Google Speech-to-Text API Automatic Transcription (Chirp). Treat it as a searchable index of what was broadcast, not a quotation record.
00:00:00and its relationship with foreign
00:00:01powers. Although these events
00:00:05took place in different years and under different circumstances, they share
00:00:09a common theme. The Iranian people struggle for
00:00:13independence and resistance to foreign
00:00:15interference.
00:00:26The first was the exile of ayatullah Sayid Ruhullah Komeini to Turkey and
00:00:301964 following his fierce opposition to the
00:00:33Shaw's
00:00:34of capitulation bill. 14 years later, on November
00:00:384th, 1978,
00:00:40a dozens of students were killed when the Shaw Security forces opened
00:00:44fire on
00:00:45of demonstrators at Tehran
00:00:47of of University. A year after that, revolutionary
00:00:50students took over the US embassy in Tehran an event
00:00:54that became one
00:00:54of the most consequential episodes in the history of Iran-US
00:00:58relations. Three
00:01:01events separated by years but connected by a common 10th of Albon
00:01:05or November 4th, 10th of Alban or November 4th,
00:01:09a lasting symbol of resistance in
00:01:12Iran.
00:01:20of
00:01:40November a 4th, 1964 marked the decisive moment
00:01:44in the
00:01:44of confrontation between Imam Komen and the Pahlavi monarchy.
00:01:48After publicly denouncing the legislation that granted American citizens
00:01:52sweeping judicial immunity in Iran, Imam Khamaini was
00:01:56forcibly sent into exile. His opposition wasn't simply.
00:02:00a controversial legal provision, it challenged a political
00:02:03order that placed foreign interests above Iran's national
00:02:07sovereignty.
00:02:12The legislation that triggered Imam Komaini's historic protest was
00:02:16commonly known as the capitulation bill. Under
00:02:19of its of provisions, American military personnel and certain other American
00:02:23nationals in Iran would enjoy judicial immunity, meaning that
00:02:27they could not be persecuted under Iranian law. for range of
00:02:30offenses. The practice of
00:02:33of capitulation was deeply rooted in the history of colonial
00:02:36domination. Foreign powers had frequently imposed
00:02:40such privileges on weaker countries, effectively placing
00:02:44their own nationals beyond the reach of local judicial
00:02:47authorities. In Iran, these privileges had
00:02:51a long history. They were initially granted to Russian
00:02:55nationals under the
00:02:56of treaty of Turkaman chai during the Khajar era.
00:03:01Other foreign powers subsequently secured similar concessions,
00:03:05taking advantage
00:03:06of the political and economic weakness
00:03:08of the
00:03:08a qajar
00:03:09of monarchy.
00:03:13Mr. Yaqub Tavakali, an iranian historian who has written
00:03:17extensively on contemporary history of Iran.
00:03:21How did Imam Komaini's exile on November 4th
00:03:24(1964) impacted his fight against the Pahlavi
00:03:27regime and his status among.
00:03:49of
00:03:53of
00:04:00of its own nationals. Following the treaty of Turkman
00:04:04chai, Iran had been subjected to this arrangement, first
00:04:08with Russia and later with Britain and other European
00:04:11powers. The constitutional revolution eventually abolished
00:04:15capitalation in
00:04:20of of Iran. of The capitulation system was eventually abolished in
00:04:231927, following growing public opposition
00:04:27and changes in the international political climate. after World War
00:04:301, yet decades later, the Pahlavi
00:04:34regime moved to restore similar
00:04:37privileges. On October 5th,
00:04:401963, the cabinet of Prime
00:04:43a Minister Asadullah Alam, acting on the Shaw's instructions approved an
00:04:47American proposal granting judicial immunity to US citizens
00:04:51in
00:04:51of Iran. When the news reached Imam Komeini,
00:04:55he strongly condemned the decision. On October
00:04:5926th, 1964 he delivered a historic speech
00:05:03in
00:05:03a which he challenged the legitimacy
00:05:05of the legislation and accused the regime of humiliating the Iranian
00:05:09nation. in one
00:05:11of the most powerful passages of his address, imam khumaini
00:05:15declared that the regime had openly supported a disgraceful
00:05:19measure that place the Iranian people beneath American
00:05:23dogs. Mr. Seyed Hamid Rohani, an
00:05:26Iranian historian and a companion of Imam Komeini who
00:05:30saw in person the Islamic Revolution as it was
00:05:33unfolding. Could you please describe the political
00:05:37context in which the capitulation law was enforced upon the Iranian
00:05:40nation and
00:06:12understand, explaining what capitulation meant. He
00:06:16said that if the shah of Iran ran over an American dog, he
00:06:20would be held accountable, but an Iranian soldier had no
00:06:23right to hold an American
00:06:25accountable. The
00:06:29Shah's regime had already spent two years trying to contain Imam
00:06:33Komaini's growing opposition. His
00:06:36uncompromising position on capitulation, however, left the
00:06:40regime with little room for maneuver.
00:07:12said that they had exiled the man who was obstructing
00:07:16American policies. He was referring to Imam
00:07:19Khameini. The Turkish government, which
00:07:23cooperated with the Iranian government, also agreed to host Imam
00:07:26Komaini in exile for one
00:07:29year.
00:07:33What the monarchy intended as a means of silencing a prominent
00:07:37opponent instead became another chapter in the growing
00:07:40struggle against foreign influence.
00:08:12remain in Iran, following his exiled, Pahlavi regime
00:08:16forces were deployed a strategic points across the
00:08:19cities to prevent repeat the June the 5th,
00:08:231963
00:08:25upprising.
00:08:2914 years later, after Imam Khamaini's exile, November
00:08:334th witness another bloody confrontation between the
00:08:36Pahlavi regime and its opponents. In 1978, as
00:08:40protest against the monarchy spread. across the country, security
00:08:44forces open fire on demonstrators at Tehran
00:08:47University. 56 students lost their lives while
00:08:50hundreds were wounded. the killings intensified public anger
00:08:54and further weaken a monarchy already facing nationwide
00:08:58revolutionary
00:08:59movement.
00:09:04by the autumn of 1978, opposition to Mohammad Reza
00:09:08Shah had reached an unprecedented level. them
00:09:42by palavi regime forces, iran entered a period of
00:09:46silence. People were stunned and uncertain about
00:09:50what would happen next. About a month later, early
00:09:53autumn, student demonstrations began across Iran.
00:09:57Schools were shut down and students went on strike.
00:10:01Once students joined the Islamic Revolution, the number
00:10:05of people joining street demonstrations served
00:10:08dramatically.
00:10:13On November 4th, schools were closed as protests continued across
00:10:16Tehran. Large numbers of school students joined
00:10:20the demonstrations and headed towards Tehran University, where
00:10:24University. students and other protesters had gathered to voice their
00:10:28opposition to the shaw. the situation quickly
00:10:32deteriorated. around midday, security
00:10:35forces fired tear gas into the crowd in attempt to disperse
00:10:39the demonstrators. but instead of retreating, the protesters
00:10:43continued their chance and demonstrations.
00:10:47the confrontation then took a deadly
00:10:50turn. police forces open fire on the
00:10:53crowd, killing... 56 students and leaving hundreds of
00:10:57others injured. The incidents sent
00:11:01shock waves across the country. The deaths
00:11:04of young students, many of whom had taken to the streets demanding
00:11:08political change became another powerful symbol the
00:11:12violence employed by the Pahlavi regime to maintain its grip on
00:11:16power. Mr. Sayad Amir
00:11:20Maki, an Iranian historian and a prolific writer on the
00:11:23country's modern history.
00:11:55to take part in the anti-imperialist movement, students
00:11:59took over the US embassy, which became known as the US
00:12:03den of
00:12:03Espinage. Imam
00:12:07Khumeini responded with message addressed to the students and the Iranian
00:12:11people. He urged them to remain stead
00:12:14fast, expressing confidence that victory was approaching and
00:12:18that their demands for freedom and independence would eventually be heard
00:12:22around the world. The bloodshed of November
00:12:264th, 1978 further intensified the revolutionary
00:12:30atmosphere, rather than intimidating the
00:12:33opposition, the regime's violent response deep in public
00:12:37resentment and accelerated the process that would bring the show's
00:12:41rule to an end only few months later.
00:12:44The anniversary of this tragedy is now observed in Iran as student
00:12:48day commemorating the young people who lost their lives in the
00:12:52struggle against the Pahlavi monarchy.
00:13:01For decades, American military interventions across West Asia
00:13:05have left behind countless innocent victims and immeasurable
00:13:09human suffering. The war against Iran is no exception.
00:13:13Beyond the headlines and geopolitical calculations are personal
00:13:17tragedies that rarely appear in world's major news
00:13:20reports. This is one
00:13:21them. Marter
00:13:25Mehdi Husseini was just 24. He lived in Tehran and had
00:13:29spent years working hard to build a future through education
00:13:33and determination. Master's student in e-commerce. He
00:13:37had been working since the age of 19. To his family he was
00:13:41loving son, loyal friend and a humble young man who
00:13:45treated everyone with kindness and respect. An only son,
00:13:49Mehdi shared the deep bond with his parents. He loved chess,
00:13:52swimming and learning. Above all, he's had a deep devotion
00:13:56to the ahlalbeit, especially imam hussein. In the
00:13:59final days of his life, Mehdi began wearing black and
00:14:03attending morning ceremonies. His mother remembers
00:14:07one evening when the name of Imam Hussain brought him to
00:14:11tears. Today she wonders what those tears meant and
00:14:15whether they were a sign of what lay ahead. Mehdi rarely
00:14:19spoke about his work, he kept his details from his family
00:14:22who knew him only as young man. studying, working and
00:14:26striving for better future, they never imagined the
00:14:30danger he faced, then came the
00:14:33attack. the place where Mehdi worked in Tehran was
00:14:37struck an attack by the United States and Israel. two days after
00:14:41the marturdom the leader the revolution, Mehdi was killed
00:14:44alongside several of his friends. For a week, his family
00:14:48waited desperately for news. They clung to hope, not
00:14:51knowing what had happened to their beloved son. Then came the
00:14:55devastating discovery, first part of his leg and later part
00:14:59of his hand. Those fragments carried unbearable
00:15:03meaning. These were the hands that had worked tirelessly
00:15:07to build his future and the feet that had carried him to Mecca and the
00:15:11holy shine of Imam Riza in Mashad. Now they were all
00:15:15his family could recover the sun they had lost. His final
00:15:19journey to mashad holds a special place in his mother's heart.
00:15:22During that visit Mehdi had served. the shine of Imam Riza
00:15:26wearing the uniform of a shine attendant. His mother believed that this
00:15:30act of service may have been a spiritual calling before his
00:15:34final days. There
00:15:36is painful. try between the beginning and end of his life, mehti was born
00:15:40during the fatamiah morning period, commemorating
00:15:44lady Fatima, his funeral took place during the nights of
00:15:47Gad which coincide with the anniversary of Imam Ali's
00:15:51martterdom. On the 19th day of Ramadan, he was laid to
00:15:54rest. He was only 24, he had so much left to
00:15:58learn, so many ambitions to pursue and an entire
00:16:02future ahead of him, but the US Israely attack brought that future
00:16:06to an abrupt end today. his parents are left with memories of
00:16:09faith and the unbearable absence their only son, no
00:16:13words can fill the voice of Mehdi left
00:16:16behind.
00:16:20November 4th, 1979 brought Iran and the United States
00:16:23into one the most dramatic confrontations in their modern
00:16:27history. Revolutionary students took over the US embassy in Tehran
00:16:31accusing it of serving as a center for espionage and
00:16:35interference in Iran's domestic affairs.
00:17:07had realized the danger it pos to Iran and understood the plots being
00:17:11hatched against the country's independence now on Alban
00:17:1513th on the Persian calendar which falls on
00:17:18November 4th following the victory the
00:17:22Islamic Revolution uh students uh basically some Iranian
00:17:26students captured uh the US embassy in Tehran
00:17:30what was their first and initial motivations for such action
00:17:33and how did that differ from uh what followed
00:17:47had also clearly identified the enemy, they knew that the Americans were using their
00:17:51embassy to carry out conspiracies, so the students
00:17:55acted immediately and imam khumaini endorsed their action, calling it the
00:17:59second revolution. the first revolution had been against the shah
00:18:02dictatorial regime, the second was against the United
00:18:06States. "the
00:18:10takeover the embassy in Tehran quickly attracted international
00:18:14attention. On November 4th, 1979,
00:18:18revolutionary students occupied the compound, demanding the
00:18:21extradition of Muhammad Riza Pahlavi who had been allowed into the
00:18:25United States. They viewed the
00:18:29embassy as a symbol of Washington's longstanding interference in
00:18:32Iran and renamed it the US spy
00:18:35den.
00:18:44اسناد که بیرون اومد تازه دیدن که این
00:18:47سفارتخانه
00:18:48نبود.
00:19:02a US
00:19:02spiiden.
00:19:08How could anyone accept that decisions on even the smallest
00:19:12aspects of Iran's infrastructure and governance, including
00:19:15cultural, security and economic affairs were being
00:19:19made there and then dictted were put into written
00:19:23records. As a researcher, I strongly
00:19:26believe every Iranian should read at least one
00:19:30page these documents. They reveal direct
00:19:33American interference in every area of Iran's government.
00:20:02Iran's oil industry, challenging british and american
00:20:05interests, the CIA and
00:20:50embassies, they respond that there is only one country in the
00:20:53world where a cu cannot take place through the US
00:20:57embassy, the United States itself, because it has no
00:21:01US
00:21:01ambassador.
00:21:05They left a lasting mark on Iran's political
00:21:08consciousness, reinforcing suspicions of western interference
00:21:12in the country's internal affairs. These
00:21:16concerns grew further during the show's close political and military.
00:21:20cooperation with Washington, including Iran's reported
00:21:24support for American interests during the Vietnam
00:21:27war. If we want to basically
00:21:31examine capturing the US embassy following the
00:21:34victory the Islamic Revolution into
00:21:38perspective historical wise. Do you think that this could be
00:21:41considered as the beginning of U.S. hostility toward
00:21:44ایران. امریکا از سال
00:21:471328. Iran's oil
00:21:50industry was nationalized in 1951, look at the
00:21:54hostility and injustices the United States has inflicted on the Iranian
00:21:58nation. Did America really have the Iranian people's best
00:22:01interests at heart? Then what was the 1953
00:22:05coup that crippled their country and gave the US
00:22:08control over the lives and property the Iranian people? American
00:22:12hostility toward Iran goes back decades and Washington has
00:22:16repeatedly struck at the Iranian nation in various ways.
00:22:22For the revolutionary students, the embassy takeover was therefore not
00:22:26an isolated protest, but response to decades of perceived
00:22:29American interference and support for the shows
00:22:32monarchy. The November 4th confrontation
00:22:36became defining moment in Iran-US relations with
00:22:40consequences that continue to shape ties between the two
00:22:44countries.
00:22:50Khumeini's opposition to capitulation was the first major move against
00:22:54the United States when the Iranian people stood up to
00:22:57Washington. His movement and historic speech inspired
00:23:01the Iranian people to rise up and anti-American sentiment
00:23:05intensified. The takeover the US den of espionage later
00:23:09became a symbol the students resistance to the United
00:23:12States.
00:23:16From the overthrow of Iran's elected government in 1953 to
00:23:20political and military intervention across West Asia, Washington's
00:23:23involvement has repeatedly changed the course of events in this
00:23:27region. November 4th is therefore more than date of
00:23:31historic remembrance. It is an occasion to reflect on the
00:23:34consequences of foreign intervention and the price that nations
00:23:38pay when their sovereignty becomes subject to outside
00:23:41powers.
00:23:46In its latest act of regional adventurism, the United States has
00:23:50launched a war against Iran, opening another devastating
00:23:53chapter in the history of American intervention in West
00:23:57Asia. The human cost has been
00:24:00immense. Innocent civilians have lost their
00:24:03lives, families have been torn apart and countless
00:24:07people have seen their homes and livelihoods
00:24:09destroyed. But the consequences
00:24:13of this conflict extend far beyond Iran and its neighboring
00:24:16countries. Unlike. previous
00:24:20American military campaigns in Iraq and Afghanistan, the
00:24:23repercussions of this war have become a matter of international
00:24:27concern, with its effects reaching countries across the
00:24:30globe. Public opposition is also
00:24:34growing. Demonstrations in the United States across
00:24:38Europe and in other parts the world reflect increasing
00:24:41dissatisfaction with a military confrontation that many people
00:24:44regard as unnecessary and
00:24:47unjustifiable. The economic fallout
00:24:50is equally significant, disruptions to
00:24:54energy supplies, rising prices and growing uncertainty in
00:24:58international are now experiencing the consequences of a war in
00:25:02which they had no part and which they never
00:25:05wanted. these developments raise fundamental
00:25:09questions about the role the United States in the international
00:25:12system. how many more conflicts must errupt
00:25:16before the consequences of military intervention are fully?
00:25:20recognized, how many more nations must endure
00:25:24destruction and instability in the name of security and strategic
00:25:27interests? the historical experience of Iran and
00:25:31the wider region offers clear warning,
00:25:35policies based on military dominance and interference in the affairs of
00:25:39independent nations cannot deliver lasting
00:25:42peace. November 4th reminds the Iranian
00:25:46nation of a long struggle for independence, unity
00:25:50and sovereignty. It also serves as reminder that
00:25:54genuine peace and stability in west Asia will remain out of
00:25:57reach as long as foreign intervention and the use of military
00:26:01force continue.
00:26:02you to shape the region's
00:26:04future.
00:26:09That's all for today. Thank you for watching from the whole team. Please do
00:26:13join us again same times next week to see what else is on.
00:26:17Until next time. Take
00:26:18care.
00:26:39Along the shores, the Persian gulf stands Delv, city
00:26:43where history and resistance run
00:26:45deep.
00:26:49It was here the Race Ali Delivari rose against British
00:26:53forces during the first world war, becoming a symbol of southern Iran's
00:26:57struggle to defend its
00:26:58homeland.
00:27:03More than a century later, another son of Tangaston, commander
00:27:07alireza tangcidi, carried that legacy into the modern
00:27:11era. Two
00:27:14generations, one Persian Gulf, one enduring
00:27:17spirit of
00:27:18resistance.
00:27:32For decades he topped the most wanted
00:27:35list, no
00:27:39public appearances, no voice, only a shadow that
00:27:42reshaped the
00:27:43battlefield.
00:27:49In the dust of refugee camps to the underground labyrinth of
00:27:52Gaza, Muhammad Deif evolved from a street fighter into
00:27:56the master mind of asymmetric
00:27:57warfare, surviving repeated
00:28:01assassinations. his silence became a weapon and his name
00:28:05enduring legend after his
00:28:07marcherdom.
00:28:23from the villages of southern Lebanon to the occupied west bank from the mountains
00:28:27of southern Syria to the corridors of power in amman and beyond
00:28:31a dangerous regional transformation is unfolding,
00:28:35Israeli entity aggression is intensifying, military
00:28:38incursions are expanding and territorial ambitions are increasingly
00:28:42threatening the sovereignty of neighboring countries, but these developments
00:28:46are not happening in isolation, what connects the attacks, the
00:28:50advancing military positions, the political calculations and the emerging
00:28:54regional fault lines, who stands to benefit from a fragmented
00:28:57west Asia and who will pay the price? zin is
00:29:01Israel's expect regional ambitions this week on the meast
00:29:04stream.
00:29:37Headlines on Press TV: a senior IRGC commander wars that
00:29:41the US will receive drastic blows from the resistance front
00:29:45if it repeat its past
00:29:46miscalculations and Iran strongly
00:29:50condemns the German foreign minister's efforts to justify
00:29:54Washington's aggression against the Hall calling in the sign
00:29:58of Will's profound moral decay.
00:30:03and Palestinian officials says thousands of patients
00:30:06are at risk of losing their lives in Gaza as Israeli restrictions
00:30:10prevents them from receiving treatment outside the
00:30:13territory.