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00:00:00consequences, from decisions in Washington to consequences for
00:00:03Europe, our region. What changes does this election
00:00:07night bring and what do the results mean for Donald Trump,
00:00:10we bring directly from the American capital.
00:00:13American congressional elections. November 3, election
00:00:16night on N1.
00:01:50to osteoporosis as such and
00:02:12Every third woman over 50 will suffer a fracture due to
00:02:16osteoporosis, the bone does not hurt and there is no warning until it
00:02:19breaks. Osteoporosis is therefore called the silent thief of bones, and
00:02:23menopause is the moment when that thief most often enters the
00:02:26door. What is the connection between bone hormones?
00:02:30who are most at risk and what can we do in time, Dr.
00:02:33Mirsad Muftijić, a specialist in physiatry, my guest this morning, to whom I wish a good
00:02:37morning and welcome to a new day. Good morning to you and your viewers. We tried
00:02:41to somehow show
00:02:44this in the form of buildings, now
00:02:47a little house, yes, how good this will be or not, but I believe it will be
00:02:51picturesque and will certainly leave a mark on our viewers, so
00:02:55the bone as a building, estrogen as a security guard at the
00:02:58entrance when... "the demolishers work faster than
00:03:02the builders, who are the demolishers, who are the builders and how does this, doctor,
00:03:06resonate with what we want to talk about bones? Well, in
00:03:10our body, bone is living matter, meaning that in a few
00:03:13years, all bone cells change. There are bone cells
00:03:17that make bone osteoblasts, those are the positive,
00:03:20good osteoclasts that dissolve bone. In society, you have people who
00:03:23act positively and those who act negatively. Estrogen is the guardian
00:03:27of bones in women in this case. Mhm...
00:03:30There is always some balance, with the fact that between the ages of 25
00:03:34and 30, there are more osteoblasts, so the bone is stronger,
00:03:37harder, the white cubes the house is strong, the house is
00:03:40strong. We enter early menopause, which is a bigger
00:03:43problem, or normal menopause. Now,
00:03:46estrogen slowly leaves the body, it's no longer there. These
00:03:49osteoclasts, the destroyers, start to dissolve bone more.
00:03:53Now, these are those porous things, that's our bone now, that
00:03:56internal network, the internal network of bones means...
00:04:00"the bone beams are thinner,
00:04:02the bone mineral density is thinner, the bones are
00:04:05prone to fractures and changes, mhm, that is
00:04:09actually what happens when a natural
00:04:13phase occurs in every woman's life, that is
00:04:16menopause. Uh, how much
00:04:19there is actually little knowledge about the connection
00:04:22between menopause and what it does to our bones, i.e.
00:04:25the osteoporosis it causes? Well, mostly we later, we
00:04:29talk..." about fractures, about fractures, about complications
00:04:32of osteoporosis. I always like to say that osteoporosis is a pediatric
00:04:36disease with geriatric consequences. So, if our viewers
00:04:40look at this house now, then they should understand that their
00:04:43children should eat quality, good food,
00:04:46properly, lots of protein, lots of minerals, so that
00:04:49house would be as strong as possible, so that there would be as
00:04:52few of these small black windows as possible. So, in
00:04:57that also affects childhood we build bones, we build a bone bank, a bone structure bank, so that when our
00:05:01estrogen guardian is no longer there, that bank can slowly give
00:05:04those interests and give us as much bone health as possible. So, that's it,
00:05:08bones are preserved in early
00:05:10good. with geriatric consequences, when
00:05:14it's already too late, that's the problem. Yes, now we will
00:05:18actually show here how important those first
00:05:21years are, especially in menopause. This graphic shows
00:05:24us, doctor, what? Well, this
00:05:27graphic actually shows us that we have, so there is female
00:05:30osteoporosis, male osteoporosis. However, in women
00:05:33it occurs much earlier, unfortunately, in menopause we see
00:05:37that we can lose a fifth of the skeleton in five
00:05:41years, the first... during menopause. Not every woman
00:05:44has to lose that much, we again go back to the previous slide and
00:05:48the previous story, if we have built up bones well enough, then we will
00:05:52lose less. Men in their 50s and 60s
00:05:55slowly start to lose this
00:05:58calcium content, generally bone mass and
00:06:01mineral density becomes lower. Somewhere in their 80s,
00:06:05female and male osteoporosis
00:06:08become the same, they become the same, so, however, this
00:06:11peak... "the problem is early menopause in women before
00:06:1545, 50, there we have a large drop in bone
00:06:19density, there can be all those complications of osteoporosis which are
00:06:22within osteoporotic fractures actually the most severe complication.
00:06:26When we talk, well, about those first years which are crucial, let's just
00:06:29make, so for those who are still looking for themselves in that
00:06:33time uh, yes, interval
00:06:36of menopause, or perimenopause, or that
00:06:39ovarian insufficiency which can occur even before the age of 40."
00:06:43Well, we said that female sex hormones, i.e., estrogen, protect
00:06:47bones. If a woman enters early
00:06:50menopause due to ovarian disease, due to genetics,
00:06:54uh, it happens that that peak becomes faster and
00:06:57the bone deteriorates faster. So, these are women who are more susceptible
00:07:02to complications of osteoporosis. In men, it goes a bit slower,
00:07:06however, many times people forget
00:07:10that severe pain in a person... 35 years
00:07:13they go for everything else except osteoporosis. There is so-called senile male
00:07:17osteoporosis which appears after 70,
00:07:2080, almost an equal number of women and men at that
00:07:23age. So, the moment we think about bone
00:07:27health, we must think about both male and female sex, it's just that the
00:07:31female sex is more insufficient and
00:07:33more somehow
00:07:37prone to osteoporosis faster, at higher risk,
00:07:41so that's for women. Up to 40, if they have early
00:07:45menopau early menopause, perimenopause, or menopause,
00:07:48until what interval does that go, or for women who certainly suffer
00:07:52uh symptoms, consequences, that's right. Well, in the
00:07:55first five years, that's the biggest, you know, in the first five years we should do
00:07:58a bone density assessment and see where we are, see where we are, so
00:08:02that's a very important thing to assess. The worst
00:08:06thing is to think that it won't happen to us, if it won't happen to someone,
00:08:09that's something that we shouldn't because it's... what is quickly called
00:08:13a silent epidemic, meaning it doesn't hurt. It would be good if
00:08:16it hurt, because then due to the pain, the patient would go
00:08:19to the doctor, would do some examination, bone
00:08:22density, CT, X-ray, mineral
00:08:25laboratory, it would be seen that we have an imbalance, and at this moment it doesn't hurt
00:08:28and at the moment it hurts or when a small fall leads to
00:08:32a fracture, then we say it's already a little late. Yes, that's our next
00:08:36graphic, that's actually what I want to show, so who
00:08:39should, doctor, especially pay attention, because you say it's a fracture. They
00:08:42just happen, they don't hurt, osteoporosis doesn't
00:08:46hurt. Are there any
00:08:48symptoms, well, what are the
00:08:51red alarms, yellow or blue in this
00:08:55case of ours so that there could be that risk? Well, what
00:08:59you have here on this slide is well shown, first, this
00:09:02really early menopause, that's our, that's our red flag,
00:09:06a red flag that we must do and we need to do a bone
00:09:09density assessment to see what and how, however, when we see...
00:09:13mm patients with petite constitution, short stature,
00:09:16thin bones, simply such genetics, they are
00:09:20also suspect to us that they could enter early
00:09:23osteoporosis, uh, patients who have long-term
00:09:27use of corticosteroids,
00:09:29patients with rheumatic diseases, for example, rheumatoid arthritis, they
00:09:33also, and what is very important is to ask patients,
00:09:37a patient often says in the anamnesis, "But we might
00:09:40not hear it well, like I could reach my cup, now
00:09:44I can't anymore." This means she has shrunk, she has decreased, she is not, simply no one tells
00:09:48her that she has lost body height, to find her body
00:09:51height from before. That's why it's very important when visiting
00:09:54the doctor for the first time to also take her body height, what it was, what it is
00:09:58now. That loss of body height and those changes are in
00:10:02fact a sign that it could be harmful factors like
00:10:05risk from tobacco, alcohol, that is definitely something
00:10:10bone, and what is very important is movement. So, movement and
00:10:13exercise and genetics, genetic predisposition for sure, and
00:10:17one of the very important questions that the International
00:10:20Osteoporosis Foundation recommends is: have there been any bone fractures in your parents?
00:10:25Mhm, if so, then it's a sign that we carry a genetic
00:10:29predisposition that that patient could enter
00:10:32into a serious problem due to osteoporosis. Yes, we will return
00:10:36to movement, that is a very important topic. What I want to ask you is,
00:10:39in case of a wrist fracture, uh,
00:10:42hip, what else, what breaks first, gets damaged
00:10:46and happens? Many times, many times
00:10:49patients, many times there is an osteoporotic vertebral fracture and
00:10:53patients say it like... oh, it hurts a little, I felt a sharp
00:10:57pain at one point, maybe it didn't hurt that much later, those are so-called
00:11:00fractures where there is a loss of vertebral height, that's why
00:11:04patients, that's why patients also shrink. So, at that
00:11:07moment, if that happens, then definitely when
00:11:11visiting a doctor, an X-ray should be done in
00:11:14two positions of the spinal column and a bone density assessment, because that
00:11:18is already a sign of an osteoporotic fracture, it can be.
00:11:22And I will go back to movement, which you mentioned, it is very important. Important, so
00:11:25one of the recommendations is to move. Why is it important to move, why
00:11:29is it important to exercise, i.e., strengthen muscle
00:11:33musculature, what does it all hold and how does it function in our body? Well,
00:11:36when we say, it's a vicious circle, when we say, I have no strength, no
00:11:40strength because I don't have good musculature, no good
00:11:43ligaments that don't move the skeletal system, then we enter a
00:11:47closed circle, let me be like this, I'm fine. And when
00:11:50a muscle works, it simply when it works, it creates so-called microcurrents,
00:11:54these microcurrents. They act positively on those osteoblast cells,
00:11:57bone builders, and that building process is
00:12:01better. So, if we do nothing, if we put the best
00:12:04athlete in immobilization for two
00:12:06months, that immobilized part, arm or leg, will already lead to osteopenia
00:12:10and osteoporosis. So, muscles, activity and
00:12:13movement, that is one of the three pillars of osteoporosis
00:12:16prevention, definitely. Yes, and movement is not difficult, it's not
00:12:20demanding, why do we move so little? I understand that we will all now find a million reasons
00:12:24why to do it... However, let's find some
00:12:27reasons why to do it. Well, that sedentary lifestyle, that's
00:12:31it, we got up and immediately sat down to drink coffee, then we immediately sat
00:12:35in the car, then we came to the office, then we sat down again,
00:12:39then we sat in the car, then we came home, saying "Oh, I'm fed up with
00:12:42everything," then we turned on the TV or some network, mhm,
00:12:46then we sat down again and so we didn't
00:12:49move. Definitely, the body needs movement, if we don't
00:12:53give it that, it will face consequences. So, my
00:12:56plea to our viewers, to our
00:13:00patients, to all those who want good for themselves,
00:13:04definitely move. Give yourself 20 minutes, whether it's
00:13:07daily movement, whether it's going to work in the morning on
00:13:11foot or getting off the trolleybus two stops earlier and walking or two stops
00:13:14later, but definitely move. Use the weekend also
00:13:18for walking, it's free. We can talk about
00:13:21gas, electricity, everything, but you can move
00:13:25for free. Your body, God gave you, you have health to
00:13:28move, and you don't want to do it. Then later when
00:13:32there are consequences, then it's already a problem, then movement is with
00:13:36functional aids, a walker, a cane, then we enter a
00:13:39different story. So that we don't enter that story, move, that's right.
00:13:43We have one more graphic left which is very important and which will
00:13:46actually show when a woman or
00:13:50a man should have
00:13:52a densitometry and what is available today? Well, including
00:13:56prevention first, which we mentioned, movement,
00:13:59of course, nutritional food intake
00:14:02and everything else that we can
00:14:05later, if osteoporosis already occurs,
00:14:09resolve with hormone therapy. So, we started with
00:14:12movement, we finished, so maybe we should mention this pillar
00:14:15of nutrition, definitely the pillar of nutrition, that's very important. So, first in
00:14:19childhood, early youth, we should eat a lot of milk, protein, dairy
00:14:23products, later not too much fat in milk because we'll raise fat levels.
00:14:26So then we could eat a little more fish,
00:14:29fish, fish, legumes, so that's very
00:14:32important. Uh, when our elders told us
00:14:36during the word to take vitamin D, it wasn't for nothing. Vitamin
00:14:40D, we should sit on the grass until we get vitamin D, yes, it's not good under a walnut tree, shade
00:14:43is not good. So always something, meaning vitamin
00:14:46D, especially if we already feel tired
00:14:50in October, it's good to check it. I always say,
00:14:53it's good to check it and then... based on the level of vitamin
00:14:57D, determine how good that vitamin D is, know how to
00:15:01take it. When I ask a patient, "Well, I take it sometimes, I take it in the evening," vitamin
00:15:04D is taken with lunch, with the largest meal, when there's the most
00:15:08fat, that's when it's best absorbed. It's better
00:15:11absorbed when it's in spray form or liquid form than in tablet form,
00:15:14but either way, it's good to take it and it's good to think about giving
00:15:18it to our children and it's good that we give it to ourselves, not
00:15:21only for bones, but also for immunity and for... due to constant fatigue
00:15:25that we feel in autumn, mhm, besides vitamin
00:15:28D, what else? So, movement definitely and
00:15:32what you wrote here, no smoking, less alcohol, those are the
00:15:36risk factors that... are also asked, does
00:15:39it really accelerate bone mass loss? Yes, certainly.
00:15:42Evidence-based medicine has shown that when large
00:15:45meta-studies are done on hundreds of thousands of patients who
00:15:49are smokers or alcohol consumers, they have
00:15:52osteoporosis. So, that's how that data was obtained, it's certainly
00:15:56accurate, and all of this together, if we do it,
00:16:00i.e., we must do a bone scan to see
00:16:04where we are, what we are. Now, for bone scanning, it says here:
00:16:07densitometry. These are so-called central
00:16:10densitometers that measure bone mineral density, they measure bone
00:16:14density, good. Mm, a faster method is screening
00:16:17ultrasound of the heel bone, good, which can be done
00:16:20very quickly, in three minutes, an
00:16:24ultrasound of the heel bone is done, the foot is placed in the apparatus, it spits
00:16:27out a T or a score. That score
00:16:31is very close to what will be on the central DEXA, it
00:16:35can be our guide to say "Aha, I see.
00:16:38We already have osteoporosis on the ultrasound, we immediately send the patient to have
00:16:42an osteodensitometry. That's very important. Mm,
00:16:45I also need to mention for people who think that based on
00:16:49ultrasound they will be able to determine medication, no, ultrasound is a quick
00:16:52assessment. Ultrasound or DEXA or densitometer
00:16:56is the gold standard. Based on DEXA we monitor the improvement of
00:16:59the therapy we give and we monitor the therapeutic effect and
00:17:03we monitor diagnostics. Based on ultrasound we cannot
00:17:06do that." And for this DEXA, it is very important that it is painless, that
00:17:10it is a quick scan, that the radiation is minimal and that it
00:17:13is in fact the gold standard everywhere the hip and lower
00:17:17back are scanned, where the greatest load is, to see
00:17:20bone density. There are two letters there, T or
00:17:23score, which actually tells us, it is our diagnostic one that
00:17:27tells us what kind of bone mineral density it is. Someone who is
00:17:3065, for example, compared to someone who is 30 or
00:17:3325, when bone density is strongest, and everything from 0 to -1
00:17:37is a healthy population, from -1 to -2.5
00:17:41is osteopenia, meaning it is the beginning of bone mass loss, when
00:17:45we must already think about supplements, vitamin D and
00:17:48calcium. -2.5
00:17:50lower is already osteoporosis, yes, and what is
00:17:54very important is that when we have osteoporosis and
00:17:58any fracture, whether it's a wrist fracture, hip fracture, or
00:18:01vertebral fracture, that is the clinical entity we call severe osteoporosis and
00:18:05that's how we must treat it. I asked you about this before
00:18:08the inclusion, and I will ask now for those who exercise, with all the
00:18:12recommendations they receive, that after 30, you mentioned
00:18:1635, when bones are actually strongest, mm, and
00:18:19when they exercise, so something cracks, something pops, that's already
00:18:23a sign that the body is changing, i.e., bones are
00:18:26changing. You answered me that as long as it cracks,
00:18:29it's good. Yes, so what to tell those who actually exercise
00:18:33daily, care about their health, but in that squat or
00:18:37lifting weights, feel that something is a little off? Those are
00:18:40so-called sound phenomena, audible
00:18:43phenomena of joints, joint movement, so that's not
00:18:46a change, that part doesn't tell us that the bone is
00:18:50cracking, but it tells us that the body
00:18:53is working. But when nothing cracks, when we enter a phase when the
00:18:56bone is melting, that's a problem. Therefore, as long as we exercise, as long as
00:19:00we move, as long as we do
00:19:03strength, balance, equilibrium exercises, that's good. We are constantly feeding
00:19:07and animating our body with the health of our bones, so not
00:19:11moving is a problem. And finally, for those who have already been
00:19:15diagnosed
00:19:17with osteoporosis, what are the therapies, doctor, and what
00:19:21actually, how invasive are they, how much are
00:19:25they used, how? Well, therapies are at the moment
00:19:28when DEXA already confirms bone mass loss
00:19:32such that therapy is needed, then the patient, male or female,
00:19:36should really seek someone who professionally deals with osteoporosis. These
00:19:39can be doctors, endocrinologists, doctors,
00:19:43orthopedists, doctors specializing in physical medicine, rehabilitation, doctors,
00:19:46rheumatologists, everyone, everyone can deal with osteoporosis in their own
00:19:49way. So there are three things: one is dietary advice
00:19:53that we talked about, second is advice for movement and exercises,
00:19:57meaning strength, balance, equilibrium exercises, mm,
00:20:00gait assessment is very important, and third
00:20:04would be vitamin D assessment, before
00:20:07determining therapy at all, assessment of laboratory parameters of ionic
00:20:11calcium, mm some
00:20:14other important minerals like fluoride, potassium, then based on
00:20:17that, therapy is determined. If it's osteoporosis, we must go with
00:20:21medicamentous therapy. There are bisphosphonates,
00:20:24there is denosumab, so
00:20:27there are all the medications that are currently in the world, in Europe,
00:20:31therapy. That would roughly be therapy, for example, up to about
00:20:3510 years, then a break is made, then it's changed. So, around
00:20:38osteoporosis, we must be delicate, like walking on glass,
00:20:42believe me, that's something very important and good adherence
00:20:45is important to have good
00:20:48adherence of the patient to the doctor. So, if we write
00:20:51"check-up as needed," that means "I'm no longer interested in you as
00:20:55a patient." But if I say, "Let's check vitamin D in four
00:20:58or five months, then we'll do a follow-up examination, then you'll come for
00:21:02a follow-up," and we write down "patient," he thinks "Aha, I have to go in
00:21:05March again to do it." So, we monitor our patient, that's
00:21:09very important to monitor the patient and to cooperate
00:21:12and that the patient is not a passive member of the rehabilitation
00:21:16team. It's very important to give him
00:21:19activity, to say: "Here, I've given you a weapon, now
00:21:23learn to shoot." Yes, and for those
00:21:26who are not in that phase, fortunately,
00:21:28the most important message you want them to
00:21:32hear this morning, especially women who are in perimenopause,
00:21:35menopause, to conclude this whole story. Well, since
00:21:39I said it's a pediatric disease with geriatric
00:21:42consequences, when we fall and break a hip, that's already a problem. So,
00:21:46my message to all our female viewers and patients
00:21:51is: save your bones today so that you can be
00:21:54more independent and have more dignity tomorrow. Thank you very much for
00:21:58all these wonderful tips and professional insight into what
00:22:02you have been doing for years, and here we have brought a part of it this morning in a new day. Thank you.
00:22:05Thank you once again, physiatry specialist Dr.
00:22:09Mirsad was a guest today.
00:22:12Watch this guest appearance on our web portal
00:22:15n1info.ba or on social media. So, what
00:22:19Dr. Muftić said this morning is really worth listening to and
00:22:22listening to, and most importantly, stay with us.
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00:24:15Domod, America chooses
00:24:18Congress. Trump's policy is facing a new test. Who will have
00:24:22the majority and the power to pass laws, approve money,
00:24:25and oversee the president? From Washington, we are following the key moments
00:24:29of the American midterm elections, which could determine the political future
00:24:32of the USA. We are including reporters and experts from Sarajevo and
00:24:36Belgrade, while our guests explain the political
00:24:39consequences, from decisions in Washington to consequences for
00:24:42Europe and our region. What changes does this election
00:24:46night bring and what do the results mean for Donald Trump, we bring
00:24:50directly from the American capital. American elections for
00:24:53Congress, November 3rd, election night on N1.
00:25:089 hours and 25 minutes. We continue with a new day after
00:25:12we have learned something about health, ourselves, let's
00:25:15learn about online shopping, which is increasingly changing consumer
00:25:18habits, but opens up questions of security, consumer protection, and
00:25:21merchant business, while citizens are increasingly shopping online,
00:25:25the domestic market is still looking for a way to keep up with the
00:25:29trend.
00:25:32To look for the desired product at home, buy it online, or go from
00:25:35store to store and choose. Although it is gaining
00:25:39popularity, trust in online shopping and citizens' experiences
00:25:43are still different. The good thing is that you don't have to bother,
00:25:46you can order from home, that's it.
00:25:50I bought chocolates online, they show you, for example, coffee, you would
00:25:54normally buy coffee, and now instead of going somewhere, you know they will bring it to you.
00:25:58I need that coffee, I'll buy it online. 2 kg, let it sit, I'm watching
00:26:02you go. depending on what I need,
00:26:05household, clothes, shoes, not that
00:26:08often, you have benefits, you go in and buy
00:26:11closer, I don't want to buy until I touch it, I don't like anything, my wife and
00:26:15daughter buy, probably something else they buy, one of the key
00:26:19factors when buying is the price, the same product in different
00:26:22stores can cost significantly more or less, which is why
00:26:26citizens increasingly compare prices, one example of such
00:26:29a possibility is the platform škrtica.ba which...
00:26:32was recently launched by Dženan Hamzić, a resident of Zenica with an address in
00:26:36Austria. Average savings on Škrtica between current
00:26:39offers is about 61 or 62
00:26:42marks, but for larger products, home appliances, for
00:26:46televisions, for mobile phones, that difference is significant, I
00:26:50have a good example from yesterday where my wife was looking for
00:26:53a vacuum cleaner, we found a difference of 700
00:26:56marks. Although interest in online shopping is growing, the domestic market
00:27:00is still lagging behind developed countries, especially when it comes to
00:27:04product availability and ease of ordering. In
00:27:07many countries around the world, online trade practically
00:27:10surpasses in significance and influence traditional trade,
00:27:14practically everything is bought ordered online,
00:27:17should normally be
00:27:20fully transferred to Bosnia and Herzegovina. Unfortunately, in
00:27:24our country, many things still cannot be ordered online in
00:27:28an equally practical way as in the world. Because of this, some citizens
00:27:32are increasingly turning to foreign platforms, especially
00:27:34low-budget ones from China, however, economists believe that they are
00:27:38useful for consumers because they often offer citizens to buy the same
00:27:41products significantly cheaper than on the domestic market, any kind of
00:27:45burden on such
00:27:48stores, i.e., such purchases with additional duties
00:27:51as is done, for example, in the European Union, would be very
00:27:54wrong, it would discourage and make such
00:27:58trade more expensive, on the other hand, it would contribute to even
00:28:00greater. on the domestic market. The development
00:28:04of online trade is also accompanied by problems, according to estimates from the relevant
00:28:08ministry, due to the gray economy in electronic commerce, the Federation
00:28:11of Bosnia and Herzegovina annually loses more than 200 million marks in public
00:28:15revenues. The new law on electronic commerce in
00:28:18the Federation, according to announcements from the relevant ministry, could
00:28:22regulate the current situation. One of the basic goals of this
00:28:25law is to ensure safe
00:28:28shopping for consumers in
00:28:31a way. that the law stipulates that the product price
00:28:35should be clearly stated, delivery costs, that
00:28:39it should be possible to return goods
00:28:42that do not correspond to how they
00:28:45are displayed in sales, all
00:28:48European directives have been applied in this
00:28:51law. This will regulate unregistered sales through
00:28:55social networks, for those who operate outside the regulations, penalties
00:28:59from 3,000 to 30,000 marks are provided, while
00:29:02this area is not regulated, citizens are left to carefully choose from whom
00:29:06and how they buy, Fedža Kulina
00:29:08N1.
00:29:12While the countries of the region are fighting for every new airline, Sarajevo entered the winter
00:29:16flight schedule without one Ryanair line. Why
00:29:19do airlines choose some and abandon other airports,
00:29:23how much public money do we allocate to attract them and can Bosnia and Herzegovina
00:29:27ensure more stable connectivity with
00:29:29Europe?
00:29:31The winter flight schedule has begun without a single line of the leading
00:29:35low-cost company from Sarajevo International Airport.
00:29:38Ryanair has its own business strategies, its own
00:29:41business models. They simply make such
00:29:44a decision to close one of their bases, open elsewhere. That elsewhere
00:29:48in the region is retained with smart discounts, while
00:29:51Croatia and North Macedonia forgive aviation giants up to
00:29:5590% of fees through growth models and subsidies,
00:29:59Bosnia and Herzegovina returned a fixed state levy
00:30:02of three marks per passenger, at this moment we do not have the support
00:30:06of the director, i.e., the management of the
00:30:09Directorate for Civil Aviation without whose signature we cannot go
00:30:13for a new moratorium or a reduction of this price, here we come to another
00:30:17administrative blockade of BH Air, an institution that should
00:30:20guarantee the legality of air
00:30:23traffic, is actually grounded itself, for years
00:30:27neglected, the Directorate in this mandate was left without a law
00:30:31that was supposed to bring reform. "Experts who should
00:30:34supervise our entire aviation sector are currently
00:30:38civil servants, in the civil service you cannot offer
00:30:42the best experts working conditions, salaries that will
00:30:45attract them, which is why it is a big
00:30:48challenge in the sense that our Directorate for Civil
00:30:51Aviation is currently devastated in terms of
00:30:54staff, while umbrella institutions sleep, lower levels of government
00:30:57fight the battle themselves, cantons and entities."