Intelligence Desk
INTELJune 1, 2026

Intelligence Desk

Daily geopolitical, defense, and macro intelligence brief, drawn from an eighteen-persona AI analyst roster, with presidential back-tests and historical power-persona lenses.

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Regional Pulse — analyst emphasis (word count) REGIONAL PULSE — ANALYST EMPHASIS (WORD COUNT) Middle East / Lebanon-Israel 48 w Indo-Pacific 67 w Latin America / Colombia 41 w Technology / AI Export Cont… 39 w

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Written by Anthropic’s Claude. Not edited by a human before publication.

Bias-reviewed: LOW Independently rated by Kimi for political-lean, source-diversity, and framing bias before publish. Final orchestration and the published call are made by Claude, a U.S. model.

Threat Assessment

Level: ELEVATED

Active Israeli ground operations inside Lebanon with Israeli forces capturing strategic positions and Hezbollah responding with rockets into northern Israel, a fragile US-brokered ceasefire framework still unresolved, and a live US-Iran tensions backdrop with ceasefire extension uncertain create a genuine multi-theater risk confluence. The Asia-Pacific rearmament signal from Shangri-La Dialogue and the US chip export control expansion add structural friction. No single story constitutes HIGH, but the simultaneous Lebanon escalation, Iran nuclear/ceasefire stall, and Indo-Pacific posturing push the aggregate above GUARDED.

Top Signal

Israel Pushes Deep into Lebanon; US Proposes Ceasefire Framework Consensus

Why Consensus: The IDF's advance into Lebanon and the Rubio diplomatic calls are independently corroborated across al-Monitor, France24, Irish Times, and regional Balkan outlets; the Iranian MoU amendment is single-sourced to Xinhua/Tasnim and should be treated with higher uncertainty.

Certainty calls rate how settled the underlying facts are, not how the story is framed. Consensus: independent source types corroborate what happened. Contested: sources disagree on substance, or the story rests largely on one side’s reporting. Developing: thin or single-source coverage, or fast-moving and unconfirmed. Each call is the AI model’s own assessment of the day’s corpus.

Israeli Defense Forces pushed further north into Lebanon on Sunday, capturing Beaufort Crusader castle — a strategic position not held in 26 years — as Hezbollah escalated rocket and drone strikes into large areas of northern Israel. Separately, US Secretary of State Marco Rubio spoke with both Lebanese President Joseph Aoun and Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, proposing a 'gradual de-escalation' framework under which Hezbollah would cease attacks in exchange for Israeli restraint in Beirut. The US official confirmed that Lebanese Parliament Speaker has complicated the proposal's advance. At least eight people, including three women, were killed in Israeli strikes on southern Lebanon. Simultaneously, Iran stated it would amend the text of a potential MoU with the US after receiving the latest American response, while an Iranian official accused Trump of 'betraying diplomacy for the third time' over ceasefire extension disagreements, particularly regarding the Strait of Hormuz and Iran's nuclear program.

Significance: Israeli ground operations recapturing strategic Lebanese positions not held since 2000 marks a qualitative escalation beyond the airstrike exchange pattern — this is force projection into sovereign Lebanese territory with implications for the November 2024 ceasefire framework's durability. A failed US de-escalation proposal would leave Washington without a diplomatic off-ramp while managing simultaneous Iran nuclear talks, raising the risk of miscalculation across multiple theaters.

Source types are read from each link’s address by fixed rules, not assigned by the model. Primary record marks what a government, court or company itself published; the other types are reporting or commentary about events. A link no rule identifies carries no type rather than a guess.

Consensus Call

The roundtable agrees that Israeli ground operations inside Lebanon represent a qualitative escalation beyond airstrike exchanges, and that the US ceasefire framework is structurally asymmetric in ways that make Lebanese and Hezbollah acceptance improbable in the near term. The dissenting margin, led by Osei, holds that Washington's simultaneous pressure posture across multiple theaters risks each regional actor miscalculating its place in the US priority queue — a structural risk the consensus's focus on Lebanon bilateral dynamics underweights.

Analyst Roundtable AI analysis

Each voice below is an AI-generated analytical persona written by Anthropic’s Claude, not a real person. Names link to each persona’s dossier on the analyst persona roster.

Dr. Mara Voss Tier 1

The structural forces here predate this administration and will outlast it. Israel recapturing Beaufort Castle — a position it held from 1982 to 2000 — is not operationally random. It signals a doctrinal shift toward establishing a permanent buffer zone in southern Lebanon that goes beyond the November 2024 ceasefire's intent. Washington's 'gradual de-escalation' framework, with Hezbollah stopping attacks first before Israeli restraint in Beirut, is structurally asymmetric: it asks the weaker party to concede sequentially. The Lebanese Parliament Speaker's resistance is entirely predictable given this asymmetry. What matters geopolitically is whether Iran's nuclear negotiation track and the Lebanon track are being deliberately decoupled by Tehran, or whether they are genuinely separate — I assess they are linked levers, and Iran is managing both simultaneously to maximize pressure.

Israel's advance into Lebanon signals an intent to establish a permanent security buffer, not merely a tactical response, which structurally undermines any ceasefire framework predicated on a return to the November 2024 status quo.

Dissent: I push back on Ritter's operational focus: the logistics of the Israeli advance matter less than the political signal being sent. Beaufort Castle is symbolic as much as strategic — Israel is communicating to both Hezbollah and Washington that it will not accept a ceasefire that restores the pre-October 2023 deterrence equilibrium.

James Ritter Tier 1

Capability we can measure. Intent we infer. Don't confuse the two. What we can measure: IDF ground forces are operating in Lebanese sovereign territory north of the Blue Line, capturing elevated terrain that provides observation and fire control over the Litani River valley. Beaufort Castle's elevation and position give Israeli forces a persistent surveillance advantage over Hezbollah resupply routes. What we infer: this is not a raid — holding a castle requires logistics, resupply, and a willingness to absorb casualties, all of which suggest a deliberate decision to establish presence rather than merely strike and withdraw. SJRES 185, placed on the Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders on May 19, directs removal of US Armed Forces from hostilities involving Iran — that's the congressional pressure context within which Rubio is operating his Lebanon diplomacy. The 24th Marine Expeditionary Unit deploying to the Caribbean is separately significant: US force posture is expanding simultaneously on multiple axes.

IDF seizure and holding of Beaufort Castle represents a qualitative shift from strike operations to sustained ground presence, requiring a different diplomatic response than a ceasefire framework designed around air and rocket exchanges.

Dissent: Voss is right on the symbolic weight, but I'd caution against over-indexing on symbolism: what changes the operational calculus is whether Hezbollah can contest that terrain or accepts a new status quo. Their rocket response into northern Israel suggests they are not accepting it.

Elena Marsh Tier 1

The market is pricing a contained escalation. The data says oil prices are rising and Asian equities are leaning on the AI boom to offset Gulf risks — that gap is the trade. US stock futures were up slightly heading into June, and oil was rising per MarketWatch, with analysts noting that oil prices are likely to remain elevated as Middle East supply infrastructure requires repair. ICI fund flows show total equity outflows of $29.4 billion last week, with domestic equity shedding $24.7 billion and world equity losing $4.7 billion — that's risk-off at scale. Simultaneously, taxable bond inflows of $11.5 billion and money market fund assets adding $7.8 billion to sit at a government-fund total of $6.4 trillion confirm the rotation. Real GDP for 2026Q1 came in at +1.6% SAAR versus +0.5% in Q4 2025 — a rebound, but not strong enough to absorb a sustained oil shock if Hormuz dynamics deteriorate. The Iran MoU amendment and ceasefire extension uncertainty are the tail risk the equity market has not fully priced.

Equity markets are pricing containment while flows data shows institutional and retail investors quietly rotating to cash and bonds — the divergence between index performance and fund flow behavior is a leading indicator of repricing if Lebanon or Iran escalates further.

Dissent: I'd flag to Voss and Ritter that the USTR Section 301 probe of Vietnam, initiated last week, adds a separate supply-chain disruption risk to the macro picture that is being lost in the Lebanon headline — tariff architecture is quietly expanding while attention is elsewhere.

Tariq Osei Tier 1

From Beirut, Riyadh, and Tehran, this story reads completely differently than it does from Washington. The US ceasefire proposal — Hezbollah concedes first, Israel restrains later in Beirut — is being read in the region as a sequenced capitulation demand, not a negotiation. Lebanese Parliament Speaker's resistance is not obstructionism; it reflects a domestic political reality where any agreement that freezes Israeli forces inside Lebanese territory is domestically illegitimate regardless of what Aoun signs. Iran's decision to amend the MoU text rather than reject it outright is the signal that Tehran is still in the negotiation, but the Iranian official's accusation that Trump has 'betrayed diplomacy for the third time' tells you the internal political cost of continued engagement is rising for Pezeshkian's government. The Shangri-La Dialogue's takeaway — Asia-Pacific on a path to rearmament — should be read alongside Secretary Hegseth's remarks there: Washington is signaling strength across multiple theaters simultaneously, which raises the risk that adversaries in each theater miscalculate their place in the priority queue.

The US simultaneous pressure posture across Lebanon, Iran, and the Indo-Pacific risks each regional actor concluding they are Washington's lowest priority, which historically produces the miscalculations that trigger escalation rather than deterrence.

Dissent: I disagree with Marsh's framing that this is primarily a tail risk to equities: for the populations of southern Lebanon, northern Israel, and the Iranian middle class, this is not a tail — it is the primary reality, and Washington's diplomatic framework has repeatedly failed to account for the domestic political constraints on each party it is asking to concede first.

Historical Strategy Desk AI analysis

The day’s historical-strategy seat, an AI-generated persona written by Anthropic’s Claude, applies its framework to today’s signal. Its historical parallels come from the model’s general knowledge, not from the sources cited in this brief.

Churchill Grand Strategy

Churchill's central lesson from the 1930s was that incremental territorial concessions, justified as de-escalation, systematically strengthened the aggressor's position for the next demand. The US 'gradual de-escalation' framework — asking Hezbollah to stop first — applied to a situation where IDF forces are already holding new ground inside Lebanon inverts the sequence Churchill would have demanded: you do not ask the weaker party to concede before the stronger party withdraws to the status quo ante. Churchill would also have noted the alliance coherence problem surfaced at Shangri-La: when Washington and Southeast Asia are 'talking past each other,' as the Lowy Institute characterized the Dialogue, the adversary — in this case China observing from the wings — gains strategic information about alliance fractures at minimal cost.

Regional Pulse

Middle East / Lebanon-Israel Consensus

Why Consensus: Ground operations and diplomatic contacts are corroborated across multiple independent outlets; the specific terms of the US proposal rest on a single US official's characterization and should be treated as developing.

IDF ground forces are holding Beaufort Castle inside Lebanese territory; Hezbollah is escalating rocket and drone strikes into northern Israel; a US ceasefire framework is in motion but faces resistance from the Lebanese Parliament Speaker, and the Iran nuclear/ceasefire extension track remains unresolved with Tehran amending MoU text.

Indo-Pacific Consensus

Why Consensus: Multiple independent outlets and a US State Department readout corroborate the Shangri-La conclusions and bilateral diplomatic activity; the ACSA discussion is confirmed by South Korean Defense Minister on record.

The Shangri-La Dialogue 2026 concluded with a consensus assessment that Asia-Pacific is on a path to rearmament, while the Lowy Institute characterized the summit as Washington and Southeast Asia 'talking past each other'; Secretary Rubio separately reaffirmed US commitment to the Luzon Economic Corridor and South China Sea security with Philippine President Marcos, and South Korea and Japan discussed a potential bilateral Acquisition and Cross-Servicing Agreement (ACSA).

Latin America / Colombia Consensus

Why Consensus: First-round results showing both candidates advancing to a runoff are corroborated across multiple international outlets; Petro's fraud allegations are single-sourced and unverified.

Colombia's presidential first round produced a runoff between pro-Trump right-wing candidate Abelardo de la Espriella (~44%) and leftist Ivan Cepeda; outgoing President Petro sowed doubt about the results, and the runoff carries significant implications for US-Colombia relations and regional ideological alignment.

Technology / AI Export Controls Developing

Why Developing: The Commerce Department guidance is confirmed by Al Jazeera with cross-source count of 4, but the specific enforcement mechanisms and affected firm list are not yet documented in the corpus.

The US Department of Commerce issued guidance clarifying that the ban on AI chip shipments applies to Chinese firms operating outside China — closing a major loophole in the export control regime and signaling a more aggressive enforcement posture.

Economic, Energy & Maritime Signals

Economic Signal

Equity Outflows Accelerate to $29.4B as Bond and Cash Rotation Deepens; GDP Rebound Insufficient Buffer for Oil Shock

ICI weekly flows show total equity net outflows of $29.4 billion — domestic equity alone shed $24.7 billion — while taxable bond funds absorbed $11.5 billion and money market fund assets added $7.8 billion to reach $6.4 trillion in government funds. Real GDP for 2026Q1 came in at +1.6% SAAR, a genuine rebound from the +0.5% in Q4 2025, but that margin is thin against sustained oil price elevation driven by Middle East infrastructure damage and Hormuz risk. The EU's six largest economies agreeing on financial integration steps is a positive structural signal for European capital markets, but the dominant flow direction in the current window is defensive: cash, short-duration bonds, and away from equities at meaningful scale.

Energy Watch

Oil Prices Elevated as Middle East Infrastructure Damage Weighs; Papua LNG Milestone Advances Alternative Supply

Oil prices are rising heading into June, with market analysts noting that inventories will take time to recover and that Middle East supply infrastructure damaged in the US-Iran exchange requires repair — this is a physical constraint on supply normalization, not merely a risk premium. The Papua LNG Project received its amended upstream environmental permit from Papua New Guinea's Conservation and Environment Protection Authority, advancing a TotalEnergies project that represents meaningful LNG supply diversification for Asia-Pacific markets. The policy assumes infrastructure that doesn't exist yet in the case of rapid Middle East supply restoration: refinery and pipeline repair timelines in active conflict zones run 18-36 months minimum, meaning the oil price floor from this conflict will persist well beyond any ceasefire.

Maritime Watch

Hormuz Closure Risk Persists as Iran Ceasefire Extension Remains Unresolved; 24th MEU Deploys to Caribbean

Iran's adviser to the Supreme Leader accused Trump of 'betraying diplomacy for the third time,' with key disagreements specifically over the Strait of Hormuz and Iran's nuclear program remaining unresolved as the ceasefire extension decision looms. The Strait remains the binding maritime constraint on global oil supply: roughly 20% of global petroleum liquids transit Hormuz daily, and any Iranian escalation in response to a failed ceasefire extension would immediately activate supply disruption scenarios. Separately, the 24th Marine Expeditionary Unit has deployed to the Caribbean — the first such deployment noted in the corpus — which signals US force posture expansion in a theater where concerns about a possible US military action against Cuba have been noted by Military Times.

Bias Check

Framing divergence: Western outlets (Irish Times, France24, al-Monitor) frame the Lebanon story through the lens of US diplomatic efforts and ceasefire prospects, emphasizing Rubio's active engagement. Regional Balkan outlet N1Info leads with casualty numbers. Xinhua/Tasnim frame the Iran MoU story as Iranian agency and measured response to US pressure — the same event is framed by India Today as Iranian inflexibility. The Washington Examiner frames Colombia's result as a 'pro-Trump' win; NBC News foregrounds Petro's fraud allegations and democratic stability concerns. RT frames the Hasan Piker UK visa story as Israeli lobbying power; Fox News frames it as a political controversy around a left-wing figure with separate legal exposure. The Lowy Institute's Shangri-La analysis — 'Washington and Southeast Asia talked past each other' — appears only in Australian/regional outlets and is largely absent from US coverage of the same summit.

What outlets omitted: US mainstream coverage largely omits the South Korea-Japan ACSA logistics agreement discussion, which is a significant bilateral defense milestone that received coverage only in NK News. The USTR Section 301 probe of Vietnam — a consequential trade action with supply chain implications — is covered only by Supply Chain Dive and absent from general news outlets. The NPT erosion analysis from Arms Control Association is absent from mainstream coverage despite its long-cycle strategic significance. The 24th MEU Caribbean deployment's context — a US general's rare meeting with Cuban military officials amid Cuban concerns about a US military attack — is underreported relative to its strategic novelty.

Watch Next

  • Lebanese Parliament Speaker's formal response to the US ceasefire framework proposal — acceptance or rejection determines whether Rubio's diplomatic track has a viable path in the next 72 hours
  • Trump decision on 60-day Iran ceasefire extension, expected imminently; a rejection triggers Hormuz risk premium repricing across oil markets
  • IDF operational tempo in southern Lebanon: whether Beaufort Castle holding is followed by further northern advances will clarify whether this is a buffer zone operation or a deeper incursion
  • EU Parliament International Trade Committee extraordinary meeting on Tuesday June 2 — joint session with Internal Market and Industry Committees likely to address US tariff architecture and the Vietnam Section 301 probe implications for EU supply chains
  • SJRES 185 Senate floor action: the joint resolution directing removal of US Armed Forces from hostilities involving Iran (last action May 19, Calendar No. 415) may come to a vote as Iran ceasefire decision approaches
  • Colombia presidential runoff date and whether Petro's fraud allegations generate institutional challenge to first-round results — a disputed result would significantly complicate US-Colombia relations regardless of which candidate eventually wins
  • FEC independent expenditure trajectory: the sharp -32.8% week-over-week decline to $28.9 million (409 filings) may signal campaign spending consolidation ahead of June primary windows; watch whether Protect Progress ($3.0M) and Project 218 ($2.6M) sustain or reduce pace

Presidential Back-tests AI analysis

AI back-tests: the model applies each figure’s documented decision-making framework to today’s sources. These are not the figures’ own words, and the historical parallels come from the model’s general knowledge, not from the sources cited in this brief. Every lens, every cadence →

Richard Nixon 1969-1974

Nixon's approach to the Middle East — demonstrated in the 1973 Yom Kippur War — was to manage Israeli military success as a negotiating asset while maintaining back-channel pressure to prevent total Arab humiliation. The current US framework of asking Hezbollah to concede first mirrors the sequencing problem Nixon navigated: you need each party to believe they are not being asked to surrender. Nixon's back-channel to Moscow during the 1973 war produced the ceasefire; the equivalent today would be a direct US-Iran channel on Lebanon separate from the nuclear track. The simultaneous management of the Lebanon ceasefire and Iran MoU extension is exactly the kind of triangulated diplomacy Nixon practiced — but Nixon had Kissinger running parallel tracks with full presidential authority, and the current framework appears to be a single-track Rubio effort.

Dwight D. Eisenhower 1953-1961

Eisenhower's 1956 Suez Crisis response is the direct historical parallel: when Israel, Britain, and France advanced militarily into Egypt, Eisenhower applied economic and diplomatic pressure to force withdrawal, prioritizing the rules-based order over alliance solidarity. The current situation inverts that dynamic — the US is not pressuring Israel to withdraw from Lebanese territory but rather negotiating a ceasefire that implicitly accepts Israeli presence. Eisenhower would have recognized this as the point at which the precedent is set: does the US maintain that UN Security Council Resolution 1701 and Lebanon's territorial integrity are non-negotiable, or does it accept Israeli facts on the ground? His economic leverage over force doctrine would suggest the moment for meaningful pressure is now, before Israeli positions harden.

Franklin D. Roosevelt 1933-1945

FDR's model of coordinated government mobilization applied to the current situation points to a gap: the US is running Middle East diplomacy, Indo-Pacific security commitments (Rubio-Marcos call, Shangri-La), Iran nuclear negotiations, and a Caribbean force deployment simultaneously without a visible coordinating architecture. FDR's Lend-Lease and theater command structures were designed precisely to prevent allied partners from operating on misaligned assumptions about US priorities. The Lowy Institute's observation that Washington and Southeast Asia talked past each other at Shangri-La is the diagnostic symptom of the problem FDR solved institutionally — there is no equivalent of the Combined Chiefs of Staff framework for the current multi-theater posture.

John F. Kennedy 1961-1963

Kennedy's Cuban Missile Crisis management is instructive on the Iran ceasefire extension decision facing Trump. Kennedy's back-channel to Khrushchev via Robert Kennedy and Anatoly Dobrynin allowed both sides to find an off-ramp (US pledge not to invade Cuba, quiet removal of Jupiter missiles from Turkey) that neither could publicly acknowledge. The Iran situation — where Tehran is publicly accusing Trump of betrayal while privately amending MoU text — suggests a similar dynamic is present. Kennedy would have identified the Hormuz disagreement as the equivalent of the Turkey missiles: a face-saving concession that can be made structurally without appearing as capitulation, if the right back-channel exists. The public communication as strategy element Kennedy mastered is also relevant: Trump's stated indecision on the 60-day extension is itself a form of pressure signaling.

Historical Power Lenses AI analysis

Every lens, every cadence →

Machiavelli 1469-1527

Machiavelli's core insight — that it is better to be feared than loved, but best to avoid being hated — applies directly to Israel's Lebanon calculus. Capturing Beaufort Castle maximizes the fear element with Hezbollah; the question is whether the civilian casualty count (at least eight dead including women, per the corpus) crosses the threshold into hatred among the Lebanese population and international audience, which historically has been the point at which military advantage converts into political liability. Machiavelli would also have noted the timing problem: the US ceasefire proposal being floated while Israeli forces are actively advancing means Israel is being asked to negotiate from a position of military progress, which Machiavelli would have identified as the moment of maximum leverage — and therefore the worst moment to accept a ceasefire from the Israeli government's domestic political perspective.

Cleopatra VII 69-30 BC

Cleopatra's mastery of navigating between competing great powers — Rome's Caesar and Antony — as a smaller power seeking survival is the lens for Lebanon's position. Lebanon under President Aoun is being asked to execute a ceasefire framework that requires it to simultaneously satisfy US demands, constrain Hezbollah (which operates outside state authority), and maintain domestic political legitimacy. Cleopatra's lesson is that a smaller power survives by making itself indispensable to the dominant power's strategic interests — Lebanon's leverage is that a failed ceasefire creates a US diplomatic failure that complicates the Iran track. Aoun is likely playing that card consciously, making himself the essential interlocutor rather than simply the implementer of Washington's framework.

Sun Tzu ~544-496 BC

The supreme art of war is to subdue the enemy without fighting — and the current escalation pattern in Lebanon suggests both sides have abandoned that doctrine. Hezbollah's escalated rocket and drone strikes into northern Israel in response to the Beaufort Castle seizure represent reactive warfare rather than strategic calculation; Israel's ground advance similarly prioritizes territorial control over information dominance. The Sun Tzu assessment of the US position is more interesting: Washington is attempting to achieve de-escalation without credible military threat to either party, which Sun Tzu would have identified as the worst of both worlds — you neither fight nor credibly deter. The Iran MoU amendment strategy, by contrast, reflects the Sun Tzu principle of appearing to engage while preserving all options — Tehran is buying time through the negotiation process.

J.P. Morgan 1837-1913

Morgan's role as lender of last resort and systemic risk manager during the Panic of 1907 — where he personally coordinated the financial system's response to crisis — applies to the current moment through the lens of the EU's six largest economies agreeing on financial integration steps while simultaneously the Middle East escalation drives equity outflows of $29.4 billion weekly and oil prices higher. Morgan's insight was that systemic risk requires a coordinated institutional response faster than markets can price the uncertainty. The current gap — equity markets pricing containment while fund flows signal defensive rotation — is exactly the divergence Morgan would have identified as the precursor to a disorderly repricing. The absence of a credible institutional backstop for Middle East escalation tail risks is the Morgan-era problem: who is the lender of last resort for geopolitical stability?

Independent Model's Lens Picks — Kimi

A separate AI model (Kimi) independently picked the historical figures it finds most relevant to today's top signal, without seeing the lenses above. A “✓ both models” tag marks figures both models chose independently. Supporting signal only — it does not change the analysis above.

Tony Popovic

His own experience as a player and coach provides insights into the benefits of a youthful team.

Johan Cruyff 1960s-1980s

His philosophy of 'Total Football' emphasizes the importance of versatile players, which is relevant to a young and adaptable team.

Sir Alex Ferguson 1986-2013

His ability to develop and manage young talent at Manchester United is a model for building a successful team over time.

Diego Maradona 1980s-1990s

As a player who excelled at a young age, his career provides lessons on the impact young players can have on a team's success.

Sources Cited

27 sources — show

Lean labels: L Left · LC Lean-Left · C Center · RC Lean-Right · R Right · INTL International · GOV Government. INTL: Geography, not a left/right position: the prompts ask for a cross-section spanning left, right, center, international and government sources. GOV: A source type, not a political position. The model assigns it, and has applied it to state-affiliated media; the source-type label is derived separately from the URL. Lean codes on a brief's citations are assigned by the model that wrote the brief: an estimate, not an editorial rating. Where this site’s own outlet profile or domain rule gives a different label, that label is shown and the model’s follows in parentheses.

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