Google Cloud Speech-to-Text API (Chirp) + Gemini 2.5 Flash Non-Thinking. Treat it as a searchable index of what was broadcast, not a quotation record.
00:00:06El Siadi, the World Bank's arbitration body, ruled its first
00:00:09verdict against Spain in May for non-compliance with the Energy
00:00:13Charter, which commits signatory
00:00:15plus houses, meaning states to guaranteeing stable, equitable,
00:00:17favorable, and transparent conditions for
00:00:20investors.
00:00:24led to a substantial reduction in It's not that Spain is one of the most sued countries, it's that it's the most sued country in the world in international
00:00:27arbitrations at the World Bank, right? It's that we are world
00:00:31leaders in making a fool of ourselves because all the countries in the world have
00:00:34proven that in Spain the king's word in the
00:00:38official state gazette is worth nothing. What a financier cannot
00:00:41say is that they didn't know there was a tariff deficit and
00:00:44they didn't know there wasn't a bubble and they didn't know
00:00:47What that half of the world's renewables were being installed in Spain at prices that
00:00:50no one else was paying. To say they didn't know that means they
00:00:54weren't doing their analyst homework well, so legal
00:00:58uncertainty is a later excuse.
00:01:04kW, and therefore, the fixed part of
00:01:08He visits the Senate today to present his short film "The Path of the
00:01:12Sun," invited by the Podemos senators on the Energy Committee of the
00:01:16Upper House. We have a country
00:01:19that
00:01:21belongs to everyone.
00:01:25The tireless actor continues to demand justice on behalf of the thousands
00:01:29of families who tried to enter the Spanish electricity business,
00:01:34is to produce 100% of the dominated by five large
00:01:34companies.
00:01:38One analyzes it from the outside and sees that
00:01:42pie, that pie of the energy
00:01:45lobby,
00:01:47significant number of buildings constructed in our country,
00:01:48We pay various tolls and where there were four or five companies, right? And suddenly
00:01:51we, a few mice, came to
00:01:54eat from that little piece of pie
00:01:58meaning to the work of architecture and and what in principle was nothing were the crumbs of... Watch
00:02:00out, watch out, watch out, it will be shown that this pie
00:02:04is being sold much more expensive than it's worth, that these
00:02:07gentlemen are starting to scratch and they are going to hurt us
00:02:10a lot. This is what happened to the Western Roman
00:02:14Empire, right? That the electrical estate
00:02:18was an estate of very few and suddenly it has been assaulted by
00:02:21thousands of barbarians.
00:02:24The Spanish electricity oligopoly is made up of five large companies that
00:02:28control 60% of electricity production and
00:02:3290% of commercialization. The
00:02:35turnover of these five companies is around 35 billion euros
00:02:38annually. The electricity sector has a close relationship with the
00:02:42government, which regulates it. In the last few legislatures, at least
00:02:4614% of the members of the boards of directors of Ibex
00:02:5035 companies have previously
00:02:52Close to 55% of been public officials. Of these, 71% have gone to energy
00:02:56companies.
00:03:00The total limitation between the public and the private sector in the energy sector simply
00:03:03doesn't exist by definition, it's logical that companies have
00:03:06professionals who come from the public sector, because it affects
00:03:11had not yet been them directly. Obviously, a public professional
00:03:13doesn't know very well how a nuclear power plant works, but they do know how
00:03:17public decisions are made, they have that overall vision of the
00:03:20economy. These are the
00:03:23authentic illegal revolving
00:03:26doors, those that provide
00:03:30electricity companies with enough knowledge to know how to
00:03:34navigate the
00:03:37labyrinth of regulation. If what happens is that when that gentleman is on the
00:03:41board of directors he still has friends in political parties who allow him
00:03:44to write future electricity regulations, that is very serious. One,
00:03:48two, he could also be returning a
00:03:51favor that he did to that gentleman when he was in office, that is also
00:03:54a crime. Therefore, I want at some
00:03:59smaller. We are going to point for some company to explain to me why, what an electricity company
00:04:01gains when it hires this type of director. It's an exaggeration, it's
00:04:05just a matter of having appointed, as some say, cronies
00:04:08instead of people with a lot of knowledge. That's where we have those gray
00:04:12areas where we have to get it right. It's not the same to hire
00:04:15professionals with extensive experience in public decisions that have had to do with
00:04:19energy as it is to hire others
00:04:21who haven't.
00:04:24Despite the economic crisis, electricity companies today maintain
00:04:27the same profit margins they had before the
00:04:30start of the crisis. Meanwhile, the electricity
00:04:34bill has risen by 70% in the last 10
00:04:38years. The Spanish electricity system has a
00:04:43Ollers, a small village in Pla de production capacity that doubles the electricity
00:04:44consumed.
00:04:48This obvious imbalance between production and consumption, which would be an
00:04:51anomaly in any market, is one of the singularities of the
00:04:55current electricity
00:04:56market.
00:05:02This is very serious, because just as Spain has too many airports and some
00:05:05roads, there are too many power plants. That is, if we
00:05:09believe there is a market and there is liberalism and that...
00:05:17The price of electricity is decided every working day
00:05:20in an auction where all the electricity the country
00:05:24will need for
00:05:25the next day is bought.
00:05:28The first energies to be auctioned are the cheapest,
00:05:31renewables, and the last, the most expensive, which
00:05:35is usually the combined cycle
00:05:37gas.
00:05:41Paradoxically, all of them will pay the price of the most expensive, even though it is the least
00:05:44used. This means that hydraulic and nuclear energies have very
00:05:48high profits. Renewables, the cheapest to produce, have to face
00:05:51high loans to pay for the installations that are still very
00:05:55new.
00:06:00we have is simply false. There is talk of a
00:06:03market and that market does not exist, even if the laws say that
00:06:06it is liberalized, that is a lie.
00:06:09Therefore, the hydroelectric system
00:06:12and the nuclear system are receiving extraordinary
00:06:16profits that
00:06:19are completely supranormal and
00:06:22have no legal justification whatsoever,
00:06:25much less commercial, because there is no freedom of
00:06:28entry. It is even more serious that electricity companies earn the same now as
00:06:3210 years ago when they produce much less energy because there are many more renewables.
00:06:36That is, if we do the energy transition at the cost of
00:06:39maintaining everything we already had and paying electricity companies the same...
00:06:47The price that is decided daily at auction is only for the electricity we
00:06:51consume, which is a small part of what we pay on the bill.
00:06:54We pay a fixed amount for the contracted
00:06:57power.
00:07:01we pay two different taxes. The average
00:07:04consumer in Spain has a contracted electrical power
00:07:08of 4.4 kW, of which only 40%
00:07:11is available on average. The paid but unused
00:07:15power is extra profit for the electricity
00:07:18company.
00:07:21But the bulk of what we pay has little to do with consumption.
00:07:25We pay tolls for the high voltage grid that transports
00:07:28electricity, for premiums to renewable
00:07:32energies, for subsidies to gas
00:07:35cogeneration, for aid to the
00:07:38coal industry and nuclear waste and
00:07:42for... the tariff deficit of the companies, which amounts to 26
00:07:45billion
00:07:46euros.
00:07:54We also pay a 5% tax on electricity
00:07:57consumption, and a 21% VAT on the total
00:08:01bill, which includes the previous 5% and which,
00:08:04therefore, is paid
00:08:06twice.
00:08:12its remuneration has been adjusted a lot, and there's also the part about political
00:08:15decisions. The vast majority of that are the premiums for
00:08:19renewables when it was a time of very mature technology, but
00:08:22these were still technologies that were not very efficient, and parks and parks
00:08:26and parks of these technologies were paid for at very high prices, with this theory that the
00:08:29government has that most of the costs of the electricity bill are fixed and
00:08:33that therefore they must be paid regardless of what is not consumed, that part of the
00:08:37bill is constantly growing. The bill is getting bigger and bigger.
00:08:40The bill is getting bigger and bigger.
00:08:52they already have decades of
00:08:55regulation made to measure
00:08:57and if you want to do something
00:09:00new that does not come out in favor
00:09:04of the current oligopoly there is always some
00:09:07rule of the game that
00:09:09prevents you.
00:09:18Little by little, the idea emerged that it would be worthwhile to
00:09:21start an electricity production cooperative
00:09:24with other
00:09:27people.
00:09:29I believe the most important thing we have done so far is to show that there is another
00:09:33possible model
00:09:36and we have shown that a cooperative can
00:09:40offer the same service or even more
00:09:44than others. Dutch economist Heisberg Jaging is the founder of Som Energia,
00:09:48the first green energy cooperative in the state, based in
00:09:52Girona. Heisberg lives in
00:09:55l'Estany, in a house that is almost 100% sustainable.
00:09:59When they were installed 9 years ago, these panels produced
00:10:03130% of our annual needs
00:10:06and right now, for a year,
00:10:09a year and a half, we have an electric car that...
00:10:25I see a 100% renewable
00:10:28future in Spain and in Catalonia as perfectly
00:10:31possible.
00:10:36Among all technologies, especially photovoltaic is
00:10:40revolutionary, because it's not only about producing clean
00:10:44energy, and in a very easy
00:10:47way, but you can do it anywhere in the world,
00:10:51with
00:10:54the biggest effect right now, you can see it in
00:10:57Africa and countries like India where people
00:11:00used to not have electricity,
00:11:03and now with a solar panel installed in a day,
00:11:06they have a small battery and they have electricity
00:11:10supply. They no longer need all the infrastructure we
00:11:13have. That's what changes the
00:11:17world.
00:11:23Som Energia was founded in 2010.
00:11:25It has over 35,000 members and already exceeds
00:11:2852,000 electricity contracts.
00:11:31We have updated offers from
00:11:35other panel producers. They have just launched a solar park in
00:11:38Seville and are already working on the second. Their main novelty
00:11:42is called Generation kWh, a project that
00:11:45allows members to produce green energy collectively, without
00:11:49being subject to the uncertainties of the electricity
00:11:51market, recovering the initial investment in 25
00:11:56years. Our main goal
00:11:59electricity that all members use,
00:12:02and to continue promoting new
00:12:05plants, we have to invent a new
00:12:08system of financing or a new
00:12:12collective self-supply system, which is
00:12:16precisely Generation kWh. It's not a
00:12:20generation of people who
00:12:22self-produce what they use.
00:12:36Som Energia shows this alternative model to the electricity oligopoly
00:12:40to all interested people. This is taken care of
00:12:43by the 25 local groups it has throughout the peninsular
00:12:46territory. Today, one of these groups visits the
00:12:49Alcolea del Rio plant, 50 km from Seville, in
00:12:53which the members have invested.
00:13:12I live in an apartment in the city center and it's not
00:13:16possible for me to have solar panels for
00:13:18self-production. This way of collective
00:13:22self-production is a formula to
00:13:25solve this, right? Collectively, we are able to produce the
00:13:29energy that we can consume in our homes.
00:13:31in our homes.
00:13:36I suppose our growth has a lot to do with
00:13:40not so much because we're good, but perhaps because others
00:13:44do it so badly or so
00:13:47brazenly, as the government is
00:13:50doing in the country in Europe with the most solar radiation.
00:13:54Almost, it's a worldwide example,
00:13:57the biggest example in Spain of how to put obstacles in the way
00:14:01of
00:14:01renewables.
00:14:06We are here in Lora del Rio, which is actually a town
00:14:10that is 3-4 km from Alcolea del Rio, which is where the
00:14:14other plant we have is located, which has been operating for a year.
00:14:17The idea here is to do a similar project to that one,
00:14:21a little bit divide.
00:14:26generation cost prices are starting to emerge which for us,
00:14:29who have no financial costs because we
00:14:33are financed 100% by the contributions of the members, is already coming out at a
00:14:36lower price than the market price.
00:14:40All
00:14:54sectors involved in facing climate change express the same
00:14:58desire: we must be able to produce 100% renewable
00:15:01energy in the next three or four
00:15:05decades. But will it be
00:15:07possible? Germany has set out to do so with the
00:15:11governmental program Energiewende, energy
00:15:14transition, which aims to reach 80% renewable
00:15:18energy by 2050.
00:15:19The small town of Friam,
00:15:26a municipality in the state of Baden-Württemberg, with just over
00:15:294,000 inhabitants, is a small-scale
00:15:32example.
00:15:33In Freiamt, last
00:15:39year we produced 22 million
00:15:41kilowatts, while the energy
00:15:45we consumed was only half.
00:15:49The rest we fed into the electricity grid and
00:15:53we obtained an income for the community.
00:15:56Our
00:16:00energy production consists of 80%
00:16:04wind, 15% photovoltaic,
00:16:08and the remaining 4%
00:16:11is biomass.
00:16:17On this farm, several generations of the Rainball family
00:16:21have lived from agriculture and livestock since the 16th
00:16:24century. In 2002, they converted
00:16:27it into a biogas
00:16:28power plant.
00:16:46Before, our final product was meat and now it is energy and heat.
00:17:00Every year we sell more than a million
00:17:02kilowatts.
00:17:08This is enough energy to supply approximately
00:17:11400 or 500 homes, and with our
00:17:14photovoltaic installations we can
00:17:17supply about 80 more
00:17:19homes.
00:17:27The town of Freiamt is proud
00:17:30to receive visitors from all over the world
00:17:33and to be asked how it can be built.
00:17:42Visitors come from almost all over the world, from
00:17:45Asia, Japan and South Korea, to
00:17:49India, South Africa and even Mexico and
00:17:52America, Canada and Europe.
00:17:55I can't say when was the last time we had a visitor from
00:17:59Spain.
00:18:05Will all of Germany be able to run only on renewable energies like
00:18:08Freiamt in the near
00:18:10future?
00:18:13Renewable energies produce electricity irregularly,
00:18:16meaning that when there is no sun or wind, there is no
00:18:20electricity. The main challenge of the energy
00:18:23transition is to find the most suitable system to
00:18:27combine all renewable energies so that they complement each
00:18:30other and to store them and be able to use them at all
00:18:34times, even when there is no production.
00:18:38Meanwhile, Germany is experiencing the great contradiction of combining the closure of nuclear
00:18:41power plants that do not emit CO2 with a sharp
00:18:44increase in coal consumption, the most polluting fossil
00:18:48fuel.
00:18:50In the next five years, all nuclear power plants will have to be
00:18:54shut down.
00:18:58We will have renewable energies, basically solar and
00:19:01wind. And finally, in the next 20 years,
00:19:04we will close the coal power plants.
00:19:08The German energy transition, for me, what it has best, what it emphasizes
00:19:12most, is the rapid abandonment of nuclear
00:19:15energy. Merkel closed the nuclear power plants
00:19:19because she had to win with the
00:19:21green votes, but to compensate for this
00:19:25she has had to import all the coal
00:19:29at this moment, even if only temporarily, Germany,
00:19:33to support the penetration of its
00:19:35renewable industry, has become one of the main emitters of
00:19:39carbon dioxide in
00:19:41Europe.
00:19:44This is the paradox of the German energy transition, because on
00:19:48the one hand we will have increased the proportion of renewable
00:19:50energy, but on the other hand we still have a large amount of
00:19:54coal. This is due to the pressures of the nuclear and coal
00:19:57plants that want more time to adapt, and that is why
00:20:01the involvement of renewables will be more complicated from
00:20:05now on.
00:20:13The success of the energy transition depends on reducing our
00:20:16energy consumption and on producing our own
00:20:19electricity.
00:20:23The Boban neighborhood in the city of Freiburg, near the Black Forest,
00:20:26is a good example. Here
00:20:29is the Solar Siedlung, Germany's most famous solar
00:20:32development, 59 prefabricated houses built
00:20:36completely of wood. The idea is
00:20:39that we all become prosumers, proactive
00:20:42consumers, meaning that we are both producers and
00:20:46consumers, and solar energy is the cheapest and also the one we have most at hand.
00:20:50Rolf Dish is the architect who designed the Bobant neighborhood and from
00:20:54here he works on sustainable projects throughout
00:20:57Germany.
00:21:00The unique characteristic of this community is also that these are energy
00:21:05that throughout the year they generate more energy than they
00:21:08consume. The energy produced that is not
00:21:11consumed is fed into the public electricity grid. The sun sends
00:21:15us no
00:21:16bill.
00:21:32My wife and I spend approximately 2,400 kW
00:21:35per year and we generate between 6,500 and
00:21:397,500.
00:21:44It's a very positive balance.
00:21:47This house charges us in return.
00:21:52It's surprising,
00:21:53isn't it?
00:21:57Solar construction is constantly increasing. When we did it,
00:22:00we were practically alone, today many people also do
00:22:04it.
00:22:07According to the European Union directive, in three years
00:22:10it will no longer be possible to build in any other way. Houses will have to
00:22:13produce the energy they
00:22:14consume.
00:22:24And in 2020 all new general type buildings will
00:22:27have to be nearly zero-energy buildings. These
00:22:31nearly zero-energy buildings will be very well-insulated buildings that
00:22:35will have to generate energy
00:22:39with renewable and local sources.
00:22:42Therefore, you will have to design in a completely different way than has been done so far, the
00:22:46architects concerned. Every week they hold some of their
00:23:00classes at the solar dau in the Sant Mus neighborhood in Rubí, a
00:23:03civic space shared by neighbors, university students, and students, a
00:23:07100% self-sufficient space completely
00:23:10disconnected from the electricity grid.
00:23:13A poorly insulated building.
00:23:18With heating and hot water that is
00:23:20produced electrically, it is a ticking time bomb in the hands of people with low
00:23:24incomes. Renewable energies are absolutely
00:23:28essential to combat energy poverty,
00:23:31why? Because renewable energies take us out, take us
00:23:34out of the direct market and therefore, from the wild
00:23:38oscillations that the market has, specifically
00:23:41electricity.
00:23:46Coke and Dani have designed and directed the renovation of an
00:23:50office with 21 social housing units built in
00:23:532005. At that time, energy
00:23:57efficiency criteria from the technical building code
00:24:01incorporated. The rehabilitation, which was coordinated by
00:24:05the Catalan Housing Agency, was completed in 2015.
00:24:08With the insulation of the
00:24:11building and the installation of photovoltaic panels, the living
00:24:14conditions of the residents changed
00:24:16radically.
00:24:21Before the building, people left because they paid more for electricity
00:24:24costs than for rent
00:24:28costs, and therefore the homes
00:24:30became uninhabitable. When we
00:24:33entered the apartments, we found, systematically, apartments
00:24:37that were at 12 degrees throughout the day, and even apartments
00:24:41that in winter there were days when they dropped below
00:24:4510 degrees and were at a lower temperature inside than
00:24:48outside.
00:25:2016 degrees continuously, the risk
00:25:23is high. As we go down degree by degree, it becomes
00:25:27higher. This entails extremely high health costs and
00:25:31the shortening of life.
00:25:33The building, facing north and poorly insulated, needed a lot
00:25:37of electricity to heat the apartments. Residents,
00:25:40unable to pay exorbitant bills, opted for
00:25:44cheaper but less efficient alternative
00:25:47heating systems, and the indoor temperature often dropped
00:25:51to 12 degrees. The intervention consisted of cladding the entire
00:25:54building with an insulating layer, transforming the
00:25:58terraces into galleries, installing double windows, and also
00:26:01photovoltaic panels. The results were
00:26:05spectacular. The comfort temperature in the apartments
00:26:08rose to 21 degrees and the electricity bill
00:26:12dropped to a quarter. The fact that
00:26:15the building is owned by a single owner, the Catalan Housing Agency,
00:26:18has made it possible to unify all meters into a single one and lower the
00:26:22contracted power. This has
00:26:26the electricity bill. Spanish law does not make it easy for
00:26:30several neighbors to share electricity consumption infrastructure
00:26:33in the same building, such as a single meter or photovoltaic
00:26:36panels.
00:26:44Here we enter the meter room, which is not a conventional meter room; there is a
00:26:47single meter.
00:26:50This measure saves us a lot of money, because if
00:26:53we contracted electricity independently as is usual, in
00:26:57this case we had 107 kW of contracted power. The
00:27:00single meter allows us
00:27:03to contract only 45
00:27:06the bill, which is the most impactful, the most damaging, is drastically
00:27:10reduced. This allows for very significant savings, helped, of course, by
00:27:13the introduction of photovoltaic energy, which has a zero
00:27:15cost.
00:27:22If the reforms had not been made, those families we photographed
00:27:265 years ago, with today's bill structure, would be paying
00:27:29€1,200 a year for their electricity
00:27:33bill because of the heating and other things. By having made
00:27:37these reforms, this annual bill is €350
00:27:41a year, so the savings are a factor of 4,
00:27:44divided by four. We think that we have a very
00:27:50on the order of 22 million homes that are inefficient. Therefore,
00:27:53in the future, the entire process of improving these
00:27:57buildings will be what gives
00:28:00construction.
00:28:02Will we be able to light and heat our homes, maintain our industry,
00:28:06or drive our vehicles only with renewable
00:28:10energy? Experts have opposing
00:28:13opinions on this issue, but they agree
00:28:16on the same idea. A 100%
00:28:19sustainable future requires more responsible energy
00:28:23consumption.
00:28:27There are those who believe that all the energy we currently
00:28:31consume can be offset by renewable energy. There are other people who are more pessimistic,
00:28:34and I include myself among them, who think that only a fraction
00:28:38of the total can be compensated, if we do it well, the challenge for
00:28:42Catalonia is very ambitious, but we have to
00:28:45get to it, that it is ambitious and probably
00:28:49difficult, does not mean that it is not possible.
00:28:51possible.
00:28:55the electricity we consume in Catalonia is of
00:28:58nuclear origin, and a quarter of the total
00:29:00we obtain it. fossil fuels, while clean
00:29:04energies are 21%, and
00:29:07solar energy is only
00:29:092%. This great dependence on nuclear
00:29:13energy, which makes Catalonia a very decarbonized country,
00:29:17because it does not emit CO2, greatly conditions the energy
00:29:20transition. According to the National Energy Transition
00:29:23Plan of the Generalitat, by 2050,
00:29:26100% of electricity will have to be of renewable origin,
00:29:30and we will have to produce a part of it ourselves. at home. This is precisely
00:29:33what energy transition is, because there is increasingly
00:29:37more technology on the market, at competitive prices that allow you to do it, that
00:29:41allow the citizen not to have to consume energy that
00:29:45was produced in Saudi Arabia, for example, that large companies
00:29:48have transported it here, that once it has arrived here, they have transformed it into large
00:29:52transformation plants and then with transport and distribution lines they have brought it
00:29:56home.
00:30:00All this now suddenly, there is technology that... that you do it
00:30:08renewable energies is still very complicated due to all the bureaucratic
00:30:12obstacles they find in the administrations, everything
00:30:15that breathes the new
00:30:18energy model, braking, stopping,
00:30:21inverted taxation, you say
00:30:24well, this is not the country we want, in Spain they have managed to prove,
00:30:27I already lost count when they had 13 or 14 of the last
00:30:31five.