Google Cloud Speech-to-Text API (Chirp) + Gemini 2.5 Flash Non-Thinking. Treat it as a searchable index of what was broadcast, not a quotation record.
00:00:32kingdom, with over 300 species of butterflies.
00:00:36Among them, the Taiwan Saint Butterfly was originally considered a subspecies of the Sanwen Saint Butterfly,
00:00:39until the invasion of alien species. After academic circles conducted an investigation,
00:00:43it was accidentally discovered that it is actually a species unique to Taiwan,
00:00:47and thus it was proven. However, in recent years, the research team
00:00:51conducted a butterfly survey on Yangming Mountain, but found that the endemic species,
00:00:55the Taiwan Upper Butterfly, has already been replaced by alien species, which made
00:00:58the research team feel very shocked. Taiwan
00:01:02has the reputation of being a butterfly kingdom, with over 300 species of butterflies, as well as over
00:01:0660 unique species, adding many beautiful colors to Taiwan's
00:01:16The coffee-colored butterfly's wings have bright yellow stripes.
00:01:20This is a Taiwanese endemic species called Taiwan Saint Butterfly. This
00:01:24part, the color is relatively dark, and the lines are relatively
00:01:27thin. This is the bear butterfly.
00:01:30And here,
00:01:32the body shape is slightly larger, and the overall color is lighter, and the lines are thicker. This is the Cisi.
00:01:40The story behind the Taiwan Saint Butterfly being proven in 2023 is quite remarkable.
00:01:45Before it was designated as an endemic species, it was considered a subspecies of the Sanwen Saint Butterfly,
00:01:48commonly known as the Yellow Three-striped Butterfly, that inhabited Taiwan. However, in 2004, Taiwanese experts discovered a butterfly that was very similar to the native Taiwanese subspecies, but also had
00:01:59different characteristics. After DNA investigation, it was confirmed to be
00:02:03an alien species from mainland Asia, the Sanwen Saint Butterfly. It was originally
00:02:06believed that Taiwan had a species
00:02:10that was a subspecies of the Sanwen Saint Butterfly.
00:02:14And then the Saint Butterfly's
00:02:18geographical distribution extends from India all the way to the entire Eastern Ocean region,
00:02:21including Taiwan.
00:02:24。
00:02:44If an invasive species belongs to the same species as the native species, scientists will worry about the lack of reproductive isolation between the two, leading to genetic leakage, which contaminates the gene pool of the native species
00:02:48and ultimately causes the disappearance of original traits. However,
00:02:52after the alien species Sanwen Saint Butterfly invaded Taiwan, it was found that
00:02:56it did not hybridize with native Taiwanese butterflies. The research team.
00:03:30The Taiwan Saint Butterfly and the alien species Sanwen Butterfly, their appearance shows
00:03:34differences in wing tails. From the back, the yellow stripes of the Taiwan Saint Butterfly are
00:03:37thinner, and the first stripe on the wing is broken, while the stripes of the Sanwen
00:03:41Saint Butterfly are continuous and unbroken. If you observe the underside
00:03:45of the butterfly, you will find that both species have special X-shaped patterns. The
00:03:49lower half of the X-shape of the Taiwan Saint Butterfly forms a continuous arc, while the Sanwen
00:03:53Saint Butterfly's X-shape is staggered and discontinuous. In addition to some slight
00:03:57differences in the appearance of the adult insects, their habits also differ. The Taiwan Saint
00:04:00Butterfly lays eggs singly, usually only one egg or one
00:04:04larva will be seen, while the Sanwen Saint Butterfly lays eggs in clusters, where dozens of eggs
00:04:17but we found that alien species are more aggressive. They can eat plants that
00:04:20Taiwan doesn't eat, such as Boehmeria nivea, such as ramie.
00:04:24They, the Taiwanese ones, will eat them, and they will
00:04:28also eat them, but there's a kind called.
00:04:30Another concern caused by invasive species.
00:05:44In a book published by Yangmingshan National Park in 1994,
00:05:47it introduced the Yellow Three-striped Butterfly, which had not yet been designated as an endemic species at the time,
00:05:51as a common butterfly in the original area. Now it can no longer be seen.
00:05:55I don't really think that alien species will completely wipe out
00:05:59our native species. But it might cause their population
00:06:02to be compressed. For example, Yangmingshan
00:06:06no longer has them, they have been replaced. Other parts of the region may
00:06:09also be replaced by them. The Taiwan Saint Butterfly
00:06:13likes to live in natural environments that are well-maintained and undisturbed.
00:06:16Only by strengthening environmental protection can Taiwan's butterflies
00:06:20continue to flutter
00:06:27team from National Taiwan Ocean University. They found medical application potential
00:06:31from the new species of Taiwanese algae they discovered. After extracting
00:06:35the highly abundant phycoerythrin from the Taiwanese algae, it can be
00:06:38used for applications such as immunofluorescence labeling, achieving effective results.
00:10:12B2 cultivation technology allows algae to achieve more efficient and stable
00:10:16growth. In addition to increasing the yield of red fluorescent protein,
00:10:20it can also utilize Taiwanese algae, which has about 20% higher
00:10:24protein content than other algae species.
00:10:34Can massaging the face and neck effectively prevent the onset of dementia?
00:10:38Recent research has found that metabolic waste in the brain
00:10:41is cleared by cerebrospinal fluid, and cerebrospinal fluid can
00:10:45be drained from the superficial lymphatics of the face and neck.
00:10:49Therefore, massaging the face and neck in daily life can help
00:10:53clear metabolic waste from the brain.
00:12:03That is, the cerebrospinal fluid can be drained from the superficial lymphatics of the face and neck. Therefore, research indicates that simply massaging the face and neck for 5 minutes at a low intensity will double the amount of cerebrospinal fluid
00:12:07drained. In addition, the lymphatic channels for cerebrospinal fluid also include the hard palate where the maxilla
00:12:10and teeth are located. Experts speculate that daily chewing, talking, and swallowing
00:12:51PM2.5 can also affect .
00:16:44Waking up intermittently? This may be related to air quality. Professor Chuang Hsiao-Chi of the Department of Respiratory Therapy at Taipei Medical University found in her research that if
00:16:47PM2.5, every unit increase
00:16:50will significantly increase the number of awakenings during sleep and the proportion of light sleep,
00:16:54especially in seasons with lower temperatures and lower humidity,
00:17:05and haven't fallen asleep deeply.
00:17:08And waking up for no reason, it might not be because of drinking coffee or playing with your phone. The
00:17:11key lies in the air you breathe in.
00:17:25In fact, previous animal experiments have shown that PM2.5 fine particulate matter
00:17:29can reduce the ability of brain nerve cells to release electrical signals, affecting the brain's
00:17:33ability to maintain a normal sleep cycle. Now, Taipei Medical University's Respiratory
00:17:37Therapy.
00:17:45Every unit increase in PM2.5 will significantly increase the number of awakenings
00:17:48during sleep and the proportion of light sleep. This effect is particularly pronounced
00:17:52during seasons with lower temperatures
00:18:03。
00:18:37A recent spot check of some children's toys found that half of the products' phthalate
00:18:41plasticizer levels seriously exceeded the standard, with the highest
00:18:45exceeding the standard by as much as 509 times. Children's
00:18:48long-term exposure to these plasticizers may increase the risk of
00:18:52precocious puberty, asthma, and allergies.
00:18:55And it's so
00:19:06of it.
00:20:50Mosquito repellent sprays, mosquito repellent lotions, mosquito coils, all deployed.
00:20:54hear the noise of the mosquito, i
00:20:58feel um scared. Gabriel suffered from dengue fever, with body aches and headaches, and almost died. For children, a new American invention is expected to take mosquito control to the next level.
00:21:13direct and artificial intelligence algorithm to identify the anatomical
00:21:16components as well as the species of the mosquito and that. information
00:21:20is then shared with the user and so we can get a sense of what mosquitoes are in a
00:21:24specific area remotely. The mosquito trap is equipped with a camera and, most importantly, an AI-powered mosquito identification system that scrutinizes every detail of the mosquito's body for quick identification of invasive species.
00:21:41given advancements in ai, we decided that we can come up with the smart AI
00:21:45enable mosquito traps, whether it's zika, malaria, dengue etc.
00:21:49The AI
00:21:55costs less than 150 US dollars, or about 4500 New Taiwan Dollars, and can be widely distributed and applied to help countries around the world strengthen their monitoring systems and combat diseases
00:21:59caused by mosquito-borne transmission.
00:24:37nitrate plus sugar. Because the chemical reaction after sugar ignition produces
00:24:41gas, it can convert rotational energy into
00:24:45solid fuel to propel the rocket,
00:24:49sending the rocket into the sky. However, although this experiment
00:24:53is very interesting, there are certain dangers involved,
00:24:56so it must be operated under the guidance of professionals.
00:25:10a large amount of white smoke before rapidly launching and soaring tens of meters into the sky.
00:25:14This is a sugar rocket, a common entry-level experimental rocket
00:25:18for popular science education.
00:26:02Because it has an oxidizing effect, it is actually one of the main components
00:26:06of black powder. But it is often
00:26:10used in the processing of fertilizers.
00:26:13Rocket solid fuel is made by mixing approximately 65% potassium
00:26:17nitrate with 35% sugar, which has a lower ignition point.
00:26:21Then, some reddish-brown powder, iron oxide, is added as a
00:26:25catalyst. After mixing, an appropriate amount of the powder is poured onto an electric
00:26:28baking sheet. It melts evenly at a temperature
00:26:32below 10 degrees. KKNSKSB is used for lips. Its melting point is about 121 degrees Celsius, and its burning point is greater than 300 degrees Celsius. When used on a rocket, the maximum temperature during burning can reach over 1300 degrees Celsius. Yes, but because it is in flight,
00:29:02it is carried out under guidance.
00:29:06Today in the program, we saw National Taiwan Ocean University's leading
00:29:10position in algal technology innovation and application. From Taiwan's
00:29:14unique native algae, which has high-brightness silver
00:29:17light and low-carbon production advantages, it can be widely applied
00:29:21in cell observation imaging, medical diagnostics, biotechnology,