and pesticides, it's difficult to
00:13:44fight an all powerful industry, on the
00:13:47side of road, a sprayer shoots out chemical
00:13:50products, it's breaking the law because it isn't abiding by the
00:13:54safe distance regulations. We are less
00:13:57than 50 meters away, right? It is not
00:14:01allowed to even plant so close to the
00:14:04highway, much less spray, right?
00:14:07It's really a very dangerous situation,
00:14:10right, from a sanitary point of view.
00:14:26We continue on our journey:
00:14:28suddenly, a plane flies low overhead, shooting out
00:14:32yellow spray onto the soy field below, another
00:14:36infraction against laws to regulate aerial
00:14:38spraying,
00:14:41fish. To protect ourselves from the pesticide
00:14:44spray, we keep the windows closed and filmed from
00:14:47inside the car. By law, a spraying airplane
00:14:51must close its flaps while flying over road or populated air.
00:14:57It passed directly, in short, there was no care to
00:15:01observe the road issue, right, and people
00:15:05passing by, we noticed that a motorcyclist passed right
00:15:08after, right, practically along with the
00:15:11spraying, so it's a very
00:15:15great risk, right, to the health of the people who work on these farms
00:15:18and, well, the people who travel on these roads, right? So
00:15:21we perceive that there is a...
00:15:26a disrespect, right, a disregard for Brazilian legislation,
00:15:30and this ends up happening
00:15:33and there is no inspection that can punish.
00:15:38or correct these actions,
00:15:53in sapzel, marcia Montanari has detected 40
00:15:56different pesticides that are present in 56% of
00:16:00rainwater samples and in
00:16:0283% of Tapwater
00:16:04samples.
00:16:10The issue of water contamination isn't relegated to the
00:16:13countryside. Brazilian Megalapolis are also
00:16:17affected such as Sao and its 27 million
00:16:21inhabitants. Researchers have isolated more than 20
00:16:24pesticides in city water, which would be considered as undrinkable
00:16:28in
00:16:28Europe.
00:16:35The most frequently used substances are.
00:17:07European hypocrisy because in the early 2000s it was banned in
00:17:11Europe because it was found that it polluted uh groundwater and
00:17:15therefore drinking water, and even now uh, almost
00:17:1815-20 years later, it is one of the most detected pesticides in
00:17:22drinking water in Europe. It is
00:17:24an endocrine disruptor, meaning that it is a
00:17:27pesticide that, even at very low doses, can disrupt your
00:17:31hormonal system and affect the reproductive system. All
00:17:35these banned pesticides
00:17:37concerned by our investigation are all substances that were used in Europe,
00:17:41but withdrawn from the market, because European authorities concluded that
00:17:45the dangers and risks posed by these substances
00:17:48were too
00:17:49high.
00:17:53the use of paraquad is also forbidden in the European Union, but
00:17:57its production is
00:17:58not.
00:18:01manufactured in England, it made up a third of the volume of pesticides
00:18:04forbidden in Europe, but it was exported,
00:18:12So paraquat is an extremely toxic
00:18:16herbicide that was developed in the 60s, to tell you that
00:18:19it's been almost 60 years that this
00:18:22pesticide has been on the market. It's an herbicide that is so toxic that
00:18:26if you swallow a single teaspoon it's guaranteed
00:18:30death. It's an herbicide that is responsible for thousands
00:18:33of poisonings each year in developing countries, farmers who apply
00:18:38this herbicide without any protection and who inhale the
00:18:41product or are exposed through the
00:18:44skin, despite this, paraquat is
00:18:48still authorized in some countries. In order to
00:18:51understand this aberration, it's necessary to understand how
00:18:54these products are evaluated and sold on the
00:18:57market.
00:19:00All over the world, these chemicals are entrusted to public
00:19:03agencies such as the EFSA, the European
00:19:06Food safety. Authority for
00:19:08review.
00:19:16Unfortunately, pesticide manufacturers are both judge and
00:19:20jury in these review trials. They are the ones to
00:19:23conduct and provide the regulatory agencies with
00:19:26studies on the potential toxicity of the
00:19:29pesticides.
00:19:34Cutta, the director of a European syndicate of agrochem.
00:19:41Of course, the data are provided by the industries because it is a
00:19:48regulation, we must present these scientific
00:19:50studies to the evaluation agencies, and we are talking
00:19:54about thousands of pages per file, so of course we
00:19:57provide these data, but I do not believe that there is a deficit
00:20:01in analytical capacity on the part
00:20:04of the evaluation authorities. It
00:20:07is really one of their arguments to defend their profession, that is, they say that pesticides
00:20:11are one of the most regulated sectors in the world, there is no
00:20:14problem, uh, circulating, nothing to see, and that's where there's a
00:20:18big, big lie behind it, which is that in fact this whole system of evaluating
00:20:22pesticide risks is based on studies that are carried out
00:20:26by the industry itself on its own products and which are
00:20:30confidential, that is, you, me, a university professor, a
00:20:33researcher cannot go and verify if what is
00:20:36presented to the regulator... holds up, and every
00:20:39time that these studies have been able to be made public
00:20:43in one way or another following a court decision
00:20:47or following ongoing investigations by the...
00:21:06A whistleblower, toxicologist who worked for a long time in a laboratory acquired by Sangenta revealed how
00:21:10public agencies had been deceived for over 60
00:21:13years.
00:21:17John Hailings proved that the company ICI. that later
00:21:20became Zenika, then singenta, had
00:21:23falsified data its star herbicide
00:21:26paraquat. Halings was recruited in
00:21:301986, his mission was to make paraquet less
00:21:33dangerous to prevent ingestion related
00:21:35deaths.
00:21:38Paracut actually is probably the the most deadly pesticide which has
00:21:42ever been made in and there are some nasty pesticides
00:21:46out there. Paraquot is absorbed from the gut
00:21:49very quickly. 'you after drinking within one
00:21:52hour you have the highest blood level,
00:21:55so we then thought if you can remove the paraquot
00:21:59from the stomach, this would be a good approach, so
00:22:03I already knew that there was an ametic
00:22:06agent in the formulation, so I
00:22:09thought, well there's already emetic in there, why doesn't the
00:22:12ametic remove the gel in the
00:22:15stomach, is there something wrong with the dose
00:22:19of?' the ametic or the concentration. John
00:22:23Halings went back to the first studies carried out in
00:22:251977. They indicated that even at high
00:22:28doses anametic would not take effect for two
00:22:31hours, which was too late as paraguaid
00:22:34ingestion kills in under one hour. In the official report,
00:22:38however, Singenta appeared to have falsified the
00:22:41findings. It had replaced some of the
00:22:44vomiting data um from the clinical trial with
00:22:48other data from other. patient trials
00:22:50and totally ignored the fact that the
00:22:54dose level that they were recommending actually didn't work in
00:22:58humans, so um, I was quite
00:23:02astounded,
00:23:04yet when John Halings alerted higher ups, they said to
00:23:08me that this would be very, very
00:23:10damaging for the reputation
00:23:14of not just the central toxicology laboratory, but the company as a
00:23:17whole, and because...
00:23:20"I had discovered new formulation with a high
00:23:23emetic, maybe this would solve
00:23:26it. Nine years later, the disillusionment was
00:23:30final. Although John had found more effective formula, the
00:23:34company chose not to use it. In 1995, as
00:23:37stipulated by law, paraquad had to undergo new evaluation by
00:23:41the European Union. John decided to verify the report
00:23:45supplied by the manufacturer, and
00:23:48when I look through this..." thought, hang a minute, this
00:23:51still has the original fabricated
00:23:54data um that is incorrect, and it's
00:23:58citing the same report which was written in
00:24:011977, which is incorrect, so I
00:24:05gave detailed
00:24:07um, probably two or three page response to
00:24:10agrochemicals, saying you cannot use this, didn't
00:24:14you know that there was a problem, nothing, I
00:24:18had nothing back, most like nothing had
00:24:21happened, but in the EU in 1995
00:24:24they used the false data for re-eregistration and kept
00:24:28it on the market for another 10 years with hundreds
00:24:32of people poisoned across Europe before they banned it.
00:24:35where you according to you, why haven't they changed the level of
00:24:39emetic? well, there's a very good reason
00:24:42and it's called money. the cost of doing that was so
00:24:46prohibitive that they said this would destroy the...
00:24:55It wasn't until 2007 that the European
00:24:58Union.
00:25:00Brazil has only just banned it, but it's still sold in the United
00:25:03States, India and South Africa. A
00:25:07professor of clinical toxicology at the University of Edinburgh
00:25:11estimates that it's caused about 10,00
00:25:13deaths.
00:25:16The EFSA, the European agency charged with.
00:25:20evaluating pesticides declined all requests for an
00:25:22interview. As for Sangenta, we had to
00:25:26make do with promotional films gleaned online, but
00:25:30couldn't help but be impressed by the company's highly effective advertising
00:25:33campaign.
00:25:41I've spent most of my life in the countryside, today my greatest
00:25:45joy is to see my country champion in another
00:25:48field. The field of
00:25:51agriculture,
00:25:55the Agro Brazil team does well abroad and also at home,
00:25:59good, healthy and cheap food.
00:26:10The champion in production and
00:26:10preservation.
00:26:15Academic researchers don't have the same resources. Still,
00:26:19Larissa Bombardi was able to create atlas of pesticides in
00:26:23Brazil from publicly available data. She unequivocally
00:26:27established the links between European chemical manufacturers and
00:26:30Brazilian agrobusiness. the former sell half billion
00:26:34intoxic chemicals each year to the latter who make annual
00:26:38profits upwards of 2.5 billion euros in
00:26:41agricultural exports to
00:26:42Europe.
00:26:47Brazilian deputy Alexander Pedia, minister of health during
00:26:50Lules terms president, fought big land owners and under
00:26:53Bolsonaro, he continues to push back against the policies of former
00:26:57minister of agriculture Teresa Christina, nicknamed the
00:27:00poisonous muse, she has all
00:27:11by the producers and especially by the small producers who do not
00:27:15have this training done for them to
00:27:18be careful, apply with appropriate
00:27:21clothing, with appropriate
00:27:24equipment, wash the equipment, not
00:27:28smoke, sometimes the person smokes while applying in
00:27:31the cigarette. They end up ingesting chemical
00:27:34products that they are using for application.
00:27:38The rural caucus, without a doubt,
00:27:41perhaps the largest right-wing party
00:27:44and economic power in Brazil today, are families
00:27:48that for generations, decades
00:27:51ago, commanded political power in the
00:27:54interior of the country, trying to influence the agenda
00:27:58of the country in congress. From the release of
00:28:02pesticides, removal of environmental regulations,
00:28:05and they dialogue with other
00:28:09agendas to gain popularity, they are very much related to
00:28:13conservative agendas,
00:28:17anti-abortion, eh,
00:28:20homophobic, misogynistic, eh,
00:28:22they are very much associated with the agenda of arms liberation, eh,
00:28:26the caucus of the beef, the Bible, and the bullet, right?
00:28:30bala, né?
00:28:32These elected officials who hold the reigns of power of bagar business,
00:28:36declined our requests to be interviewed. They don't feel like
00:28:39they have anything to excuse.
00:28:43A similar feeling is shared in another sphere of power, one of the judges of the
00:28:47Supreme Court is at the center of an environmental
00:28:50scandal.
00:28:52Mendez isn't only a judge, he owns lot of land,
00:28:55including a 611 hectare farm, the Rancho
00:28:58allegre in Mato Groso, where he grows soy, albeit. in
00:29:02full defiance of the law, he sprays pesticides close to the
00:29:06source of the Paraguay river, which is drying up. This
00:29:10area is officially
00:29:11protected.
00:29:14In Diamontino, at the Regional Ministry of Justice, young
00:29:17prosecutor.
00:29:26from my institution which is responsible for verifying my conduct
00:29:30as a public prosecutor. and he called the
00:29:34ombudsman of his office in
00:29:36Brasília, told him, cursed at me,
00:29:40offended me, called me crazy, and
00:29:43told him that he had to take
00:29:45action,
00:29:50the young prosecutor organized a public hearing to encourage farmers to
00:29:54reduce their pesticide use in this protected area,
00:29:57judge Mendes alone refuses to abide by the
00:30:00law.
00:30:03This treasonous offens earned this prosecutor a disciplinary
00:30:06investigation and a 45-day unpaid
00:30:09leave after which Daniel Zapier requested the transfer to another
00:30:13jurisdiction.
00:30:18Judge Mendes continues to spray toxic chemicals close to the source of the
00:30:21Paraguay river.
00:30:24As a Supreme Court judge, his vote carries weight in legal matters
00:30:28related to pesticides.
00:30:31He did not respond to our requests for an
00:30:33interview,
00:30:39a global conversation where everyone has a
00:30:42voice that can make an
00:30:44impact,
00:30:47no matter who, no matter where, social media
00:30:50connects us all, oh my god, on
00:30:54newsf we look at the world through the prism of social
00:30:57media,
00:30:59right, intelligent, informs. and
00:31:02entertains, no what's happening in?