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00:00:07Good evening everyone, it's 10 PM here in Paris, 6 PM in Assun,
00:00:11Paraguay, happy to have you back on actu 360 on France
00:00:1424, we are live until 12:15 AM
00:00:18at the top of the news, tonight in Paraguay, President Santiago
00:00:22Piegna resigns amid a banking crisis, he has 48 hours, the
00:00:26country's central bank had placed under guardianship a financial entity in which he had just.
00:00:30which recently held shares, we will find our
00:00:33correspondent in the region Gustavo
00:00:37good evening, you are going to talk to us today about Ribéraux at the beginning of this news broadcast
00:00:39in France, hundreds of thousands of demonstrators in the streets this Thursday
00:00:43to protest against the high cost of living and demand salary
00:00:47increases, the unions claim success, Prime
00:00:50Minister Sébastien Lecornu convenes a social conference
00:00:54on Monday, we will talk about it in the zoom at
00:00:5610:30 PM. Many questions after
00:01:00the multiplication of cyberattacks in Europe, especially the one that
00:01:03targeted Crédit Mutuel Arkea yesterday, the damage could exceed
00:01:07100 million euros, so how do hackers operate, how to avoid
00:01:11new attacks, we will ask all these questions to our guest Benoid
00:01:14Grunvald, cybersecurity expert at S7.
00:01:26with much more
00:01:34But first, a complicated day in Europe this
00:01:37attack in Poland which Thursday for air traffic controllers and travelers,
00:01:40about twenty flights were disrupted by false bomb
00:01:44threats, a plane that had left Dublin in Ireland and was supposed to reach Rome
00:01:48wage is revalued according to in Italy, was diverted to Evreux in France, according to the
00:01:52prosecutor, the pilot would have refused to land on this military
00:01:56there are quite few attacks on the energy base, an investigation has been opened, we see all that with Manon Bougot.
00:02:01In this plane, passengers who were supposed to land in Rome,
00:02:05supporters of here they are this morning on the tarmac of the Evreux military base in
00:02:08the hour, their aircraft has just been diverted due to a bomb
00:02:11threat.
00:02:12inside without really understanding what is happening.
00:02:18Through, we realized that we were escorted by a military
00:02:20plane. would she be on board? One
00:02:23hour after
00:02:30takeoff, the Irish pilot was ordered to change
00:02:34trajectory, but he initially refused,
00:02:37preferring, according to the prosecutor, to land at a civilian
00:02:40airport. The French army sent two fighter
00:02:43jets, a Rafale and a Mirage, to
00:02:47intercept the aircraft and force it to land.
00:02:50fighter jets will allow
00:02:52us to establish a situation, to have the confirmation that there are no terrorists on
00:02:56board the aircraft, that there is no one who is...
00:03:00the crew, so already we are going to de-risk the flight to prevent
00:03:04it from being used to make a new 9/11, it is following
00:03:07an email received by Rome airport that the bomb threat was
00:03:11triggered, a message signed by the male state fighters,
00:03:15the name of an extremist Russian
00:03:17the increase in the minimum wage, group, and here is what we can read: you are all accomplices in a criminal
00:03:20plot, we want to annihilate you for that, your feminist regime will remember
00:03:24it forever, the explosion will occur in 60
00:03:27minutes, the passengers of the flight were taken in...
00:04:00here it is, there are these bomb threats in the European sky and cyber attacks,
00:04:04they are multiplying at the moment, yesterday Wednesday,
00:04:08Crédit Mutuel Arkea denounced a sophisticated attack, more than
00:04:11100 million euros would have been stolen, the bank assures however that its
00:04:15customers will not lose money, this attack occurs less than a
00:04:19week after the hacking of the cryptocurrency giant
00:04:22nearly 60,000 according to the Ministry of Binance, cyber Ministry of attacks that also affect, we
00:04:26talked about it, refrigerators in European supermarkets in recent days, the French
00:04:30blood establishment was also targeted yesterday Wednesday, we will
00:04:34talk about all this with our guest Benoît
00:04:37Grunewald, cybersecurity expert at Eset
00:04:40Benoît Grunewald, good evening, thank you very much for being with
00:04:44us on France 24, cyber attacks
00:04:46first on supermarket refrigerators in several
00:04:50European countries, they were claimed by Russian hacker
00:04:53groups, are these sophisticated attacks
00:04:58you everywhere in the world and at all hours of like for Crédit Mutuel Arkea or did they take advantage of flaws in these
00:05:02systems? They clearly took advantage of
00:05:06vulnerabilities in the system, so refrigerators are
00:05:09connected objects like others. like a
00:05:13printer or air conditioning, now,
00:05:16if it has a sort of mini computer that allows them to be controlled remotely,
00:05:19taking control of these refrigerators was not
00:05:22extremely complicated, what was more complicated however, is to
00:05:26do it in a synchronized manner over all
00:05:29supermarkets, France was affected but also
00:05:31Europe, and that's where the difficulty
00:05:34lay, how to strengthen the security
00:05:38of these installations today?
00:05:41Well, let's hope it's a kind of
00:05:44wake-up call for all companies that do not
00:05:48yet sufficiently consider their digitization as
00:05:52being necessary to consider it with
00:05:55cybersecurity, and so for example
00:05:58refrigerator technicians who install
00:06:01refrigerators that are now equipped with mini computers, people
00:06:04who install air conditioning in buildings, also connected to the
00:06:08internet. must take up the subject because digital without
00:06:12cybersecurity gives this type of result, are there today
00:06:15other industrial equipment in Europe that could be threatened, I'm thinking for example of
00:06:19transport? So there is a lot of equipment if it is not
00:06:23sufficiently managed in
00:06:25terms of cybersecurity that can be threatened, we have seen, our
00:06:29researchers have seen notably in Ukraine but also in Poland
00:06:33at the end of last year, the energy sector targeted
00:06:39complex attacks to succeed
00:06:42in cutting or harming energy
00:06:45production or load shedding in the case of the
00:06:50targeted Ukraine in the end,
00:06:53so for these refrigerator attacks these are as I said Russian hacker
00:06:57groups who claimed them, these Russian hackers are currently waging a hybrid war in
00:07:01Europe.
00:07:04So there has been a hybrid war for a long time that effectively targets
00:07:07when we talk about
00:07:10actors aligned with the interests of Russia, which targets both
00:07:13Ukrainian territory but also the
00:07:18Ukraine, of which France is of course a part, and this
00:07:21hybrid war has existed for some time, so there is another attack that
00:07:25was much talked about yesterday, it's
00:07:28the cyber attack that targeted Arkea, this is
00:07:32a much more sophisticated attack, that's what the
00:07:35bank says anyway.
00:07:37Yes, it's an attack that goes through a service provider, it's the service provider who
00:07:41was initially attacked and who then thanks to his
00:07:45access, rather extensive access, allowed cybercriminals
00:07:48to go further into the banking system
00:07:51of Crédit Mutuel Arkea and from there to succeed in
00:07:55making transfers of a significant amount, Crédit Mutuel
00:07:59does not confirm the exact amount, but the order of magnitude which is
00:08:02a hundred million euros, and and then as it was well
00:08:06prepared, these funds were transferred sometimes to
00:08:09cryptocurrencies and there there is a money laundering system that is put in
00:08:12place to ensure that these cryptocurrencies eventually
00:08:16become untraceable because it's not because you
00:08:19go on cryptocurrencies that you are already untraceable,
00:08:23the blockchain is open, it is accessible to everyone and
00:08:27the police forces and justice are moreover in France
00:08:30particularly skilled in tracking cybercriminals
00:08:33who use blockchains, so crypto assets. Moreover,
00:08:37at the end of October, it was a cryptocurrency platform, Binance, that was a victim
00:08:40of a cyberattack, more than 5 billion euros were
00:08:44stolen, it's considerable, it also
00:08:47highlights the fragility of this sector,
00:08:50there are security flaws, so
00:08:53it highlights the fragility of a
00:08:57society that has become enormously digitized, we saw
00:09:00it this summer with the tax leak with national
00:09:04education, we see it here with Binance with Crédit Mutuel, also
00:09:07refrigerators, when we digitized our society without
00:09:11attaching enough cybersecurity to it,
00:09:15well we end up with vulnerabilities that are
00:09:17those we have today. Once again, for Binance, we are
00:09:21also on a rather
00:09:24sophisticated attack, the FBI attributes it to a group that is
00:09:28aligned with the interests of North Korea called Lazarus, and
00:09:32this group is used to using extremely
00:09:36effective phishing techniques, notably via professional platforms
00:09:39such as social networks like LinkedIn or. they will
00:09:42spearfish, phish personalities such as
00:09:46cryptocurrency developers and invite them to for
00:09:50example take code tests to find a new job except that
00:09:54in fact these are traps, for Arkea, there is still no
00:09:57claim uh who could be behind
00:10:01Russia for example or could it be
00:10:04criminal diversion?
00:10:06It is currently very
00:10:09difficult to make hypotheses, we are
00:10:12waiting for different information related to
00:10:16the investigations, all scenarios are open, if we look at
00:10:19Binance again, we see that these are actors who are
00:10:22aligned with the interests of North
00:10:26Korea, uh, the activist hackers
00:10:29uh pro-Russian are rather in
00:10:32sabotage or destabilization operations,
00:10:35less in funding research,
00:10:39and as for actors aligned with the interests of China
00:10:43they are rather in cyber espionage
00:10:46and in strategic positioning for rather
00:10:50economic purposes uh so for now all opportunities
00:10:53remain open depending on both the agendas and the objectives of
00:10:57each, in any case all this obviously worries individuals, especially
00:11:01the French, is today the savings
00:11:04of the French, of Europeans safe in banks?
00:11:08So whether it's in banks or on
00:11:10crypto platforms, there are mechanisms that are
00:11:13insurance mechanisms that allow
00:11:17savers or
00:11:20citizens to be insured as to
00:11:23their... Uh Arkea Crédit Mutuel
00:11:27said it, it's a significant amount but it ultimately represents quite
00:11:31little of their own funds, so they are able to continue to
00:11:34finance and to operate, they are not
00:11:37in danger, it's the same for Binance, it represented about 4
00:11:41% of the funds, so we are on something that is
00:11:45currently under control, which does not mean of course that we should not
00:11:48consider the impacts that this represents, but in any case in
00:11:52these large institutions the
00:11:54funds... of those who are clients are generally
00:11:58well protected, in the face of these multiplying cyberattacks, governments should
00:12:01today address these issues to strengthen
00:12:04cybersecurity, uh it is at this
00:12:07level that decisions must be made?
00:12:11So governments and notably Europe have
00:12:14taken a certain number of very strong measures
00:12:17uh if today notably in Europe
00:12:21sector uh transport uh everything that is
00:12:25essential, it's because there is a law
00:12:29called NIS, NIS version 1, which protects about
00:12:321200 what we call OIV, Operators
00:12:35of Vital Importance, this law must evolve into
00:12:39version 2, cover no longer 100 but 15000 entities
00:12:42in France must be spread throughout
00:12:46Europe, unfortunately this law is blocked in France
00:12:50and and if it were deployed, it would oblige a
00:12:54certain number. uh of economic operators to
00:12:57better consider their cybersecurity to
00:13:00resist this type of attack, there is also
00:13:03the CRA (Cyber Resilience Act) again a European
00:13:07law which rather targets uh manufacturers of digital
00:13:11objects such as refrigerators which obliges them much more to
00:13:14provide and over the longer term security updates
00:13:17notably to warn customers if necessary, which
00:13:21Danfoss does, who is the manufacturer of these
00:13:25refrigerators, so the legal
00:13:28arsenal is there to defend, now it must be
00:13:31applied and companies must realize
00:13:35that they themselves must step up their
00:13:38cybersecurity game to deal with these different attacks.
00:13:41Thank you very much, Benoit Grunewald, thank you for being our
00:13:45guest tonight on France 24, I remind you that you are a cybersecurity
00:13:48expert at SH. Let's
00:13:51now take the direction.
00:13:55So we're going to Naples right now
00:13:58in Italy
00:14:01uh in Naples
00:14:04where an almost unbelievable story took place
00:14:08that of a 25-year-old man, he's Swedish, he spent
00:14:12a month at the city's airport, he had no memory
00:14:15uh, he had no papers on him and he
00:14:18was finally identified by his
00:14:20family,
00:14:24watch. A passenger without luggage,
00:14:27without money and above all without
00:14:30memory. For several weeks, this young man
00:14:33has been wandering around Naples
00:14:34airport. What's your
00:14:39name? And your last
00:14:43name? He only knows his first name Daniel, his age 25
00:14:46and his Swedish
00:14:48nationality.
00:14:51I don't know how he arrived in Naples. If his belongings were stolen.
00:14:55papers, he asked me for shoes and money to go home,
00:14:58but if I give it to him, where and
00:15:00how will he go home?
00:15:03How did he end up at the airport? A mystery? According to Italian
00:15:07media, he reportedly mentioned a fight that may have
00:15:11caused him to lose his memory, his
00:15:13story in any case went viral on social media, this
00:15:17photo widely shared in Italy, but also in
00:15:20Sweden, good news, a few hours ago, the mysterious
00:15:23passenger finally
00:16:08the economy with Johanna Citruc who joined me on this set, Johanna,
00:16:14the increase in the minimum wage since it was one of the major demands of the
00:16:18demonstrators today, yes, that's what the demonstrators are demanding, that's what
00:16:22the unions are also demanding because today there is an urgency,
00:16:25an urgency to restore purchasing power to the French, that's what Sophie
00:16:29Bine, the general secretary of the CGT, said earlier
00:16:33in the Parisian procession, we
00:16:34listen to her.
00:16:37in thousands of service companies, employees went on
00:16:41strike to demand immediate salary increases. The
00:16:44message from the street to the government and employers is
00:16:47clear, nothing will stop us. How
00:16:51much is it today, the minimum wage Johanna? Well, it depends
00:16:55on the working time, but for a full-time employee, it
00:16:58is 1477 euros net per month. Today in
00:17:02France, it is estimated that there are a little more than 2 million people who are paid
00:17:06the minimum wage, which represents. far from 12 % of private sector
00:17:09employees, which is not negligible, so
00:17:12indeed, increasing the minimum wage would allow a large number of
00:17:16French people to gain purchasing power, especially since technically it's
00:17:20possible, we already do it at least once a year on every first
00:17:23of January, the minimum
00:17:26inflation, we can also increase it during
00:17:29the year provided that the price increase exceeds 2 % since the
00:17:33last revaluation, this is what happened
00:17:35in June and then... last scenario, the government can
00:17:39also decide to increase the minimum wage whenever it wants, so
00:17:42independently of inflation, this is what we call a boost, except that
00:17:46this is much rarer, the last time it happened was in
00:17:492012 under François Hollande, and the current government
00:17:52would consider it again, yes in view of the mobilization in
00:17:56France currently, it is indeed a path that it is studying, it
00:18:00proceeds, it may want to proceed with a new boost,
00:18:04but not only that, it is also considering advancing the...
00:18:07revaluation of the minimum wage which should theoretically take place on January 1st, this is what
00:18:11Michel Barnier did, remember, at the end of 2024 when he was prime
00:18:14minister, now the whole question today is in what
00:18:18proportion, how much should the minimum wage be increased, the
00:18:21unions advocate for fairly significant
00:18:25increases, the problem is that this risks drastically
00:18:28increasing the number of French people at the minimum wage, why? because there will inevitably
00:18:31be a catch-up, all the people who are a little
00:18:35above the current minimum wage will be caught up by the new minimum wage, which
00:18:39means that instead of having 2 million minimum wage earners as is the case
00:18:43currently, there will perhaps be 3 or 4 million, this is generally what
00:18:46is called the smicardisation of society, and we cannot avoid this
00:18:49phenomenon, so yes, provided that in parallel with
00:18:55companies agree to increase other salaries, those that are a little
00:18:58above the minimum wage, this would prevent
00:19:01a compression of wage grids, except that there is
00:19:05little chance of this happening under current conditions, notably because of
00:19:08what is called the RGDU, the single regressive
00:19:11general reduction of employer contributions, these are reductions
00:19:15in charges on low wages that are granted to
00:19:19companies, these reductions are highest for employees
00:19:22at the minimum wage and they decrease progressively on higher
00:19:25remunerations up to three times the minimum wage where there are
00:19:29no more aids, the advantage of this system is
00:19:32that it encourages companies to hire, the disadvantage is that it
00:19:35also encourages them to keep the most
00:19:37employees possible at the minimum wage or in any case with relatively low salaries to
00:19:41have the most reductions possible, this is what is called in
00:19:45economics a low-wage trap and the other difficulty is
00:19:48that the cost of labor is very high in France, yes and it is precisely for
00:19:51this that reductions in charges had been put in place to generally
00:19:55reduce the cost of labor because look at the infographic that will
00:19:58appear to pay an employee at the minimum wage the employer
00:20:02will have to pay more than 2000 euros, it goes
00:20:05up to more than 9000 euros for an employee who is paid
00:20:095000 euros each month, so each small increase in
00:20:13net salary has significant consequences on the total cost that
00:20:16the employer must pay and that is why it risks being
00:20:20complicated to convince companies to increase
00:20:24salaries beyond the minimum wage, unless
00:20:27a new incentive mechanism is put in
00:20:30place and precisely according to the newspaper Les Echos, the government
00:20:34would be considering a draft decree to... condition
00:20:38employer social security contributions to salary increases, it would particularly
00:20:41target professional branches since, as you know, they
00:20:45determine the salary grids for different professions, the
00:20:49problem is that they have minimums that are lower than the minimum wage,
00:20:52this happens notably when the minimum wage increases but they do not yet have time to review,
00:20:56to rework their agreements, but be careful, this does not mean that
00:21:00employees would be paid below the minimum
00:21:03wage, that is illegal. On the other hand, it means
00:21:06that the entire salary grid is pulled downwards, which can
00:21:10lead to quite astonishing situations where
00:21:13two employees with different skills, with different
00:21:17experiences but who have almost
00:21:20the same remuneration, thank you very much Johanna Citruc, that was the economy,
00:21:24obviously this mobilization in France for the increase in purchasing
00:21:27power and notably a revaluation of the
00:21:30minimum wage, we will talk about it again in the zoom, it will be at
00:21:3310:30 PM Paris
00:24:46of news, we'll be back in a few moments for the.
00:24:50actu 360, we will focus on this new
00:24:52mobilization this Thursday in France,
00:24:55a mobilization hailed by the unions who believe that
00:24:59it was a success, there were nearly
00:25:021 million people according to the
00:25:05CGT in the streets, nearly 60,000 according to the
00:25:10Interior, a mobilization against the
00:25:13high cost of living, demonstrators are demanding notably we talked about a
00:25:16revaluation of the minimum wage, we talk about all that in...
00:25:28a moment, stay with us, to understand the world, you have to live at the heart of
00:25:31events, from Jakarta to Beirut, passing through
00:25:34Kinshasa, Kiev, or Washington, France 24's
00:25:38correspondents are everywhere,
00:25:41200 correspondents who live near you, their
00:25:44mission, to inform
00:25:48the day.
00:25:50objective, serious, reliable,
00:25:54independent information, verified facts, unmasked
00:25:57fake news, France 24, we are
00:26:00here, we are there and there. to
00:26:03inform you
00:26:09to link Marcel Proust, the Belle Époque and the neighborhoods of Nanterre, you have to
00:26:13take a strange street the lost
00:26:16taste street to know the menu there, a
00:26:19pop-up restaurant that brings out the flavors and elegance of another
00:26:22era, a concept that doesn't exist, so each time
00:26:25we invest in a place, we create a kind of gourmet
00:26:28restaurant that we really
00:26:30enjoy.
00:26:33But here, the past is not frozen, it is cooked, shared and
00:26:36reinvented, so
00:26:38let's eat, when we hear
00:26:41a little bit of the sound of the fork, it feels good, no quarter presented
00:26:45by to see on France
00:26:4824, find the weather with group
00:26:52ama, a mutual insurance company committed to forest protection
00:26:55for nearly 100 years,
00:26:59group always there for me.
00:30:12Paris, welcome to the 360 zoom on France 24,
00:30:16we're going to focus tonight on the new social mobilization this
00:30:19Thursday in France, the most important this autumn, there were
00:30:25Interior, more than 1.5 million according to the CGT, employees,
00:30:29civil servants, students, high school students, or retirees were in the street.
00:30:32All of them are demanding more purchasing power,
00:30:36listen to some of these
00:30:37demonstrators,
00:30:40well, we're struggling more and more, and yet my husband works at the
00:30:43hospital and I work at the university and have trouble making
00:30:47ends meet, we have to make choices about our leisure activities, we have to make
00:30:50choices about our holidays, so that's why, for all these
00:30:54reasons, and also because I support the high school students in their demands, and
00:30:58and I come in support of...