Google Cloud Speech-to-Text API (Chirp) + Gemini 2.5 Flash Non-Thinking. Treat it as a searchable index of what was broadcast, not a quotation record.
00:00:30at his main threat, as he
00:00:33believed, was Hitler's Germany, which
00:00:37declared war and
00:00:40carried out aerial terror against Great Britain,
00:00:44then he fought against it, and
00:00:47accordingly he welcomed the Soviet Union as his
00:00:51ally, but this welcome was
00:00:54a temporary step. Not so long ago in Great Britain,
00:00:58secret archives were declassified. Winston Churchill, judging by
00:01:01the notes that the English Prime Minister left for internal
00:01:05use, it was the Soviet Union that was for Churchill
00:01:08a state threatening the security of all
00:01:11Europe. A terrible
00:01:14catastrophe would have occurred if Russian barbarism had destroyed
00:01:17the culture and independence of ancient European
00:01:20states. From Winston Churchill's secret memorandum
00:01:23of October 1942.
00:01:27The inevitable victory of the Soviets
00:01:30became obvious already at the beginning of 1943.
00:01:33The allies applauded the Soviet
00:01:36troops, admired the feat of the soldiers and
00:01:39officers in the Battle of Stalingrad. King
00:01:42George presented the famous
00:01:45sword to the defenders of Stalingrad, which is one of
00:01:49the highest achievements of 20th century arms
00:01:53art, and which had previously been exhibited in London, and
00:01:56Churchill solemnly presented this sword in Tehran.
00:02:00Stalin kissed it,
00:02:03and it was written there, "To the inhabitants of the city of Steel
00:02:06from the grateful British people," and so
00:02:10on. And at the same time, Churchill wrote down
00:02:13the theses that he would follow until the end
00:02:16of the war. Quickly occupy Germany,
00:02:19key points, in the north,
00:02:22possibly in the south, forces were divided,
00:02:26American and British, so
00:02:29that... when the Soviet Union entered the territory
00:02:32of Germany, all the most important
00:02:36and useful areas would be
00:02:40captured. Undoubtedly, this
00:02:43is an anti-Soviet, this is a hostile
00:02:46plan against the Soviet Union, which
00:02:49was an ally of both Great Britain and
00:02:53the USA in the anti-Hitler coalition. Perhaps,
00:02:56this was the true goal of opening
00:03:00the second front. Using the Nazi regime against
00:03:03Russia was Churchill's obsession. In
00:03:061943,
00:03:10after the turning point in the war, when it was already clear to the world
00:03:13that the collapse of the Third Reich was inevitable,
00:03:16the headquarters of the Allied forces developed
00:03:19a plan codenamed Rankin.
00:03:22The main goal of the plan was to preempt the Soviet
00:03:25Union in seizing territories controlled by Nazi
00:03:28Germany. To push the border of contact between the Anglo-American
00:03:32bloc and the Soviet Union
00:03:35as far east as possible, so that the Soviet Union
00:03:38would advance as little as possible to the west. Russian
00:03:42armies will undoubtedly seize all of Austria and enter
00:03:45Vienna. If they also seize Berlin, will they not get
00:03:49an exaggerated idea that they made
00:03:52an overwhelming contribution to our common victory? If
00:03:56Berlin is within our reach, we must undoubtedly
00:04:00take it. From Churchill's letter to Roosevelt
00:04:03on April 1, 1944. In May
00:04:071944, a month after this letter,
00:04:11an event occurred that personally concerned Winston Churchill.
00:04:14The participants of this special operation remained silent for
00:04:1870 years, and only recently were the memoirs of
00:04:21Konstantin Kvashnin, a Soviet intelligence officer,
00:04:24an officer of our mission in Yugoslavia, a man
00:04:28to whom Randolph Churchill, the only son of the all-powerful
00:04:31British Prime Minister, owed his life,
00:04:35published. Randolph Churchill represented the British mission in
00:04:38Yugoslavia. He, in fact, maintained communication between the British
00:04:42government and Tito. The Yugoslav revolutionary,
00:04:45military and party leader, head of the partisan movement in
00:04:49Yugoslavia, future general secretary of the Communist Party
00:04:52and later the first president of the country. For
00:04:56Tito's head, the German command announced an incredible...
00:05:00reward of 100,000 Reichsmarks, but despite this, no one
00:05:03betrayed him. In the spring of 1944,
00:05:07a special operation, Rossel
00:05:10Sprung, Knight's Move, was developed. Tito's headquarters and the English
00:05:14mission were supposed to be surrounded, to capture
00:05:17the Yugoslav marshal, along with him and Randolph
00:05:20Churchill. The operation was decided to be carried out by the forces
00:05:24of the 50th SS battalion. What is the 50th battalion? These are
00:05:27penal battalions. Penal battalions in Germany, just
00:05:31like here, were the most
00:05:34effective units. These were
00:05:37motivated people, in penal battalions, German
00:05:40penal battalions.
00:05:42crimes, and so that they could atone, so
00:05:46to speak, for their crimes, they
00:05:49were sent to the most, so to speak, responsible
00:05:52places. The operation, sanctioned by Himmler,
00:05:56involved the encirclement of Tito's headquarters, his capture or
00:05:59destruction. This was supposed to change the course of the war in
00:06:03the Balkans. Randolph Churchill and our military missions found themselves in a
00:06:06very difficult position, being practically blocked from
00:06:09all sides, and indeed. Kvashnin
00:06:13actually personally saved
00:06:16Churchill. For five days, German
00:06:20special forces pursued our representatives through
00:06:23the mountains. We were herded through the mountains until June
00:06:268, like a flock of sheep, walking only at night. It's hard
00:06:30to imagine now, but then we were on the march for about 100
00:06:33hours, with rare hour-long stops, from the diary of
00:06:37Soviet intelligence officer Konstantin Kvashnin. One
00:06:40night, the Germans surrounded the group. Oh, there was only one way
00:06:44out: down a steep slope. Randolph
00:06:46covered Kvashnin. At the most dangerous moment, the son of the English
00:06:50prime minister nearly doomed the entire rescue operation to
00:06:53failure. Churchill Jr. was always characterized by an excessive
00:06:57love for alcoholic beverages, however, on June 8, this weakness
00:07:01could have cost not only him his life. At the most unexpected
00:07:05moment, a half-drunk Randolph suddenly began to sing, and did not
00:07:08react to the order to be silent. We just had to knock him out and...
00:07:29Churchill to a safe territory. Should
00:07:33and could the British Prime Minister change
00:07:36his policy towards the USSR after
00:07:39his son was saved by a Soviet intelligence officer?
00:07:43The answer to this question was the decision of the British
00:07:46Prime Minister to forget about who his son
00:07:49owed his life to. For Churchill, the USSR remained
00:07:53the main strategic adversary, and the further west
00:07:56our troops advanced, the more ambitious Churchill's
00:08:00plans to contain the USSR became. He suggested
00:08:03to Montgomery that the collected trophy weapons
00:08:07be stored in warehouses specifically in Germany, so that they could
00:08:11be quickly distributed to German prisoners, if necessary,
00:08:14to form some armed formations,
00:08:18strike groups from them. Even
00:08:22after the fall of the Third Reich, at the demand of the Imperial
00:08:25General Staff of Great Britain, in the English zone
00:08:28of occupation of Germany, former soldiers and officers of
00:08:32the Reich were kept in combat readiness and even
00:08:35trained. According to the materials
00:08:38I came across in prisoner-of-war camps. The organization of the offensive
00:09:53was entrusted to the former commander of the Royal
00:10:02Artillery, Brigadier General Geoffrey
00:10:05Thompson. The plan envisaged a massive
00:10:08offensive by British and American divisions against
00:10:11Berlin. beyond its borders. The goal
00:10:15was to push back the Soviet Union to the Oder-Neisse
00:10:17line, which actually meant conquering, among other things,
00:10:20Poland. This is a wild thing, an absolutely wild thing,
00:10:23exhausting the circle. A weakened Soviet state
00:10:27is facing a new aggression. In Operation
00:10:31Unthinkable, it was planned to use over
00:10:34800 tanks. Moreover, Thompson proposed
00:10:37using the surviving forces of the Wehrmacht and SS,
00:10:41and it was also supposed to include economic levers.
00:10:44Part of the Unthinkable plan was
00:10:48to limit supplies to the Soviet
00:10:50Union, the most critical, as they
00:10:54identified, needs of the Soviet Union in
00:10:57rubber and other materials, thus,
00:11:01yesterday's ally, the Soviet
00:11:04Union, already became an adversary, and
00:11:07against it, the development of economic
00:11:11sanctions and real military
00:11:13actions was already underway. It was assumed that on July 1,
00:11:161945, Operation Unthinkable against
00:11:20the USSR would begin with 47 English
00:11:23and American divisions. And 12 German
00:11:27divisions, those very ones that the allies kept in reserve
00:11:30in Schleswig-Holstein and southern Denmark, would support them. The final goal
00:11:34was clearly defined: complete defeat and
00:11:38surrender of the USSR, but in the main
00:11:41the Prime Minister of Great Britain miscalculated.
00:11:44It was assumed that the Soviet Union, the troops were tired, not in
00:11:47a state, so to speak, one could say the same about the Anglo-American
00:11:51troops. The Soviet Union had impressive
00:12:25Marshal Zhukov unexpectedly decided in June
00:12:281945 to regroup his forces,
00:12:31received an order from Moscow to strengthen the defense and
00:12:35carefully study the deployment of Western
00:12:38Allied troops. From an interview with Professor Erikson
00:12:41of Edinburgh University. In
00:12:442021, journalists of the English edition
00:12:47"The Telegraph," while studying materials related to World
00:12:51War II, discovered in the national archives Plan
00:12:54Unthinkable. To this day, this document with Winston
00:12:57Churchill's autograph is kept in a folder titled
00:13:01"Russia, a Threat to Western Civilization." But even after
00:13:05his closest associates and allies refused to
00:13:08participate in Churchill's global military venture, he
00:13:12continued to make grand plans against the Soviet
00:13:15Union. As already
00:13:18in the depths the Chiefs of Staff Committee
00:13:21is developing, under Churchill's
00:13:25leadership, a document called "The Security
00:13:29of the British Empire," which describes as if
00:13:32everything that would happen during the Cold War,
00:13:35this rigid, impenetrable barrier between the sphere
00:13:39of influence of the Soviet Union, and Western Europe - this unification
00:13:42of Western Europe under the auspices of the Anglo-Saxons. True,
00:13:46he no longer had any real leverage to implement
00:13:49it. At the end of July 1945, the all-powerful
00:13:53prime minister became
00:13:56A cholera epidemic in besieged Stalingrad. The disease
00:14:00had already captured the front-line areas and was actively spreading through
00:14:04the city. It had to be stopped immediately.
00:14:07Is it true that the vaccine that existed at that time turned
00:14:11out to be ineffective? And was it really possible to stop
00:14:14the epidemic thanks to a revolutionary drug
00:14:17created by microbiologist Zinaida Yermolyeva, right in a Stalingrad
00:14:20basement? They started making saline bacteriophages
00:14:23using beef broth, it's not a fact
00:14:27that today
00:14:28at 12:50,
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00:18:46On July 5, 1945,
00:18:49during the elections to the Parliament of Great Britain, the Conservative
00:18:52Party, and Winston Churchill suffered a
00:18:55defeat. On July 26, Churchill resigned.
00:18:59The retired prime minister began writing memoirs and speaking to
00:19:02students. On March 5, 1946.
00:19:06In Missouri,
00:19:09USA. Winston Churchill delivers a speech at
00:19:12Westminster College in Fulton. Later it
00:19:15would be called the Fulton Speech. It marked a new period in
00:19:19relations between the Soviet Union and the West, the Cold
00:19:23War.
00:19:26An iron curtain had descended across
00:19:28the entire continent. Behind this line lay all
00:19:32the capitals of the ancient states of Central and
00:19:35Eastern Europe. Warsaw,
00:19:38Berlin, Prague, Vienna,
00:19:42Budapest, Belgrade,
00:19:45Bucharest, and Sofia. All
00:19:48these famous cities with their surrounding populations are
00:19:51within what I must call the Soviet
00:19:54sphere.
00:19:57And all of them, in one form or another,
00:20:00are objects not only of Soviet influence, but of very
00:20:04high, in some cases even growing.
00:20:50He loved the cognacs of the Soviet
00:20:53Union, but
00:20:56after the Fulton speech, all this stopped.
00:20:59The Fulton speech became the culmination of Winston
00:21:02Churchill's hypocritical policy. The former Prime Minister of
00:21:06Britain openly called on America and Europe to unite and
00:21:10declared that Western countries must have
00:21:13complete military superiority over the USSR. While the Third
00:21:16Reich existed, it was a common enemy, as soon as the common enemy
00:21:20disappeared, then those images of the Soviet Union
00:21:23and Bolshevism that existed in Great Britain
00:21:27in the 1920s were revived, but
00:21:30dropping the iron curtain seemed insufficient to
00:21:33Churchill, he needed to destroy
00:21:37the Soviet Union as soon as possible and with someone else's
00:21:40hands. In files declassified in 2014 by
00:21:43the FBI, a sensational document was found. It turned out that as early
00:21:46as 1947, Churchill, in a private conversation,
00:21:50asked Senator Styles Bridges to persuade US
00:21:54President Harry Truman to launch
00:21:56a pre-emptive nuclear strike against the USSR. Field Marshal
00:22:00Allenbrooke specifically notes that Churchill did mention
00:22:04the possibility of using nuclear weapons against the Soviet
00:22:08Union. From the late 1940s to the mid-
00:22:101950s of the 20th century, the Anglo-Saxon world
00:22:14literally churned out plans for nuclear bombardments of Soviet
00:22:18cities. One of the key ones was
00:22:40the United States, thirty of the largest,
00:22:43most important from an economic, administrative
00:22:46and political point of view for the Soviets.
00:22:50Nuclear weapons will be used by both
00:22:53sides, other types of weapons of mass destruction,
00:22:57radiological, biological and chemical weapons
00:23:00may be used by either side, taking into
00:23:03account considerations of retaliation and effectiveness.
00:23:07Plan Dropshot, Chapter 1, Section 4, Paragraph
00:23:1114. Plan Dropshot consisted of four
00:23:15phases. The first phase involved the start of nuclear
00:23:18bombardment of the USSR. The second - large-scale offensive
00:23:22operations along the entire front line by all branches
00:23:24of the armed forces, the third - offensive operations
00:23:27until the moment of surrender of
00:23:30the USSR. The fourth phase - establishing complete
00:23:33control over the Soviet Union. According to
00:23:36experts, the implementation of the plan was only stopped by the appearance
00:23:40of the atomic weapon in the Soviet Union. This,
00:23:44of course, forced our
00:23:46leadership to intensively engage in creating. represented
00:24:33the main
00:24:34threat
00:24:39to the Western world, the famous Iron
00:24:42Lady is deservedly considered one of
00:24:45the ideologues of the collapse of the USSR, which, of course,
00:24:49is no accident, if one remembers that her
00:24:51political idol was none other than
00:24:55Sir Winston
00:24:56Churchill.
00:26:12July 1942,
00:26:15Stalingrad. Intelligence reports from behind the front lines indicated
00:26:18that cholera had broken out in German units, and the disease could easily
00:26:22spread to Soviet soldiers. There was no time
00:26:25for vaccination, and the city was overflowing with evacuees, lacking
00:26:29even clean water. If the spread of the disease
00:26:33was not stopped immediately, an epidemic was inevitable.
00:26:36Cholera is an acute infection that affects
00:26:40a person within a few days, and sometimes even hours,
00:26:43can lead to death, and despite the fact
00:26:47that a vaccine for this disease was developed back in the late 19th
00:26:50century, it only works for about half a year, after
00:26:54which a person can become re-infected.
00:26:57At the same time, the pathogen itself
00:27:00cannot be completely destroyed; it continues to remain in water bodies and
00:27:04becomes active in unsanitary conditions.
00:27:08In the summer of 1942, near Stalingrad, fierce
00:27:10battles were taking place, a huge number of fallen
00:27:14soldiers remained at the battle sites. Soon,
00:27:17the Germans began to develop various infectious
00:27:21diseases, among which was
00:27:25cholera.
00:27:28Stalingrad at that time was intensively preparing for defense. Hundreds of thousands
00:27:31of soldiers passed through the city to the front, and
00:27:35continuously, steamers and railway trains with
00:27:38cargo and evacuees departed from it to Astrakhan and
00:27:41Saratov. In a matter of days, the epidemic could spread to
00:27:45neighboring cities and
00:27:46regions.
00:27:50Cholera spreads very quickly, through
00:27:53contaminated food, water, through contact with
00:27:56an infected person. Within a few weeks,
00:27:59the infection could claim lives.
00:28:02of people, both civilians and military, and
00:28:06hospitals were already overcrowded
00:28:08with wounded, which sounded like a death sentence for
00:28:11Stalingrad. To prevent an epidemic, the People's Commissariat
00:28:14of Health of the USSR urgently sent Professor
00:28:18Zinaida Yermolyeva, a microbiologist,
00:28:22to the city on the Volga, and today we have
00:28:24to find out: is it true that the vaccine that existed at that time
00:28:28was powerless against cholera in Stalingrad?
00:28:32Did the Germans really destroy all the drugs for the deadly
00:28:36disease that were sent to the city on the Volga?
00:28:40Well, and did Zinaida Yermolyeva manage
00:28:43to develop a revolutionary drug
00:28:47in the basement? This is Raratkeshchan and the program is not
00:28:50a fact. Now we will
00:28:52find out everything.
00:28:57Large-scale measures to combat the epidemic. Everyone without
00:29:00exception in Stalingrad, and that's over a million
00:29:03people were given cholera
00:29:06bacteriophage, the risk of the disease spreading in
00:29:10Stalingrad was not there was no time for this, and new
00:29:13challenges for doctors: dressings and
00:29:16antiseptics did not
00:29:18help.
00:29:23Cholera has been known since the 6th century BC through monuments of
00:29:26ancient culture. Its symptoms were described in
00:29:29ancient Indian Sanskrit manuscripts, where the disease
00:29:33was called the great plague. The toxin, that is, the poison, which
00:29:37the cholera vibrio secretes, affects the human
00:29:40intestine, in a short time leads to severe
00:29:43dehydration. At that time, they had not yet learned
00:29:46how to treat cholera, and it caused panic among
00:29:50people. They did not know how and tried to run away from its
00:29:53source, as a result of which infected people spread
00:29:56the pathogen even
00:29:58faster.
00:30:00The microorganism that causes the disease
00:30:03was discovered in 1883 by the German
00:30:07scientist Robert Koch, who called
00:30:10it the cholera comma
00:30:13because of its curved shape.
00:30:17Primarily, people get cholera; the infection
00:30:21affects everyone without exception, but depending on
00:30:24immunity, the disease progresses differently.
00:30:27To prevent the spread
00:30:30of infection, it is extremely important
00:30:33to detect it in time, isolate the sick person, and start their
00:30:37treatment.
00:30:40To combat cholera in July 1942,
00:30:43microbiologist Zinaida Yermolyeva flew from Moscow. There was no time
00:30:47to prepare, so the professor took with her only the most
00:30:50necessary diagnostic preparations and serums. Yermolyeva
00:30:53went to Stalingrad by military transport
00:30:57aircraft. The front line then ran not far from...