Google Cloud Speech-to-Text API (Chirp) + Gemini 2.5 Flash Non-Thinking. Treat it as a searchable index of what was broadcast, not a quotation record.
00:00:00perhaps not, but in peaceful demonstrations
00:00:02and with a senatorial pace,
00:00:05yes, speaking of youth and Louis
00:00:08be the minister of Le Grand, that's where someone who meant a lot in your life, in the lives of many
00:00:11Senegalese, but not only, spent a few years, it's Léopold
00:00:15Sédar Senghor, the first president of Senegal who
00:00:18met Césaire, with whom he would found the
00:00:22Négritude movement in the 1930s, it's archive
00:00:24time.
00:00:31We're going to listen to Senghor in December
00:00:331969,
00:00:36Latin civilization, and that's why Négritude,
00:00:39it's the
00:00:43remember that as it has been said black world, it's black civilization, it's all
00:00:45the values of civilization of the black
00:00:47world, uh, from this point of
00:00:50view, Anglo-Saxons are right
00:00:54to root themselves in Anglo-Saxon
00:00:56culture
00:00:59and the... Latins in Latin culture, in
00:01:02Latinity, and the Slavs, the Russians, in
00:01:06Slavitude, in Slavic culture, and that's why, being
00:01:09black people, we must root ourselves in
00:01:11Négritude,
00:01:18this is the objective aspect of the problem, there is
00:01:21also the subjective aspect, it's not
00:01:25about
00:01:27in this second half of the 20th century, with the
00:01:30totalization and the socialization of the
00:01:33world, it's not
00:01:36picked up outside about living like our ancestors lived,
00:01:38it's about living our
00:01:41Négritude today,
00:01:44isn't it, in this second part of the 20th
00:01:47century, it's about
00:01:52challenges, artificial challenges, immigration therefore rooting ourselves in our own values of civilization, opening ourselves to
00:01:54complementary values, to modernity, to
00:01:58the spirit of... nationalism,
00:02:01and therefore to advocate for intuitive reason, we are not against
00:02:05discursive reason, and the more we are rooted
00:02:09in Négritude, the more we must make Descartes
00:02:12our breviary, that's
00:02:16for this archive from 1969, Léopold Sédar Senghor,
00:02:19Négritude, this movement
00:02:21never despair of founded in reaction to colonialism and cultural
00:02:24assimilation, you who are the philosopher of
00:02:27universalism, what place does this
00:02:31Négritude have in universalism?
00:02:33So we will pay attention to two words he also pronounced in this
00:02:37excerpt, uh totalization and
00:02:40from the socialization, and uh this tells us one thing,
00:02:43that Négritude, despite its name, is not
00:02:47confinement in a particularism, obviously,
00:02:50Césaire himself, the Nardal sisters before
00:02:53them, uh the Hong Kong Tramas
00:02:56defended what he called in this excerpt the values of civilization of the
00:03:00black world, because these values had to be affirmed in the face of colonial
00:03:03negation, colonial negation consisting in saying that there was no
00:03:07black civilization, that Africa was a continent from this point
00:03:10of view, confined in the dark mantle of
00:03:13night, as the philosopher Hegel said, this
00:03:16affirmation was necessary, but fundamentally Senghor's true thought
00:03:21is who is uh the was the thought that we read in these two words, the
00:03:24socialization of the world, the
00:03:26totalization, and there he is thinking, I'm
00:03:30sure, at that moment, of the thought of Father Teilhard de Chardin, who spoke of
00:03:34planetization, we must have a thought of
00:03:37today of totality, and moreover, in this regard, I'll tell you one
00:03:41thing, I found a few years ago a
00:03:44letter from Senghor addressed to President Kennedy, a
00:03:48letter in which he then called President Kennedy at that time, it was in the early
00:03:5160s, uh obviously since Kennedy and me just after,
00:03:55uh uh he called my dear great friend and he invited him
00:03:58to
00:04:02Teilhard de Chardin in the way Teilhard de Chardin thought that we needed
00:04:06we say in the language of today a planetary thought of the convergence
00:04:09of cultures but also of the safeguarding of our planet, a
00:04:12very current thought, and he told him: "It is our responsibility as heads
00:04:16of state to bring about the world of this
00:04:19planetization," it was still something
00:04:22extraordinary, he doesn't say if Kennedy read Teilhard de
00:04:25Chardin, well, we don't have Kennedy's answer, to the letter
00:04:29of... about Senghor and that brings us back to the subject of your book,
00:04:33hospitality, affirming
00:04:35humanity, which we are now coming to, by recalling
00:04:39precisely, and you do so in the book, the expression that
00:04:42go to the confines of was his, when he gave speeches to the nation, Senghor, he said
00:04:45Senegalese, Senegalese, dear foreign guests who
00:04:49lived among us, that was the beginning of all his interventions when he
00:04:52addressed the Senegalese on television in particular, why is this dear
00:04:57crisis there is is the crisis of foreign guest who lived among us a phrase that... works
00:05:00for you? Listen, it struck me when I discovered that it was not
00:05:03the universal rule to also greet other foreigners
00:05:07when giving speeches to the nation when one was president of
00:05:11the republic or prime minister. The president says: my dear
00:05:14compatriots, my dear compatriots, in the United States,
00:05:17the president says "my fellow Americans,
00:05:20Americans, Americans," and there, greeting the other foreigners
00:05:23who live among us, it was truly in Saintor's philosophy,
00:05:26he makes a Senegalese notion,
00:05:30the Senegalese Wolof word for
00:05:33hospitality, teranga, a
00:05:35true,
00:05:38a kind of emblem of the country, and so he was
00:05:41in the logic of this hospitality for him
00:05:44to always ensure to also greet the other foreigners
00:05:48who live among us. Teranga Wolof
00:05:51indeed, finally hospitality is Teranga Wolof,
00:05:54hence the name of the national football team,
00:05:57it's important for you to include it in life too, it's not just philosophy, the Lions of
00:06:01Teranga, it's about this hospitality that your
00:06:04book talks about, some would say it's a bit bland today to
00:06:08talk about hospitality, you see it as a kind of...
00:06:12quote, you say you wrote these words with a sense of alarm and
00:06:15urgency because the world is not really going for the better,
00:06:19of course, and we must rediscover the weight and and
00:06:23all the light that words like hospitality, humanism,
00:06:26universal carry, these are not big words, well, listen, these are
00:06:29big words in the sense precisely of this collection in
00:06:33which we want authors to write
00:06:36about a particular word, so the notion of big words seems
00:06:40important here and... these notions,
00:06:43we must, we must rethink them
00:06:46today, for today, because it is
00:06:49the situation we are experiencing that demands it, the situation we are
00:06:52experiencing today demands of us that we be one and the same
00:06:56humanity to respond to the challenges that are ours,
00:06:59environmental challenges, health
00:07:04intelligence challenges that I spoke of earlier, these are all challenges
00:07:08that require that words like
00:07:11hospitality, words like humanism, humanity,
00:07:14the first of all universals, and words like universal be
00:07:18fully charged with their meaning, and yet the
00:07:22way the world is going is quite the opposite,
00:07:25inhospitality is the rule, in the north as in the south, we
00:07:28evoked earlier the United States of Donald Trump, much has been said these days
00:07:32again about this xenophobic line
00:07:35led by this anti-immigration police Ice that causes
00:07:38many deaths in the United States, also in the south, you mention it in your
00:07:41book. We see this movement in South Africa that is called March and March,
00:07:45South Africans who oppose the arrival of people from the
00:07:48continent,
00:07:51we see that this is not the movement that we are all
00:07:54taking together. Yes, I would even add to the examples you evoke,
00:07:58the example of my own country, in Senegal, today, we
00:08:01find in the discussions that are taking
00:08:04place the discussion of a form of
00:08:07xenophobia that has emerged towards
00:08:11our brothers. uh Guineans who live
00:08:14among us uh in
00:08:17Senegal, I think that will remain marginal,
00:08:21that ultimately teranga will triumph,
00:08:24but the mere fact that the question arose is an
00:08:28indication, so it's true that there is this movement
00:08:31today of... which is fundamentally one of the consequences of
00:08:34identitarianisms, identitarianisms, ethnonationalisms, the
00:08:38fragmentation that uh uh
00:08:41identities create in... the world uh
00:08:44had have quite naturally as a consequence a
00:08:48closing, a certain form of xenophobia, and moreover I
00:08:51begin my book about
00:08:55the campaign that was waged against
00:08:58empathy, it's hard to imagine that we could live in a world
00:09:02where books are written against empathy, because precisely
00:09:05empathy, there again a great word, empathy, it's still a
00:09:09fundamental human value, how can one write against empathy?
00:09:12That's why I think we must affirm
00:09:15concepts like hospitality that are
00:09:19quite naturally political, empathy is to be moved
00:09:23to pity, says Rousseau, you remind us in the book, and
00:09:26indeed, to come back to the United States, you explain that in the
00:09:29conservative, even ultra-conservative camp, this empathy
00:09:32is highly criticized because the propensity to open up to others could lead to
00:09:36guilty solicitude, a suicidal civilizational
00:09:40empathy, said Elon. Elon Musk said, well,
00:09:43there you go, uh indeed he wrote, moreover,
00:09:47to
00:09:49celebrate a book that was quietly titled
00:09:53suicidal empathy, the idea that empathy is suicidal, so
00:09:56suicide of whom? Of Western civilization, the idea that something
00:09:59called Western civilization risks
00:10:02dying, uh dying of kindness was the
00:10:06subtitle of this book, so dying of benevolence by being
00:10:10too, a civilization too benevolent. towards others, and besides
00:10:13empathy would be too feminine a virtue to be applicable to
00:10:16an entire society which would have, it was said that
00:10:20empathy was a feminization of society, and so all this is
00:10:24ethno-nationalist. These identitarianisms also go with
00:10:27a virilism that is affirming itself today, whose
00:10:31figure, in essence, can
00:10:33war, as he prefers to call himself rather than
00:10:37minister of defense in the United States, who was
00:10:40indeed re-baptized his ministry in the United States. I would like us
00:10:44to look at another archive, it's a photo that went around the world, we are
00:10:47in 2015,
00:10:51it was a small Syrian child found dead on a Turkish beach.
00:10:55His name was Aylan Kurdi, Aylan Kurdi, it's this photo,
00:10:58uh, or rather it's the photo just before where his face
00:11:02was in the sand, this child, at the time, I don't think
00:11:06I'm wrong in saying that this photo and the story of this little
00:11:10Syrian had aroused worldwide empathy, what
00:11:13remains, Sulaiman Bashir Dian, of this empathy that we all felt
00:11:16so much, but what remains is this idea that
00:11:20empathy is natural to
00:11:23humans because in... and during that time, when we spoke of a migratory crisis,
00:11:27when we saw, we saw, in fact, we imagined hordes of Syrians
00:11:31pouring into Europe, and then all
00:11:34of a sudden we realize that it's a child who
00:11:37drowned, so we can imagine a lot of things, we can imagine that the hand that held
00:11:41him, his father's hand perhaps, let go at some point,
00:11:45that they both drowned, we could imagine all sorts of human
00:11:48stories around the face of this child, you know, the
00:11:51philosopher Emmanuel Levinas says, uh
00:11:55very strongly and beautifully, that uh the
00:11:58face of the other commands hospitality from me, commands
00:12:02empathy from me, and well, the face of this child
00:12:06commanded empathy from the whole world, what
00:12:09this tells us is that we can have the impression that
00:12:12ethno-nationalism triumphs today, that we must
00:12:15despair of the world as it is, that this fragmentation we experience
00:12:19naturally, that man is a wolf to man, to quote this
00:12:23old saying, but in reality...
00:12:25what this story shows us is that empathy is never very far away,
00:12:28and when we see, moreover, today, we are, we spoke, we began our
00:12:32conversation about what happened in the United States, there is a kind of
00:12:36retreat, it seems to me, uh this
00:12:40anti-empathy of this culture of anti-empathy
00:12:43today, and so we must
00:12:46humanity, of magnificent humanity, as Pope
00:12:49Leo called it, you say retreat, it
00:12:53still has waves and... you know better than I do, you know the meaning of
00:12:57words, if we look at the public debate here in France, how do you
00:13:00explain that expressions inherited
00:13:05far right, from the extreme far right, like the great replacement,
00:13:09you spoke earlier of those who believed in migratory submersion, have become
00:13:13so entrenched in public debate that a minister of the current government,
00:13:16a minister delegate for the fight against discrimination, not to name her,
00:13:20considers that this theory of the great replacement cannot be called a
00:13:24racist theory, the worst thing
00:13:27indeed is when republican
00:13:31parties, which are not in principle from
00:13:34that world, whose culture it is not, start to
00:13:38also try to to to to
00:13:41pursue this vocabulary and this language, we do indeed have an
00:13:45absolutely terrifying language, it's like we've gone back to 1930 with
00:13:49a resurgence, so the waves, to use the
00:13:51metaphor, it comes and goes, obviously, and...
00:13:55and so we can have the feeling of regression, we can have the feeling that we are back in the
00:13:5930s, there is indeed a resurgence
00:14:02anti-Semitism, there are absolutely uninhibited
00:14:06racisms, there was a racist
00:14:08attack, a racist attack, someone was
00:14:12killed simply because he had black skin, the idea that if
00:14:16you walk today in the streets of Paris you can get shot
00:14:19because you are black is a terrifying
00:14:23idea, well... uh this is the world in
00:14:27which indeed we must not deny that we are
00:14:30uh this vocabulary is establishing itself, "great replacement"
00:14:34at the beginning, we said, "but what is that?" and then today quietly this
00:14:38expression has entered the language not only of the extreme
00:14:41right who speak this language perfectly, it's their
00:14:44natural language, whatever one says about their de-demonization,
00:14:48something is inscribed in the very DNA of these parties and
00:14:52uh they cannot help but have these. and these forms of
00:14:55regurgitation of a language that is theirs, but then when
00:14:59this language spreads beyond the extreme right
00:15:03to penetrate the center right and
00:15:07the left, that's when indeed we must
00:15:09worry, and are we not helpless,
00:15:13we are never helpless, and
00:15:17Césaire, whom you evoked earlier, said that the worst
00:15:22initiative, when we settle into... that there is
00:15:25nothing to be done, that there is no initiative to take, that
00:15:29there is not this resilience in us
00:15:33which is precisely based on our
00:15:36capacity. uh for empathy, for solidarity,
00:15:40for hospitality, that's where the crisis has truly
00:15:43set in, so we must not let it set in our heads, it is already in the
00:15:47world, uh, let's avoid letting the crisis set in our
00:15:50in our capacity for initiative,
00:15:53moreover there is something to do, you go further, you say that
00:15:56anti-empathy,
00:15:58anti-universalism, it is there, separatism which
00:16:02is also a perverted expression used
00:16:05uh in all sauces in the public debate. Oh yes
00:16:08yes, it is there, it is present indeed and we see it
00:16:12uh we see the terrifying
00:16:15manifestations because we must
00:16:20racism kills but
00:16:23again, furthermore there are always these reactions
00:16:27I insist on the reactions that were those of
00:16:30Minnesota, the state of Minnesota and the city of Minneapolis in
00:16:34particular, uh faced with the turn
00:16:37that the anti-migrant policies in
00:16:41the United States were taking because even if the
00:16:44figures indicated that uh a large majority of the
00:16:48population was for the closing of borders
00:16:51and uh anti-immigration measures,
00:16:54the idea that this also means that a
00:16:58masked militia of
00:17:01agents can come and pick up my
00:17:04neighbor or prevent my neighbor from taking his children to school
00:17:08because the children themselves are American but he himself can perfectly well be
00:17:13school and then leave the children
00:17:16stranded and so on, and that it was necessary to have a
00:17:19neighborhood policy, that it was
00:17:22necessary to defend one's neighbor and they invented the word
00:17:26"neighboring," neighbor like we could, it's
00:17:29almost the Senegalese teranga, it's the Senegalese teranga,
00:17:32"neighboring" is an excellent translation of teranga, and
00:17:36moreover and moreover. among the signs
00:17:40that were signs that hailed the American elections there, I
00:17:44saw a sign that said "love thy neighbor," love your... so
00:17:47in English, "neighbor" is both neighbor and fellow human being,
00:17:51it's untranslatable in French, you spoke of Minneapolis, moreover
00:17:55some of the voters went to pay tribute to the
00:17:59two people who were killed by this anti-immigration
00:18:02police ICE in the United States, since we are in the United States,
00:18:06that's where we will end this interview. It's time for the words (w o
00:18:09r d s)
00:18:14and these words are what you chose to quote in your book, uh Sulaiman
00:18:18Bashlian, these are words that are inscribed
00:18:21uh on the pedestal of the Statue of Liberty, uh tell
00:18:25us, explain to us and read them to us please. Listen I will read them to you with great pleasure
00:18:29then in their French translation, uh these words
00:18:32give this: give me your tired, your
00:18:35poor, your... huddled masses yearning to
00:18:39breathe free, the wretched refuse of your
00:18:42teeming shore, send them to
00:18:45me, the homeless, tempest-tost,
00:18:48I lift my lamp beside the golden
00:18:52door, a magnificent poem by Emma
00:18:55Lazarus who
00:18:58the poem inscribed uh
00:19:02on the on the Statue of
00:19:05Liberty in New York. So in New York and this
00:19:09statue of Liberty made into a woman
00:19:13holding this lantern, this
00:19:16torch, this light and uh
00:19:19welcoming, opening her arms to those who
00:19:22flee all kinds of of of
00:19:25inhospitality, precisely, that is
00:19:28uh the normal face of America, that
00:19:32is the promise of America and that is the promise of all human
00:19:35cultures, the idea that if you come to me
00:19:38vulnerable, know that you are arriving home, as
00:19:43hospitality, you are home here, make yourself at home, and
00:19:47that is the meaning finally that
00:19:51collects this poem, this magnificent poem, which is a poem
00:19:54of openness, of solidarity, of
00:19:56neighboring and of teranga, and that makes you and
00:20:00those who think with you, people who are
00:20:04not preachers in the wilderness, so there you
00:20:08go, it's good that you use the word "preacher", I'm sure that when
00:20:12we talk a little bit about these things, it has a little bit of
00:20:15a preachy tone, but we
00:20:19must have a preachy tone, it's not for nothing that
00:20:22the Pope has taken the lead in the
00:20:25welcoming movement which reminds us of the value of solidarity, the
00:20:29value of hospitality, and it's not for nothing either, you know the
00:20:33subtitle of my book is almost a quote from Jean Jaurès, it's not for...
00:20:37even though Jean Jaurès identified
00:20:40socialism with the mystical dreams of
00:20:44tender souls, imagine that, the definition, a
00:20:47magnificent definition of socialism. that perhaps it should be
00:20:51rebuilt today, that makes me think, to conclude, of the Talarico
00:20:54campaign in the United States, which precisely, he, the man of faith, campaigns
00:20:58on virtues that are really the antithesis of what one might
00:21:01think should be imposed on all of us, he campaigns on love in particular,
00:21:05who today could have thought that an electoral campaign based on love
00:21:09could be successful? Absolutely, how true,
00:21:13absolutely true that these words, these simple
00:21:16words love, solidarity, hospitality are. political
00:21:20slogans today because that's the world we live in, thank you
00:21:23very much for coming to say it on this set, Suleiman
00:21:27Bashir Diane, and so this book in the collection of big words from
00:21:31autrement editions, hospitality, affirming humanity, well, there you have it, we see it in
00:21:34duplicate and for those who want to listen to you and hear you, it
00:21:38will be from the 13th to the 15th in Agen at the philosophy meetings
00:21:41of Michel Sermage, the great philosopher of whom you are
00:21:45vice-president, thank you very much again, a
00:21:48broadcast, an interview. in replay, listen again on podcast, thank
00:21:52you very much to the technical teams who really did everything to make this
00:21:55broadcast happen and to the editorial teams of course, see you in a few
00:21:58minutes for the rest of this news broadcast,
00:22:20Your program with Parmigiano Reggiano.
00:30:10Let's Talk, here are the headlines for this Thursday, an A320 airliner that was making the connection between
00:30:13Dublin and Rome was diverted this
00:30:17Thursday to the Evreux air base due to a bomb
00:30:20threat, information that comes from Matignon, stating if you
00:30:24the real-time situation, the very latest information with Sylvain Rousseau in a
00:30:27moment. Public and private sector employees called
00:30:31to cease work today for... the salary is against the high cost of living, high school students and university students will
00:30:34join some of the 250 demonstrations planned across the country. National
00:30:38strike day and mobilization at the call of the unions that are disrupting
00:30:42the antennas of France 24. Pauline Godard will explain the
00:30:46issues in a moment and then the American consulate in Hong Kong
00:30:49strongly condemns the prison sentence inflicted on Joshua Wong, the
00:30:5330-year-old pro-democracy activist, face of resistance against Beijing
00:30:57will remain incarcerated for 10 more years.