Google Cloud Speech-to-Text API (Chirp) + Gemini 2.5 Flash Non-Thinking. Treat it as a searchable index of what was broadcast, not a quotation record.
00:00:00So, what are the dangers and how can we protect
00:00:03ourselves and
00:00:04children?
00:00:09Worldwide, more than 3 billion people play games
00:00:12regularly on their cell phones, computers or consoles,
00:00:15and many of them are very young. An estimated
00:00:1894% of children born from 2010 to
00:00:212024, also known as Generation Alpha,
00:00:25play games. The platform Roblox is especially popular with
00:00:28children. Users create avatars like this
00:00:32or this. They build virtual worlds and even
00:00:36craft their own games. They can also look at other people's
00:00:39creations, and that can become an issue. Design your
00:00:43own Mars Rover and explore the Red Planet. Not only an adventure for
00:00:47young users on Roblox, but also
00:00:49educational.
00:00:51But then there's a very different Roblox world. This so-called
00:00:55condo game is all about Roblox avatars having
00:00:58sex, exploring. Roblox's shady worlds is the focus
00:01:02of researchers at Penn State University in the
00:01:04US. As part of the project, they gather data on user-
00:01:08generated games, for example on Roblox and Fortnite. They
00:01:12show us how it
00:01:13works. They scroll through
00:01:17Discord, a popular forum for gamers. Some
00:01:20users share links to the worlds they've created on Roblox. From
00:01:24there, it doesn't take
00:01:26long.
00:01:28Select your age, proof required, then
00:01:31gender. Inside, users land in a lobby in which players
00:01:35offer their avatars for virtual
00:01:37sex.
00:01:40Elsewhere on Roblox, there are games replicating violent
00:01:43events like this one made to simulate the 9/11 terror
00:01:46attack.
00:01:50There was also a game recreating the mass shooting in Christchurch, New
00:01:53Zealand, where a self-avowed white supremacist killed
00:01:57her the answer is a 51 people in two mosques. Roblox removed
00:02:00the game, but not before it was seen and
00:02:02played.
00:02:06This is Yubo Ko. He leads the research project at Penn
00:02:10State. He says children don't understand that the violence they see in
00:02:14games is problematic outside of them. It is
00:02:18concerning because, well, they are sort of normalizing
00:02:21this, and then they accept these types
00:02:24of problematic values like extremist values or
00:02:28racist values. Typically, the games on Roblox are
00:02:31harmless, but Yubo Ko has spoken with children who have seen
00:02:35violent depictions.
00:02:38They were really troubled. They felt afraid to
00:02:41directly reach out to their parents. There's another
00:02:45concern too: platforms like Roblox are actively used by
00:02:48extremists to reach out to and recruit
00:02:51children.
00:02:54They can create these types of problematic
00:02:57virtual worlds, and then these virtual worlds are
00:03:01the site for them to recruit
00:03:04and to indoctrinate and to further
00:03:08engage unsuspecting child players. Those child
00:03:12players become both victims and also
00:03:15perpetrators. With this project, Yubo Ko and his
00:03:19team want to raise awareness about the risks of
00:03:22gaming.
00:03:25After a wave of criticism, Roblox implemented some
00:03:28changes. Since late 2024, certain features
00:03:32are no longer accessible to users under 13,
00:03:35and the company expanded parental control tools like
00:03:38monitoring screen time. But for many, this is not enough.
00:03:42Another problematic feature still remains available, because it's simply
00:03:46too lucrative, not just for Roblox, but for other platforms like
00:03:50it? We will not make any more statements. Let us it too. Gambling mechanisms are common in the world of
00:03:53gaming. That includes virtual boxes,
00:03:57which you often have to buy with real money.
00:04:01If you're lucky, they unlock special upgrades or new features.
00:04:05Loot boxes are used on the gaming platform Roblox and in games like
00:04:08Brawl Stars or Final Fantasy.
00:04:12The problem is, loot boxes can be addictive, even
00:04:16when the prizes aren't anything
00:04:17special.
00:04:20Cognitive cyber psychologist Aaron Drummond studies the risks
00:04:24involved. A person feels like the next
00:04:27time that they engage in that behavior, they might just that little bit closer to that
00:04:31big win and that can result in really fast behavioral
00:04:34acquisition. A prize in a game means dopamine in the
00:04:38brain. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter released as a
00:04:41kind of happiness hormone. Simply put, it makes us feel good, and
00:04:45the dopamine release can be triggered by many things, from smelling a
00:04:49flower to petting a cute
00:04:52dog.
00:04:54What is sort of problematic is when you start to mix that dopamine hit
00:04:58that people get from kind of...
00:05:42legal action, an attempt to regulate them. Loot
00:05:46boxes pose a particular risk for children, since they often find it
00:05:50difficult to understand how much they're spending. We know for
00:05:53instance that impulse control is still developing right up until about age
00:05:5725 now, um, and so we know that, you know, when you're young,
00:06:01being exposed to gambling, being exposed to gambling-like
00:06:04products can really change the way you interact with risk and
00:06:07reward, um, and can leave you quite vulnerable to
00:06:10overspending. In his Aaron Drummond found that over
00:06:1470% of gamers don't even like loot boxes even though they
00:06:18might buy them. Using them is also associated with a
00:06:21higher level of
00:06:22stress.
00:06:26The real consequences of that are we know that um, people that tend to buy loot boxes
00:06:30in higher rates tend to express great regret of their
00:06:33purchases. We know also that they tend to
00:06:36be um, a little bit less happy. And yet,
00:06:40according to Drummand, loot boxes are found in around half of mobile games
00:06:44and a third of computer games.
00:06:47My advice: don't save your payment details in games.
00:06:51We know gaming can be addictive, so it's best to stay mindful. But
00:06:55beyond money, there's the issue of explicit and potentially harmful
00:06:59content. So do these dangers mean we should stop children from
00:07:03gaming altogether? British gamer B Plays is a popular streamer
00:07:06among teenagers and for
00:07:09clear no. Guiding
00:07:12fans through spooky mazes, snowboarding down virtual
00:07:16mountains or showing off new outfits, that's B's full-time
00:07:19job. The 26-year-old streamer shares her Roblox adventures on
00:07:23Twitch to over 100,000 subscribers. On YouTube she
00:07:27has more than 600 thousand.
00:07:31B sees the potential in online games to encourage strategic
00:07:34thinking and help users explore the world,
00:07:38even if they've never left their
00:07:40hometown.
00:07:45So lots of games that have different cities, so you can explore different cultures, you can become
00:07:48aware of different things that you maybe weren't aware of in real life. She
00:07:52says it also fosters self-discovery and
00:07:55expression.
00:07:57I have tons of community members who use it as a way to
00:08:00explore different clothes they wouldn't be able to wear in real life or feel that they're not able to to
00:08:04wear in real life. One thing I've noticed the most is that it really
00:08:08does allow people to explore queer identities, because if you are somebody who...
00:08:12Maybe in real life you're not comfortable telling people how you're feeling
00:08:16about something that's going on in your, you know, in your own mind or in yourself,
00:08:20maybe you can explore that inside of a game instead. So how can
00:08:24we continue benefiting from this exploration and creativity
00:08:28all while keeping children safe?
00:08:31For researcher Yubo Ko, parents play a key
00:08:35role.
00:08:38I think it would be a better scenario if parents and and
00:08:41children can communicate and play games
00:08:45together, so even if they encounter a bad game, and
00:08:48then they can work together to figure out
00:08:52why it is a bad game and then what we can do around
00:08:55it. For streamer B, schools have a responsibility
00:08:59too, and it's crucial they stay up to
00:09:02date. The internet is changing all the time,
00:09:05and if you're not fully aware of what can be on it and the dangers that it can
00:09:09pose, you can't efficiently teach somebody how
00:09:13to be safe online. But realistically, how much can
00:09:17parents and teachers keep top of all the latest trends and
00:09:20crazes? That's why there are calls for platforms to step up
00:09:24too. I think that platforms need
00:09:27to be more specific and strict on limiting those
00:09:31games to having proper age ratings, forcing secure
00:09:34ID verifications can ensure that you are actually the age
00:09:38that you say you are. If platforms and parents take action,
00:09:42gaming can be both fun and safe for
00:09:44children. A blanket ban of online games is not a
00:09:48feasible solution. Besides, games are an important
00:09:51part of life for many children and adults. Apart from being fun, they're
00:09:55often a creative outlet and they can teach useful skills
00:09:59too, like problem solving. Games also have the potential to
00:10:03foster friendships. That's what the Netflix documentary, "The
00:10:06Remarkable Life of Eveline" is all about. This
00:10:10is Mats Steen. In the last years of his life, he was
00:10:13an avid player of World of Warcraft, his favorite
00:10:16game.
00:10:19In 2014, at the age of 25, Mats died of a
00:10:22degenerative muscular disease. For most of his physical life, he used
00:10:26a wheelchair. When entering the virtual world of
00:10:30Azeroth, he lived as Evelin, forging friendships along the
00:10:34way.
00:10:37Mats changed lives and he changed
00:10:39those lives without meeting these people. They all all
00:10:43communicated in text form. They had never seen Mats, and for a
00:10:47long time they did not know that Mats was sick, so he just
00:10:51communicated through his avatar with his fingers.
00:10:55Mats's parents only learned of his other life when they updated his
00:10:59blog, informing followers of his passing.
00:11:02Suddenly, his parents began receiving emails from all over
00:11:06Europe, telling a totally different story about their son, telling
00:11:09stories about their best friend, that
00:11:12they must have changed their lives fundamentally and they
00:11:15even wanted to come to his funeral. Director
00:11:19Benjamin Ree captured Mats Steen's story in a
00:11:22documentary. He wanted to show how valuable online
00:11:26friendships can be, because for Mats's friends, their connection was
00:11:29completely real, even if they never met in
00:11:32person. A story like that shows just how
00:11:36important games can be. Still, we do have to be
00:11:39aware of the dangers and take them seriously. This applies to
00:11:42parents, schools and developers. Of course, they have
00:11:46legitimate commercial interests, but they also need to recognize
00:11:50that they have an enormous responsibility, especially
00:11:53towards younger users. But we can also take action
00:11:56ourselves by reporting abuse, for example, and if someone
00:12:00misbehaves online, we can speak up there too, just as
00:12:04we would in real life. That's it for me, I'll see you next time, bye-bye.
00:12:21From October 31st to November 6th, every
00:12:25evening at nine on Cinemanija.
00:12:28Viggo Mortensen in a romantic comedy
00:12:31drama, "A Different
00:12:33Father."
00:12:38Cate Blanchett in a romantic drama,
00:12:41"Carol."
00:12:46Keanu Reeves in the crime drama, "On
00:12:49the Line."
00:12:55Diane Lane in the romantic comedy drama, "Paris
00:12:59Can
00:12:59Wait."
00:13:03Mark Ruffalo in the historical biographical drama, "Spotlight."
00:13:07Lupom.
00:13:11Joaquin Phoenix in the thriller drama, "You Were Never
00:13:15Really Here."
00:13:15ovde.
00:13:23Saoirse Ronan in the romantic drama
00:13:25"Brooklyn." More movies, more
00:13:29hits.
00:13:32Cinemanija.
00:13:35I want to inform you that based on a
00:13:36stratified
00:13:40sample, it is
00:13:43clear that we lost these elections. The
00:13:47student-blockade
00:13:48list won.
00:13:57What are the impressions? It means freedom,
00:14:01free. Come on, my country. How
00:14:05do we know how
00:14:07to save
00:14:15kiss you.
00:14:18They thanked us for timely
00:14:20informing us all these years, especially
00:14:24the protests that lasted for the past two years
00:14:27in Serbia. Tonight we celebrate victory, from tomorrow we build
00:14:31the future. Great support for our television tonight from all
00:14:34gathered citizens. As they now admitted, many were
00:14:38worried, but they say, not anymore.
00:14:41So that's one of the messages we are conveying here in front
00:14:44of the student
00:14:45list headquarters.
00:15:11For the love of nature, we will delve into the life of a young shepherdess in
00:15:14France.
00:15:17German garden communities, are they really a place for relaxation without strict
00:15:33Euromaxx.
00:15:51No nightlife, no neighbors, just nature and
00:15:54freedom. As part of the series "Living Differently", we will meet a young
00:15:57Frenchwoman who made a radical change and replaced her urban daily life
00:16:01with mountains and a flock
00:16:03of sheep.
00:16:09Pauline Acre lives secluded.
00:16:12In the mountain pastures of the French Pyrenees, she cares
00:16:15for about 800 sheep. Why did this
00:16:1926-year-old choose the solitary life
00:16:22of a shepherdess?
00:16:26The sheep thank us every day in their own
00:16:28way. The beauty of this job lies
00:16:32in the unpredictability of working with living
00:16:34beings.
00:16:38You never know what they're thinking, how they will react or what
00:16:42they will do next. Every day you learn something
00:16:46new from them, that's what's great. It's never
00:16:49boring here.
00:16:53Her job is to watch the flock until it grazes.
00:16:57Stop.
00:17:01Pauline is responsible for the well-being of the animals, ensuring they have enough
00:17:05food and are healthy. In addition, she makes sure that as few
00:17:09sheep as possible stray or die, and that they are not carried off by bears.
00:17:27Of course, there is pressure. We make sure that the animals
00:17:31stay together so that as many of them as possible safely reach
00:17:34the valley at the end of the summer season.
00:17:48Once the sheep are safely settled for the night, Pauline returns to
00:17:52her mountain cabin. From the end of May to the end of October, it is
00:17:55her home at 1.5 meters above
00:17:58sea level.
00:18:08Here she lives with her boyfriend and fellow shepherd
00:18:11Antoni Konjat and their four sheepdogs.
00:18:14In the evening, Pauline and Antoni mostly talk about work and
00:18:18sheep.
00:18:21The pastoral work is still relatively
00:18:23new to them.
00:18:26In 2022, they left their previous jobs
00:18:30and urban life for the mountains. Today, cooking
00:18:33and enjoying good food are their favorite ways to spend their free time.
00:18:38Here you truly live in harmony with nature, at your own pace. Although you don't
00:18:42sleep much, you feel more rested because life here is not
00:18:45as stressful as in the city.
00:19:03The next day begins at 7:30. Pauline and
00:19:06Antoni will be outside all day, so they prepare everything
00:19:10they might need. Sometimes
00:19:12they go together, sometimes separately, and sometimes they
00:19:16take turns watching, depending on the position
00:19:19of the pasture. The path they choose depends on the weather
00:19:22conditions. In rain, thunder, and fog,
00:19:26they are always on the
00:19:27move.
00:19:33Hello girls. Are you
00:19:35still sleepy? You look beautiful this
00:19:37morning. It's an ancient
00:19:41occupation.
00:19:44For thousands of years, livestock has been taken to mountain
00:19:47pastures.
00:19:51This form of livestock farming is considered particularly
00:19:54sustainable. The seasonal movement of livestock
00:19:57is even on UNESCO's list of intangible
00:20:00cultural heritage. To do this job, Pauline and Antoni
00:20:04completed a nine-month course for shepherds. I think the sheep
00:20:08can teach us a lot, for example, I used to be very
00:20:11stressed and it was difficult for me to
00:20:14relax.
00:20:17But now I've changed and I follow the rhythm
00:20:19of the path.
00:20:24However, you have to be physically fit and not be afraid of hard
00:20:28work. This is still very physically
00:20:31demanding.
00:20:38It was also a big change for their dog Nala, who went from
00:20:42a pet to a sheepdog.
00:20:44pas.
00:20:47Our dogs are now actually our colleagues and have an important
00:20:50role in what we do. Thanks to
00:20:53them, we can do
00:20:57the job. One day Pauline would like to settle in the valley with Antoni and have
00:21:01their own flock, but for now she simply enjoys her new life in the
00:21:05mountains.
00:21:10In our series about the average German, we showed you different
00:21:13stories. With Michael Müller, we already went shopping for
00:21:16lunch and to work. Today we are talking about one of the most
00:21:20favorite German
00:21:21hobbies.
00:21:29Today, Michael Müller, the ordinary German, works in
00:21:32the garden. He has his Schrebergarten,
00:21:35a garden he shares with several other Germans who love
00:21:37gardening. But where do these small gardens come from? What
00:21:41do they mean to Germans and what rules apply to these
00:21:44plots? We decided to
00:21:47find out. Gardening. The most popular hobby in
00:21:51Germany. In fact, more than a quarter of Germans regularly plant, water, rake, and work
00:21:55in their
00:21:55garden.
00:22:00But if you're a German living in a big city, how do you satisfy
00:22:03the need to grow plants? That's where the Schreber
00:22:07Garten comes in.
00:22:12The Schrebergarten originated in the 19th century, during the time of industrialization,
00:22:16the reduction of green spaces in cities and the increasing number of smokers.
00:22:20The working class was then advised to grow their own fruits and vegetables outside of cities
00:22:24on land that was not suitable for anything else. That's why the plots
00:22:27are so often located next to railway tracks and
00:22:30highways.
00:22:32Today it is more of a hobby, even a passion. A escape from the city hustle
00:22:36and bustle, a place where Germans can cultivate their small green
00:22:38oases.
00:22:43As a relatively new member of the garden colony, Michael gets to know his
00:22:46neighbors.
00:22:50There are almost a million Schrebergartens in Germany. However, abundance
00:22:54does not mean availability. Waiting lists are extremely
00:22:57long. In Berlin, it was estimated in 2022 that there were
00:23:0015,000 people on the waiting list and that it could take
00:23:04up to 12
00:23:05years to get a plot.
00:23:10That's why I'm filling out the application to get my little paradise before I turn
00:23:1350 years old. I wanted to say
00:23:1740. Don't try to guess how old
00:23:20I am. Calling the Schrebergarten small would be
00:23:24completely wrong. The average size of a plot in Germany
00:23:27is 370 square meters, and the colony itself is even
00:23:30larger.
00:23:37Although I have followed Michael God bless him, in many situations,
00:23:40I have never seen him working in the garden, but since
00:23:43half of German garden owners spend time in them at least a few
00:23:47times a week, I assume that was the case.
00:23:58Michael grows these juicy cucumbers out of love, rather
00:24:02than because the German government obliges him to.
00:24:04More or less.
00:24:10According to the Federal Garden Allotment Act, at least a third of the plot
00:24:14must be used for growing food, i.e., fruits and vegetables for
00:24:17personal consumption. This allows cultivation of state land in exchange for
00:24:21low rent.
00:24:32And since we are in Germany, there are other rules for leasing these plots, which
00:24:36neighbor Klaus gladly shares with Michael.
00:24:40Hedges must be between 1.2 and 1.5
00:24:43meters high to maintain visibility in accordance with the public interest
00:24:47of the community.
00:24:51Rest times must also be strictly observed, for example
00:24:54after 7 PM in the afternoon and all day on Sundays and
00:24:58public holidays.
00:25:00Garden buildings, usually sheds, can be a maximum of 24
00:25:04square meters, like
00:25:05Klaus's.
00:25:10After Klaus's warning, Michael takes revenge by eating one of Klaus's
00:25:14mushrooms.
00:25:24A little later he seems to feel a bit
00:25:26strange.
00:25:32Oh my God, wake
00:25:35up Michael, wake
00:25:38up Michael, you can't sleep
00:25:42forever.
00:25:51The garden house is forbidden to be used as a permanent
00:25:54residence.
00:26:05And what do you think about German gardens? Did anything surprise you?
00:26:09Honestly, I would like to have