Russia: Zvezda

20260920 09:30 UTC · 00:30:59 · 437 transcript segments · GDELT Visual Explorer · plain-text transcript · Event Map

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Transcript

Google Cloud Speech-to-Text API (Chirp) + Gemini 2.5 Flash Non-Thinking. Treat it as a searchable index of what was broadcast, not a quotation record.

00:00:30at his main threat, as he
00:00:33believed, was Hitler's Germany, which
00:00:37declared war and
00:00:40carried out aerial terror against Great Britain,
00:00:44then he fought against it, and
00:00:47accordingly he welcomed the Soviet Union as his
00:00:51ally, but this welcome was
00:00:54a temporary step. Not so long ago in Great Britain,
00:00:58secret archives were declassified. Winston Churchill, judging by
00:01:01the notes that the English Prime Minister left for internal
00:01:05use, it was the Soviet Union that was for Churchill
00:01:08a state threatening the security of all
00:01:11Europe. A terrible
00:01:14catastrophe would have occurred if Russian barbarism had destroyed
00:01:17the culture and independence of ancient European
00:01:20states. From Winston Churchill's secret memorandum
00:01:23of October 1942.
00:01:27The inevitable victory of the Soviets
00:01:30became obvious already at the beginning of 1943.
00:01:33The allies applauded the Soviet
00:01:36troops, admired the feat of the soldiers and
00:01:39officers in the Battle of Stalingrad. King
00:01:42George presented the famous
00:01:45sword to the defenders of Stalingrad, which is one of
00:01:49the highest achievements of 20th century arms
00:01:53art, and which had previously been exhibited in London, and
00:01:56Churchill solemnly presented this sword in Tehran.
00:02:00Stalin kissed it,
00:02:03and it was written there, "To the inhabitants of the city of Steel
00:02:06from the grateful British people," and so
00:02:10on. And at the same time, Churchill wrote down
00:02:13the theses that he would follow until the end
00:02:16of the war. Quickly occupy Germany,
00:02:19key points, in the north,
00:02:22possibly in the south, forces were divided,
00:02:26American and British, so
00:02:29that... when the Soviet Union entered the territory
00:02:32of Germany, all the most important
00:02:36and useful areas would be
00:02:40captured. Undoubtedly, this
00:02:43is an anti-Soviet, this is a hostile
00:02:46plan against the Soviet Union, which
00:02:49was an ally of both Great Britain and
00:02:53the USA in the anti-Hitler coalition. Perhaps,
00:02:56this was the true goal of opening
00:03:00the second front. Using the Nazi regime against
00:03:03Russia was Churchill's obsession. In
00:03:061943,
00:03:10after the turning point in the war, when it was already clear to the world
00:03:13that the collapse of the Third Reich was inevitable,
00:03:16the headquarters of the Allied forces developed
00:03:19a plan codenamed Rankin.
00:03:22The main goal of the plan was to preempt the Soviet
00:03:25Union in seizing territories controlled by Nazi
00:03:28Germany. To push the border of contact between the Anglo-American
00:03:32bloc and the Soviet Union
00:03:35as far east as possible, so that the Soviet Union
00:03:38would advance as little as possible to the west. Russian
00:03:42armies will undoubtedly seize all of Austria and enter
00:03:45Vienna. If they also seize Berlin, will they not get
00:03:49an exaggerated idea that they made
00:03:52an overwhelming contribution to our common victory? If
00:03:56Berlin is within our reach, we must undoubtedly
00:04:00take it. From Churchill's letter to Roosevelt
00:04:03on April 1, 1944. In May
00:04:071944, a month after this letter,
00:04:11an event occurred that personally concerned Winston Churchill.
00:04:14The participants of this special operation remained silent for
00:04:1870 years, and only recently were the memoirs of
00:04:21Konstantin Kvashnin, a Soviet intelligence officer,
00:04:24an officer of our mission in Yugoslavia, a man
00:04:28to whom Randolph Churchill, the only son of the all-powerful
00:04:31British Prime Minister, owed his life,
00:04:35published. Randolph Churchill represented the British mission in
00:04:38Yugoslavia. He, in fact, maintained communication between the British
00:04:42government and Tito. The Yugoslav revolutionary,
00:04:45military and party leader, head of the partisan movement in
00:04:49Yugoslavia, future general secretary of the Communist Party
00:04:52and later the first president of the country. For
00:04:56Tito's head, the German command announced an incredible...
00:05:00reward of 100,000 Reichsmarks, but despite this, no one
00:05:03betrayed him. In the spring of 1944,
00:05:07a special operation, Rossel
00:05:10Sprung, Knight's Move, was developed. Tito's headquarters and the English
00:05:14mission were supposed to be surrounded, to capture
00:05:17the Yugoslav marshal, along with him and Randolph
00:05:20Churchill. The operation was decided to be carried out by the forces
00:05:24of the 50th SS battalion. What is the 50th battalion? These are
00:05:27penal battalions. Penal battalions in Germany, just
00:05:31like here, were the most
00:05:34effective units. These were
00:05:37motivated people, in penal battalions, German
00:05:40penal battalions.
00:05:42crimes, and so that they could atone, so
00:05:46to speak, for their crimes, they
00:05:49were sent to the most, so to speak, responsible
00:05:52places. The operation, sanctioned by Himmler,
00:05:56involved the encirclement of Tito's headquarters, his capture or
00:05:59destruction. This was supposed to change the course of the war in
00:06:03the Balkans. Randolph Churchill and our military missions found themselves in a
00:06:06very difficult position, being practically blocked from
00:06:09all sides, and indeed. Kvashnin
00:06:13actually personally saved
00:06:16Churchill. For five days, German
00:06:20special forces pursued our representatives through
00:06:23the mountains. We were herded through the mountains until June
00:06:268, like a flock of sheep, walking only at night. It's hard
00:06:30to imagine now, but then we were on the march for about 100
00:06:33hours, with rare hour-long stops, from the diary of
00:06:37Soviet intelligence officer Konstantin Kvashnin. One
00:06:40night, the Germans surrounded the group. Oh, there was only one way
00:06:44out: down a steep slope. Randolph
00:06:46covered Kvashnin. At the most dangerous moment, the son of the English
00:06:50prime minister nearly doomed the entire rescue operation to
00:06:53failure. Churchill Jr. was always characterized by an excessive
00:06:57love for alcoholic beverages, however, on June 8, this weakness
00:07:01could have cost not only him his life. At the most unexpected
00:07:05moment, a half-drunk Randolph suddenly began to sing, and did not
00:07:08react to the order to be silent. We just had to knock him out and...
00:07:29Churchill to a safe territory. Should
00:07:33and could the British Prime Minister change
00:07:36his policy towards the USSR after
00:07:39his son was saved by a Soviet intelligence officer?
00:07:43The answer to this question was the decision of the British
00:07:46Prime Minister to forget about who his son
00:07:49owed his life to. For Churchill, the USSR remained
00:07:53the main strategic adversary, and the further west
00:07:56our troops advanced, the more ambitious Churchill's
00:08:00plans to contain the USSR became. He suggested
00:08:03to Montgomery that the collected trophy weapons
00:08:07be stored in warehouses specifically in Germany, so that they could
00:08:11be quickly distributed to German prisoners, if necessary,
00:08:14to form some armed formations,
00:08:18strike groups from them. Even
00:08:22after the fall of the Third Reich, at the demand of the Imperial
00:08:25General Staff of Great Britain, in the English zone
00:08:28of occupation of Germany, former soldiers and officers of
00:08:32the Reich were kept in combat readiness and even
00:08:35trained. According to the materials
00:08:38I came across in prisoner-of-war camps. The organization of the offensive
00:09:53was entrusted to the former commander of the Royal
00:10:02Artillery, Brigadier General Geoffrey
00:10:05Thompson. The plan envisaged a massive
00:10:08offensive by British and American divisions against
00:10:11Berlin. beyond its borders. The goal
00:10:15was to push back the Soviet Union to the Oder-Neisse
00:10:17line, which actually meant conquering, among other things,
00:10:20Poland. This is a wild thing, an absolutely wild thing,
00:10:23exhausting the circle. A weakened Soviet state
00:10:27is facing a new aggression. In Operation
00:10:31Unthinkable, it was planned to use over
00:10:34800 tanks. Moreover, Thompson proposed
00:10:37using the surviving forces of the Wehrmacht and SS,
00:10:41and it was also supposed to include economic levers.
00:10:44Part of the Unthinkable plan was
00:10:48to limit supplies to the Soviet
00:10:50Union, the most critical, as they
00:10:54identified, needs of the Soviet Union in
00:10:57rubber and other materials, thus,
00:11:01yesterday's ally, the Soviet
00:11:04Union, already became an adversary, and
00:11:07against it, the development of economic
00:11:11sanctions and real military
00:11:13actions was already underway. It was assumed that on July 1,
00:11:161945, Operation Unthinkable against
00:11:20the USSR would begin with 47 English
00:11:23and American divisions. And 12 German
00:11:27divisions, those very ones that the allies kept in reserve
00:11:30in Schleswig-Holstein and southern Denmark, would support them. The final goal
00:11:34was clearly defined: complete defeat and
00:11:38surrender of the USSR, but in the main
00:11:41the Prime Minister of Great Britain miscalculated.
00:11:44It was assumed that the Soviet Union, the troops were tired, not in
00:11:47a state, so to speak, one could say the same about the Anglo-American
00:11:51troops. The Soviet Union had impressive
00:12:25Marshal Zhukov unexpectedly decided in June
00:12:281945 to regroup his forces,
00:12:31received an order from Moscow to strengthen the defense and
00:12:35carefully study the deployment of Western
00:12:38Allied troops. From an interview with Professor Erikson
00:12:41of Edinburgh University. In
00:12:442021, journalists of the English edition
00:12:47"The Telegraph," while studying materials related to World
00:12:51War II, discovered in the national archives Plan
00:12:54Unthinkable. To this day, this document with Winston
00:12:57Churchill's autograph is kept in a folder titled
00:13:01"Russia, a Threat to Western Civilization." But even after
00:13:05his closest associates and allies refused to
00:13:08participate in Churchill's global military venture, he
00:13:12continued to make grand plans against the Soviet
00:13:15Union. As already
00:13:18in the depths the Chiefs of Staff Committee
00:13:21is developing, under Churchill's
00:13:25leadership, a document called "The Security
00:13:29of the British Empire," which describes as if
00:13:32everything that would happen during the Cold War,
00:13:35this rigid, impenetrable barrier between the sphere
00:13:39of influence of the Soviet Union, and Western Europe - this unification
00:13:42of Western Europe under the auspices of the Anglo-Saxons. True,
00:13:46he no longer had any real leverage to implement
00:13:49it. At the end of July 1945, the all-powerful
00:13:53prime minister became
00:13:56A cholera epidemic in besieged Stalingrad. The disease
00:14:00had already captured the front-line areas and was actively spreading through
00:14:04the city. It had to be stopped immediately.
00:14:07Is it true that the vaccine that existed at that time turned
00:14:11out to be ineffective? And was it really possible to stop
00:14:14the epidemic thanks to a revolutionary drug
00:14:17created by microbiologist Zinaida Yermolyeva, right in a Stalingrad
00:14:20basement? They started making saline bacteriophages
00:14:23using beef broth, it's not a fact
00:14:27that today
00:14:28at 12:50,
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00:18:46On July 5, 1945,
00:18:49during the elections to the Parliament of Great Britain, the Conservative
00:18:52Party, and Winston Churchill suffered a
00:18:55defeat. On July 26, Churchill resigned.
00:18:59The retired prime minister began writing memoirs and speaking to
00:19:02students. On March 5, 1946.
00:19:06In Missouri,
00:19:09USA. Winston Churchill delivers a speech at
00:19:12Westminster College in Fulton. Later it
00:19:15would be called the Fulton Speech. It marked a new period in
00:19:19relations between the Soviet Union and the West, the Cold
00:19:23War.
00:19:26An iron curtain had descended across
00:19:28the entire continent. Behind this line lay all
00:19:32the capitals of the ancient states of Central and
00:19:35Eastern Europe. Warsaw,
00:19:38Berlin, Prague, Vienna,
00:19:42Budapest, Belgrade,
00:19:45Bucharest, and Sofia. All
00:19:48these famous cities with their surrounding populations are
00:19:51within what I must call the Soviet
00:19:54sphere.
00:19:57And all of them, in one form or another,
00:20:00are objects not only of Soviet influence, but of very
00:20:04high, in some cases even growing.
00:20:50He loved the cognacs of the Soviet
00:20:53Union, but
00:20:56after the Fulton speech, all this stopped.
00:20:59The Fulton speech became the culmination of Winston
00:21:02Churchill's hypocritical policy. The former Prime Minister of
00:21:06Britain openly called on America and Europe to unite and
00:21:10declared that Western countries must have
00:21:13complete military superiority over the USSR. While the Third
00:21:16Reich existed, it was a common enemy, as soon as the common enemy
00:21:20disappeared, then those images of the Soviet Union
00:21:23and Bolshevism that existed in Great Britain
00:21:27in the 1920s were revived, but
00:21:30dropping the iron curtain seemed insufficient to
00:21:33Churchill, he needed to destroy
00:21:37the Soviet Union as soon as possible and with someone else's
00:21:40hands. In files declassified in 2014 by
00:21:43the FBI, a sensational document was found. It turned out that as early
00:21:46as 1947, Churchill, in a private conversation,
00:21:50asked Senator Styles Bridges to persuade US
00:21:54President Harry Truman to launch
00:21:56a pre-emptive nuclear strike against the USSR. Field Marshal
00:22:00Allenbrooke specifically notes that Churchill did mention
00:22:04the possibility of using nuclear weapons against the Soviet
00:22:08Union. From the late 1940s to the mid-
00:22:101950s of the 20th century, the Anglo-Saxon world
00:22:14literally churned out plans for nuclear bombardments of Soviet
00:22:18cities. One of the key ones was
00:22:40the United States, thirty of the largest,
00:22:43most important from an economic, administrative
00:22:46and political point of view for the Soviets.
00:22:50Nuclear weapons will be used by both
00:22:53sides, other types of weapons of mass destruction,
00:22:57radiological, biological and chemical weapons
00:23:00may be used by either side, taking into
00:23:03account considerations of retaliation and effectiveness.
00:23:07Plan Dropshot, Chapter 1, Section 4, Paragraph
00:23:1114. Plan Dropshot consisted of four
00:23:15phases. The first phase involved the start of nuclear
00:23:18bombardment of the USSR. The second - large-scale offensive
00:23:22operations along the entire front line by all branches
00:23:24of the armed forces, the third - offensive operations
00:23:27until the moment of surrender of
00:23:30the USSR. The fourth phase - establishing complete
00:23:33control over the Soviet Union. According to
00:23:36experts, the implementation of the plan was only stopped by the appearance
00:23:40of the atomic weapon in the Soviet Union. This,
00:23:44of course, forced our
00:23:46leadership to intensively engage in creating. represented
00:24:33the main
00:24:34threat
00:24:39to the Western world, the famous Iron
00:24:42Lady is deservedly considered one of
00:24:45the ideologues of the collapse of the USSR, which, of course,
00:24:49is no accident, if one remembers that her
00:24:51political idol was none other than
00:24:55Sir Winston
00:24:56Churchill.
00:26:12July 1942,
00:26:15Stalingrad. Intelligence reports from behind the front lines indicated
00:26:18that cholera had broken out in German units, and the disease could easily
00:26:22spread to Soviet soldiers. There was no time
00:26:25for vaccination, and the city was overflowing with evacuees, lacking
00:26:29even clean water. If the spread of the disease
00:26:33was not stopped immediately, an epidemic was inevitable.
00:26:36Cholera is an acute infection that affects
00:26:40a person within a few days, and sometimes even hours,
00:26:43can lead to death, and despite the fact
00:26:47that a vaccine for this disease was developed back in the late 19th
00:26:50century, it only works for about half a year, after
00:26:54which a person can become re-infected.
00:26:57At the same time, the pathogen itself
00:27:00cannot be completely destroyed; it continues to remain in water bodies and
00:27:04becomes active in unsanitary conditions.
00:27:08In the summer of 1942, near Stalingrad, fierce
00:27:10battles were taking place, a huge number of fallen
00:27:14soldiers remained at the battle sites. Soon,
00:27:17the Germans began to develop various infectious
00:27:21diseases, among which was
00:27:25cholera.
00:27:28Stalingrad at that time was intensively preparing for defense. Hundreds of thousands
00:27:31of soldiers passed through the city to the front, and
00:27:35continuously, steamers and railway trains with
00:27:38cargo and evacuees departed from it to Astrakhan and
00:27:41Saratov. In a matter of days, the epidemic could spread to
00:27:45neighboring cities and
00:27:46regions.
00:27:50Cholera spreads very quickly, through
00:27:53contaminated food, water, through contact with
00:27:56an infected person. Within a few weeks,
00:27:59the infection could claim lives.
00:28:02of people, both civilians and military, and
00:28:06hospitals were already overcrowded
00:28:08with wounded, which sounded like a death sentence for
00:28:11Stalingrad. To prevent an epidemic, the People's Commissariat
00:28:14of Health of the USSR urgently sent Professor
00:28:18Zinaida Yermolyeva, a microbiologist,
00:28:22to the city on the Volga, and today we have
00:28:24to find out: is it true that the vaccine that existed at that time
00:28:28was powerless against cholera in Stalingrad?
00:28:32Did the Germans really destroy all the drugs for the deadly
00:28:36disease that were sent to the city on the Volga?
00:28:40Well, and did Zinaida Yermolyeva manage
00:28:43to develop a revolutionary drug
00:28:47in the basement? This is Raratkeshchan and the program is not
00:28:50a fact. Now we will
00:28:52find out everything.
00:28:57Large-scale measures to combat the epidemic. Everyone without
00:29:00exception in Stalingrad, and that's over a million
00:29:03people were given cholera
00:29:06bacteriophage, the risk of the disease spreading in
00:29:10Stalingrad was not there was no time for this, and new
00:29:13challenges for doctors: dressings and
00:29:16antiseptics did not
00:29:18help.
00:29:23Cholera has been known since the 6th century BC through monuments of
00:29:26ancient culture. Its symptoms were described in
00:29:29ancient Indian Sanskrit manuscripts, where the disease
00:29:33was called the great plague. The toxin, that is, the poison, which
00:29:37the cholera vibrio secretes, affects the human
00:29:40intestine, in a short time leads to severe
00:29:43dehydration. At that time, they had not yet learned
00:29:46how to treat cholera, and it caused panic among
00:29:50people. They did not know how and tried to run away from its
00:29:53source, as a result of which infected people spread
00:29:56the pathogen even
00:29:58faster.
00:30:00The microorganism that causes the disease
00:30:03was discovered in 1883 by the German
00:30:07scientist Robert Koch, who called
00:30:10it the cholera comma
00:30:13because of its curved shape.
00:30:17Primarily, people get cholera; the infection
00:30:21affects everyone without exception, but depending on
00:30:24immunity, the disease progresses differently.
00:30:27To prevent the spread
00:30:30of infection, it is extremely important
00:30:33to detect it in time, isolate the sick person, and start their
00:30:37treatment.
00:30:40To combat cholera in July 1942,
00:30:43microbiologist Zinaida Yermolyeva flew from Moscow. There was no time
00:30:47to prepare, so the professor took with her only the most
00:30:50necessary diagnostic preparations and serums. Yermolyeva
00:30:53went to Stalingrad by military transport
00:30:57aircraft. The front line then ran not far from...
Data courtesy of The GDELT Project (gdeltproject.org), from the Internet Archive TV News Archive. Film strip and transcript are GDELT's, rehosted here under their terms of use, which permit it with this citation.